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High-resolution patterns of palaeoenvironmental changes during the Little Ice Age and the Medieval Climate Anomaly in the northwestern Iberian Peninsula

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第5期11卷 1461-1475页

作者： Daniel Castro Martin Souto Maria Isabel Fraga Eduardo Garcia-Rodeja Sebastian Perez-Diaz Jose Antonio Lopez Saez xabier pontevedra-pombal Dpto.Botanica Fac.BioloxiaUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaGaliciaSpain Dpto.Edafoloxia e Quimica Agricola Fac.BioloxiaUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaGaliciaSpain Dpto.Geografia Urbanismo y Ordenacion Del TerritorioETS CaminosCanales y PuertosUniversidad de CantabriaSpain GI Arqueobiologia Instituto de HistoriaCCHS–CSICMadridSpain

to identify plant macrofossils,estimate peat humification and calculate hydroclimatic indices based on current bog species,with the overall aim of determining the climate conditions associated with evolution of the bog during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice *** proxies,together with historical and climate data,proved to be good indicators of the changes in bog surface ***:of the core led to identification of 9 different periods:two corresponding to the so-called Medieval Climate Anomaly(930 to 1345 AD,1075–665 calibrated years before present[*** BP]);four corresponding to the Little Ice Age(1345 to 1905 AD;665–105 cal yr BP);and three corresponding to the last century(1905 to 2000 AD).The findings revealed a generally dry climate that lasted until the 14th century,followed by a transition to a long period with a more humid,but characteristically very variable climate,which ended at the beginning of the 20th century and was followed by a rapid transition to more humid conditions and finally,a change to drier *** Medieval Climate Anomaly was indicated by the abundance of dry-adapted mosses(Leucobryum glaucum,Hypnum cupressiforme)and characterized by warm dry conditions and high levels of peat humification,with alternating wet *** LIA period was dated by a large abundance of Sphagnum species(an indicator of wetness)and a gradual increase in the humification ***,four different climate phases were differentiated in this ***-resolution reconstruction of the evolution of the CVM bog and the multiproxy approach have together enabled a more detailed identification of climatic variations in this area,which are generally consistent with the global models,as well as better definition of the elusive climatic oscillations in the last millennium and confirmation of the importance of local modulation of global *** study provides new information and a detailed chronology of climatic events that will hel

关键词： Last millennium Raised bog Plant macrofossil Humification analysis Southwest Europe Climate change

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10,000 years of climate control over carbon accumulation in an Iberian bog(southwestern Europe)

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第4期10卷 1521-1533页

作者： xabier pontevedra-pombal Daniel Castro Martín Souto Isabel Fraga William H. Blake Maarten Blaauw José A. López-Sáez Sebastián Pérez-Díaz Marcos Valcárcel Eduardo García-Rodeja Dpto.Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola Fac.BioloxíaUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaGaliciaSpain Dpto.Botánica Fac.BioloxíaUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaGaliciaSpain School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of PlymouthUK School of Natural and Built Environment Queen’s University BelfastNorthern IrelandUK GI Arqueobiología Instituto de HistoriaCCHS - CSICMadridSpain Dpto.Xeografía Fac.Xeografía e HistoriaUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaGaliciaSpain

The northwest region of the Iberian Peninsula is home to a unique ecosystem of bogs,which are particularly sensitive to projected climate cha *** this context,the rate of carbon(C)accumulation in Chao de Veiga *** intact raised bog,was *** in the accumulation rate over the past10 millennia were determined in a peat core of 847 cm in depth,with a high mean rate of peat growth(11 yr cm^-1,0.09 cm yr^-1).An age-depth model was generated from 22 14C dates and fallout ***,stratigraphical and physico-chemical data confirmed the existence of a single cycle of peat formation throughout the Holocene and the formation of ombrotrophic peat 9500 years *** total mean C content was 50.2%,and over 10 millennia 583 kg C m^-2 accumulated at a mean rate of 35.3 g C m^-2 yr^-1,with a long-term(apparent)rate of carbon accumulation in the catotelm of59.9 g C m^-2 yr^-*** values are much higher than reported for other Iberian peatlands and are amongst the highest documented for peatlands in the northern *** dynamics of C accumulation and other measured parameters reveals important variations throughout the *** could be associated with the main climatic events described in the northern hemisphere and are highly consistent with models established for northern *** Chao de Veiga Mol raised bog is unique and of great potential value for carrying out high resolution palaeoenvironmental studies,especially in relation to regional and Iocal modulations in southern Europe.

关键词： Peatland Geochemistry Holocene Climate change Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction

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Master of one trade:Arbutus unedo relies on plasticity to persist under habitats differing in water availability

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第5期10卷 869-881页

作者： xabier Santiso Rubén Retuerto Área de Ecología Facultad de BiologíaCampus VidaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela15782 Santiago de CompostelaSpain

Aims the limited water supply in the Mediterranean Basin will be exacerbated in the immediate future as result of severe drought ***,the study of the intraspecific variability in functional traits of plant species is important,because such variability modulates species’***,we aimed to analyse the variability in plasticity of physiological and structural traits of Arbutus unedo *** response to water availability and to determine whether the levels of phenotypic plasticity varied in plants of different *** We kept two sets of plants under contrasted water regimes(high water and low water)and calculated a phenotypic plasticity index to determine the plastic response to water *** compared the response among kind of traits and *** also per-formed analysis of variance to assess the trait and provenance *** Findings We found that biomass and key physiological traits decrease under drought conditions,while the water use efficiency *** differed between groups of traits,being higher in structural and gas exchange parameters,but the provenance did not account for signifi-cant variation in *** has evolved a‘good saver’strat-egy,involving decreasing growth and water use-when this resource is unavailable-together with the dissipation of excess of radiation that it cannot *** homogeneous response between provenances may be the result of a canalization *** strategy,based on a high degree of plasticity,is a probable determining factor in the success of the species over its wide range of environmental conditions and will be critical to withstand the ongoing environmental changes.

关键词： adaptation canalization contrasted provenances drought global change phenotypic plasticity

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Biliary spillage a new prognostic factor in gallbladder cancer?

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2019年第5期8卷 537-538页

作者： xabier de Aretxabala Department of Surgery Clínica Alemana de SantiagoSantiagoChile

Gallbladder cancer is considered a rare disease associatedwith a dismal prognosis(1-3).However,since the irruptionof laparoscopic cholecystectomy,incidental cases haveincreased and prognosis *** main reason forthis im... 详细信息

关键词： prognosis cancer gallbladder

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Simultaneous analysis of the intestinal parasites and diet through eDNA metabarcoding

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第3期18卷 399-413页

作者： xabier CABODEVILLA Benjamín Juan GÓMEZ-MOLINER Naiara ABAD María JoséMADEIRA Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU)AlavaSpain Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos(IREC)(CSIC-UCLM-JCCM) Ciudad RealSpain

Agricultural expansion and intensiﬁcation are having a huge impact on plant and arthropod diversity and abun-dance,affecting food availability for farmland ***ﬁcult food access,in turn,can lead to immunosuppression and a higher incidence of *** the studies designed to examine changes in the diet of birds and their par-asites,metabarcoding is proving particularly *** technique requires mini-barcodes capable of amplifying the DNA of target organisms from fecal environmental *** help to understand the impact of agricultural expansion on biodiversity,this study sought to design and identify mini-barcodes that might simultaneously as-sess diet and intestinal parasites from the feces of farmland *** capacity to identify diet and parasites of 2 existing and 3 newly developed mini-barcodes was tested“in silico”in relation to the behavior of a reference eukaryotic *** the newly designed mini-barcodes,MiniB18S_81 showed the higher taxonomic cover-age of eukaryotic taxa and a greater ampliﬁcation and identiﬁcation capacity for diet and parasite ***,when it was tested on fecal samples from 5 different steppe bird species,MiniB18S_81 showed high taxonomic resolution of the most relevant diet and parasite phyla,Arthropoda,Nematoda,Platyhelminthes,and Apicomplexa at the order ***,the mini-barcode developed emerges as an excellent tool to simultaneously provide detailed information regarding the diet and parasites of birds,essential for conservation and management.

关键词： biomonitoring broad-spectrum primers eukaryotic mini-barcodes fecal eDNA farmland birds parasitology

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Electro-tribological properties of diamond like carbon coatings

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Friction 2020年第2期8卷 451-461页

作者： Iñigo BRACERAS Iñigo IBÁNEZ Santiago DOMINGUEZ-MEISTER xabier VELASCO Marta BRIZUELA Iñaki GARMENDIA Tecnalia Research&Innovation Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2Donostia-San Sebastian 20009Spain Mechanical Engineering Department University of the Basque Country UPV/EHUPlaza de Europa1Donostia-San Sebastian 20018Spain

Diamond like carbon(DLC)coatings typically present good self-lubricating tribological properties that could be of interest in sliding dielectric contacts in multiple electrical *** this work electro-tribological studies have been performed on several DLC coatings against aluminum in different humidity conditions,in which the coefficients of friction(CoFs)and electrical contact resistance(ECR)were continuously *** show that CoF and ECR data can be linked to the properties of the coatings(thickness,finishing,microstructure,residual stresses,and wettability)and the degradation modes of their tribological and electrical ***,electro-tribological data can provide valuable information about the performance of dielectric coatings,the reasons behind it,and assist in the development of the *** also shows potential for on-line monitoring of coated parts in operation.

关键词： DLC electro-tribology ECR-electrical contact resistance coefficient of friction

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Pitfalls of barcodes in the study of worldwide SARSCoV-2 variation and phylodynamics

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Zoological Research 2021年第1期42卷 87-93页

作者： Jacobo Pardo-Seco Alberto Gómez-Carballa xabier Bello Federico Martinón-Torres Antonio Salas Unidade de Xenética Instituto de Ciencias Forenses(INCIFOR)Facultade de MedicinaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostelaand GenPoB Research GroupInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria(IDIS)Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago(SERGAS)Galicia 15706Spain Genetics Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group(GENVIP)Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago(IDIS)and Universidad de Santiago de Compostela(USC)Galicia 15706Spain Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases Department of PediatricsHospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela(SERGAS)Galicia 15706Spain

DEAR EDITOR,Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genome variation using a minimal number of selected informative sites conforming a genetic barcode presents several *** show that purely mathematical procedures for site selection should be supervised by known phylogeny(i)to ensure that solid tree branches are represented instead of mutational hotspots with poor phylogeographic proprieties,and(ii)to avoid phylogenetic *** propose a procedure that prevents information redundancy in site selection by considering the cumulative informativeness of previously selected sites(as a proxy for phylogenetic-based criteria).This procedure demonstrates that,for short barcodes(e.g.,11 sites),there are thousands of informative site combinations that improve previous *** also show that barcodes based on worldwide databases inevitably prioritize variants located at the basal nodes of the phylogeny,such that most representative genomes in these ancestral nodes are no longer in ***,coronavirus phylodynamics cannot be properly captured by universal genomic barcodes because most SARS-CoV-2 variation is generated in geographically restricted areas by the continuous introduction of domestic variants.

关键词： dynamics properly purely

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Biogeographical informativeness of Y-STR haplotypes

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Science Bulletin 2019年第19期64卷 1381-1384页

作者： Jacobo Pardo-Seco Alberto Gómez-Carballa xabier Bello Federico Martinón-Torres Antonio Salas Unidade de Xenética Instituto de Ciencias Forenses(INCIFOR)Facultade de MedicinaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostelaand GenPoB Research GroupInstitutode Investigaciones Sanitarias(IDIS)Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago(SERGAS)GaliciaSpain Grupo de Investigación en Genética VacunasInfecciones y Pediatría(GENVIP)Universidade de Santiago de Compostelaand Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago(SERGAS)GaliciaSpain

Research on biogeographical ancestry(BGA)is becoming of growing interest in forensic genetics and in the biomedical literature(1)Thus,for instance,the need to predict ethnicity of an unknown suspect based on DNA profiles found at the crime scene is of maximum interest in criminalistics[2],and several autosomal SNP panels have been designed and tested for BGA investigations[3,4].Most of these panels aim at discriminating three main continental groups(sub-Saharan Africans,Europeans,and Asians)by way of testing a number of ancestry informative markers(AIMs)that run from a few dozens to a few hundred[5](see more background in Supplementary data online).

关键词： BGA STR Biogeographical informativeness of Y-STR haplotypes

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Reassessment of Prejanopterus curvirostris, a Basal Pterodactyloid Pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Spain

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2012年第6期86卷 1389-1401页

作者： xabier PEREDA-SUBERBIOLA Fabien KNOLL José Ignacio RUIZ-OMEACA Julio COMPANY Fidel TORCIDA FERNNDEZ-BALDOR Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea Facultad de Cienciay TecnologíaDpto.Estratigrafíay Paleontología Departamento de Paleobiología Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC Museo del Jurásico de Asturias (MUJA) Departamento de Geología Universidad de Oviedo Departamento de Ingeniería del Terreno Universidad Politécnica de Valencia Colectivo Arqueológico-Paleontológico de Salas (C.A.S.) Museo de Dinosaurios

Prejanopterus curvirostra, from the Early Cretaceous of La Rioja province, was the first pterosaur genus and species described from Spain. The material comprises disarticulated cranial and postcranial remains from several individuals. The fossil-bearing bed is assigned to the lacustrine Leza Formation （eastern Cameros Basin, NW margin of the Iberian Range）. This unit is regarded as either Berriasian-Valanginian or Barremian-Aptian. Prejanopterus curvirostris （specific name emended） was originally diagnosed on the basis of several characters of which the most significant was a lateral curvature of the rostrum. Re-examination of the holotype （rostrum） and paratype （partial rostrum with teeth） indicates that there is no genuine sideways bend of the preserved premaxilla-maxilla segments, but a slight dorsal curvature. Prejanopterus is characterized by a unique combination of characters： an emended diagnosis is provided. In contrast with previous estimates, the wing span of Prejanopterus was probably not much （if ever） in excess of 2 m. A phylogenetic analysis suggests that Prejanopterus is a basal pterodactyloid positioned between Pterodactylus and Cycnorhamphus- Gallodactylus. Prejanopterus represents the first evidence of Pterodactylidae in the Early Cretaceous of the Iberian Peninsula.

关键词： Pterosauria Prejanopterus Leza Formation Early Cretaceous La Rioja Spain

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Phylogeography of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Spain:a story of multiple introductions,micro-geographic stratification,founder effects,and super-spreaders

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Zoological Research 2020年第6期41卷 605-620页

作者： Alberto Gomez-Carballa xabier Bello Jacobo Pardo-Seco Maria Luisa Perez del Molino Federico Martinon-Torres Antonio Salas Unidade de Xendtica Instituto de Ciencias Forenses(I NCI FOR)Facultade de MedicinaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostelaand GenPoB Research GroupInstituto de Investigaci6n Sanitaria(IDIS)Hospital Clinico Universitario de Santiago(SERGAS)Galicia 15706Spain Genetics Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group(GENVIP)Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago(IDIS)and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela(USC)Galicia 15706Spain Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases Department of PediatricsHospital Clinico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela(SERGAS)Galicia 15706Spain Servicio de Microbiologia y Parasitologia Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaGalicia15706 Spain

Spain has been one of the main global pandemic epicenters for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Here,we analyzed>41000 genomes(including>26000 high-quality(HQ)genomes)downloaded from the GISAID repository,including 1245(922 HQ)sampled in *** aim of this study was to investigate genome variation of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)and reconstruct phylogeographic and transmission patterns in *** analysis suggested at least 34 independent introductions of SARS-CoV-2 to Spain at the beginning of the *** lineages spread very successfully in the country,probably favored by super-spreaders,namely,A2 a4(7.8%),A2 a5(38.4%),A2 a10(2.8%),B3 a(30.1%),and B9(8.7%),which accounted for 87.9% of all genomes in the Spanish *** distinct feature of the Spanish SARS-Cov-2 genomes was the higher frequency of B lineages(39.3%,mainly B3 a+B9)than found in any other European *** B3 a,B9,(and an important sub-lineage of A2 a5,namely,A2 a5 c)most likely originated in Spain,the other three haplogroups were imported from other European *** B3 a strain may have originated in the Basque Country from a B3 ancestor of uncertain geographic origin,whereas B9 likely emerged in *** time of the most recent common ancestor(TMRCA)of SARS-CoV-2 suggested that the first coronavirus entered the country around 11 February 2020,as estimated from the TMRCA of B3 a,the first lineage detected in the ***,earlier claims that the D614 G mutation is associated to higher transmissibility is not consistent with the very high prevalence of COVID-19 in Spain when compared to other countries with lower disease incidence but much higher frequency of this mutation(56.4% in Spain vs.82.4% in rest of Europe).Instead,the data support a major role of genetic drift in modeling the micro-geographic stratification of virus strains across the country as well as the role of SARS-CoV-2 super-spreaders.

关键词： Covid-19 SARS-CoV-2 Genomics Phylogeny Phylogeography

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