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Residential Energy Scheduling for Variable Weather Solar Energy Based on Adaptive Dynamic Programming

IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2018年第1期5卷 36-46页

作者： Derong Liu Yancai xu Qinglai Wei Xinliang Liu Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China The State Key Laboratory of Manage-ment and Control for Complex Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China The Bureau of Informationization Development Cyberspace Administration of China Beijing 100010 China IEEE

The residential energy scheduling of solar energy is an important research area of smart grid. On the demand side, factors such as household loads, storage batteries, the outside public utility grid and renewable energy resources, are combined together as a nonlinear, time-varying, indefinite and complex system, which is difficult to manage or optimize. Many nations have already applied the residential real-time pricing to balance the burden on their grid. In order to enhance electricity efficiency of the residential micro grid, this paper presents an action dependent heuristic dynamic programming(ADHDP) method to solve the residential energy scheduling problem. The highlights of this paper are listed below. First,the weather-type classification is adopted to establish three types of programming models based on the features of the solar energy. In addition, the priorities of different energy resources are set to reduce the loss of electrical energy ***, three ADHDP-based neural networks, which can update themselves during applications, are designed to manage the flows of electricity. Third, simulation results show that the proposed scheduling method has effectively reduced the total electricity cost and improved load balancing process. The comparison with the particle swarm optimization algorithm further proves that the present method has a promising effect on energy management to save cost.

关键词： Action dependent heuristic dynamic programming adaptive dynamic programming control strategy residential energy management smart grid

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STIFFNESS AND EXCLUDED VOLUME EFFECTS ON CONFORMATION AND DYNAMICS OF POLYMERS:A SIMULATION STUDY

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2012年第3期30卷 350-358页

作者：李安邦 Yuan-gen Yao Hong xu Huazhong Normal Univ Coll Phys Sci&TechnolWuhan 430079Peoples R China Univ Paul Verlaine Metz LPMDICPMF-57078 Metz 3France

This work investigates the effects of the excluded volume and especially those of the chain stiffness on the structural and dynamical properties of a model polymer chain. The theoretical framework is the same as in the recent works by Steinhauser et al., where a Rouse approach is adopted. Our model differs in that our chains have a finite average bending angle. As in the works by Steinhauser et al., Langevin dynamic simulations were performed without hydrodynamic interactions. Whereas this doesn＇t impact the static properties we obtain, it also allows us to compare our results on dynamic properties to those predicted by Rouse theory, where hydrodynamic interactions are also neglected. Our results show that the structural properties are very sensitive to the chain stiffness, whereas the dynamic scaling laws remain the same as those by Rouse theory, with the prefactor depending on the persistence length.

关键词： Scaling laws Polymer Stiffness Excluded volume effects.

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Modeling of microstructure evolution and mechanical properties during hot-strip rolling of Nb steels

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Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing 2008年第4期15卷 396-401页

作者： Yunbo xu Yongmei Yu Xianghua Liu Cruodong Wang State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation Northeastem University Shenyang 110004 China

An integrated metallurgical model was developed for Nb steels to predict the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties during the hot-strip rolling and cooling process. On the basis of the industrial data, the transformation kinetics, strength, and elongation rate were evaluated for different chemical compositions and processing parameters. The yield strength and tensile strength increase with increasing Nb content or decreasing finishing temperature. The bainite distributed in finer ferrite matrix, which is produced at relatively low coiling temperatures, can greatly increase the strength of steel, especially tensile strength, thereby decreasing the yield ratio. A reasonable agreement was found between the predicted and measured results. It indicates that the present models can be used to simulate the actual production process.

关键词： hot-strip rolling transformation microstructure mechanical properties grain size

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Effect of CO_2 partial pressure on SCC behavior of welded X80 pipeline in simulated soil solution

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2011年第1期24卷 65-74页

作者： Ming WU xu CHEN Chuan HE Jun XIAO College of Petroleum Engineering Liaoning Shihua University Eushun 113001 China

The stress corrosion cracking （SCC） behavior of welded X80 pipeline steel in simulated Ku＇erle soil solution was studied by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） and slow strain rate tests （SSRT）. The microstructure of the welded steel was observed by optical microscopy （OM）. It is demonstrated that the microstructure of the weld metal consists of acicular ferrite and grain boundary ferrite, while that of heat affected zone （HAZ） is a mixture of acicular ferrite and bainitic ferrite micro- constituents. The microstructure of the base steel is composed of ferrite and pearlite. The anodic dissolution of X80 pipeline steel in simulated Ku＇erle soil solution could be enhanced and the SCC sensitivity increased with the increase of CO2 partial pressure. The SCC mechanism of X80 pipeline is a mixing mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement combined with anodic dissolution, and the hydrogen embrittlement plays a leading role. The higher SCC sensitivity of the weld metal was attributed to the metallurgical transformation, local hardening and residual stress.

关键词： X80 steel Weld metal CO2 partial pressure SCC

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High Velocity Electric Arc Sprayed Fe-Al-Nb-B Composite Coating and Its Wear Behavior

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2013年第3期26卷 313-320页

作者： Yongxiong CHEN Xiubing LIANG Jinyuan BAI Binshi xu National Engineering Research Center for Mechanical Product Remanufacturing Academy of Armored Forces Engineering National Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing Academy of Armored Forces Engineering

A type of Fe-Al-Nb-B cored wire was designed and the coating was prepared using a robot-based electric wire arc spraying process. The Fe-Al binary cored wire and coating were also prepared as comparison. The phase composition and structure of the coatings were investigated using X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDS） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The coating tribological properties were evaluated with the micromotion wear tester under different conditions. The results show that, although typical lamellar structure was performed for both the arc sprayed Fe-Al-Nb-B coating and Fe-Al coating, the structure composition, mechanical and wear properties of the former are quite different from those of latter. The Fe-Al-Nb-B coating is a typical composite coating, which is distributed inhomogeneously with α-Fe crystalline, FeAl and Fe3Al intermetallics, amorphous and nanocrystallines as well as locally existed oxide phases. As a result, the mircrohardness and wear resistance of the Fe-Al-Nb-B composite coating increased significantly. Finally the mechanism of the coating wear resistant behavior was discussed based on the experimental results such as friction coefficient, two dimensional and three dimensional worn surface profiles.

关键词： Fe-Al-Nb-B coating Structure High velocity electric arc spraying Wear resistance

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Synchrophasor Measurement Method Based on Cascaded Infinite Impulse Response and Dual Finite Impulse Response Filters

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第5期12卷 1345-1356页

作者： Boyu Zhao Hao Liu Tianshu Bi Sudi xu the State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electric Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China the State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Research Institute Nanjing 210036China

High-precision synchronized measurement data with short measurement latency are required for the applications of phasor measurement units(PMUs).This paper proposes a synchrophasor measurement method based on cascaded infinite impulse response(IIR)and dual finite impulse response(FIR)filters,meeting the M-class and P-class requirements in the IEC/IEEE 60255-118-1 standard.A low-group-delay IIR filter is designed to remove out-of-band interference *** FIR filters with different center frequencies are designed to filter out the fundamental negative frequency component and obtain synchrophasor *** ratio of the amplitudes of the synchrophasor is used to calculate the frequency according to the one-to-one correspondence between the ratio of the amplitude frequency response of the FIR filters and the *** shorten the response time introduced by IIR filter,a step identification and processing method based on the rate of change of frequency(RoCoF)is proposed and *** synchrophasor is accurately compensated based on the frequency and the frequency response of the IIR and FIR filters,achieving high-precision synchrophasor and frequency estimates with short measurement *** and experiment tests demonstrate that the proposed method is superior to existing methods and can provide synchronized measurement data for M-class PMU applications with short measurement latency.

关键词： Synchrophasor measurement frequency estimation infinite impulse response filter complex bandpass filter

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Indication from finite-frequency tomography beneath the North China Craton： The heterogeneity of craton destruction

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第9期61卷 1238-1260页

作者： Xiaobing xu Liang ZHAO Kun WANG Jianfeng YANG State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101 China

We picked new traveltime residual datasets in three frequency bands （0.02%）. 1,0.1-0.8, and 0.8-2.0 Hz） for P-waves from 793 teleseismic events and two frequency bands （0.02-0.1 and 0.1-0.8 Hz） for S-waves from 310 teleseismic events, recorded by 389 permanent stations of the China National Seismic Network and 832 broadband stations of 10 temporary arrays deployed in the North China Craton （NCC） region. The final datasets are composed of 65628 P-arrivals and 47050 S-arrivals. Based on previous research and our team＇s 2012 tomographic work, we constructed new three-dimensional P-velocity and S- velocity models of the NCC through some improvements, such as augmenting a much denser station coverage in the western NCC, considering the incident angle effect in crustal correction and using a multi-frequency joint inversion tomographic technique. The new velocity models provide several salient features, from which we draw possible inferences on regional dynamic processes. We observed high-velocity anomalies in the mantle transition zone （MTZ）. Obvious morphological het- erogeneities suggest buckling and/or fragmentation of the subducted Pacific slab, and some of the slab materials are visible below 660-kin discontinuities. The velocity structure of the eastern NCC is dominated by small-scale lateral heterogeneities. At shallow depths, high-velocity anomalies beneath the southern part of the eastern NCC and the Yanshan region likely represent a remnant of cratonic lithosphere, which may suggest that the NCC destruction is spatially non-uniform. We also detected a high-velocity anomaly in the Sulu Orogen extending downward to -300 kin, which is seemingly controlled by the Tan-Lu Fault. The northern boundary of this anomaly spatially coincides with the Yantai-Qingdao-Wulian Fault, and is likely a remnant of the Yangtze cratonic lithosphere subducting northwestward. Significant low-velocity anomalies imaged beneath the central NCC show a spatial discordance between their north

关键词： Upper mantle Mantle transition zone Finite frequency Multi-frequency joint inversion Wet upwellings Weak zones

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Regulating the mesogenic properties of imidazolium salts by modifying N3-substituents

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Science China Chemistry 2015年第12期58卷 1884-1890页

作者： Meng Wang xu Pan Jian Chen Songyuan Dai Anhui Electric Power Design Institute Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells North China Electric Power University

In this study, a series of imidazolium salts with different N3-substituents(3-position: methyl, vinyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl)-based ionic-liquid crystals with iodide as counterion(ILCs) are synthesized and characterized, with the aim of regulating the mesogenic properties of imidazolium salts. The imidazolium salts-based ionic-liquid crystals are characterized by thermal analysis, polarized optical microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and single-crystalline diffraction. Liquid crystalline phase with a Smectic A phase interdigitated bilayer structure is observed. The mesophase temperature range decreases with the increase of the alkyl chain length of N3-substituent. While when vinyl is attached to the N3 position, intermolecular ?-? interactions are formed in adjacent layers, which exert a positive effect on the formation of mesophase. The layer-spacing of imidazolium salts keeps increasing with the increase of the alkyl chain length attached to both the N1 and N3 positions, and gradually decreases with the increasing temperature in liquid crystalline phase. The 1-alkyl-3-vinylimidazolium salt has the smallest layer-spacing, due to the intermolecular ?-? interactions between the vinyl and imidazolium rings in adjacent layers.

关键词： ionic liquid crystals mesogenic properties regulate N3-substituents

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A toxicity-based method for evaluating safety of reclaimed water for environmental reuses

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第10期26卷 1961-1969页

作者： Jianying xu Chuntao Zhao Dongbin Wei Yuguo Du College of Resource Environment and Tourism Capital Normal University State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences

A large quantity of toxic chemical pollutants possibly remains in reclaimed water due to the limited removal efficiency in traditional reclamation processes. It is not enough to guarantee the safety of reclaimed water using conventional water quality criteria. An integrated assessment method based on toxicity test is necessary to vividly depict the safety of reclaimed water for reuse. A toxicity test battery consisting of lethality, genotoxicity and endocrine disrupting effect was designed to screen the multiple biological effects of residual toxic chemicals in reclaimed water. The toxicity results of reclaimed water were converted into the equivalent concentrations of the corresponding positive reference substances（EQC）. Simultaneously, the predicted no-effect concentration（PNEC） of each positive reference substance was obtained by analyzing the species sensitivity distribution（SSD） of toxicity data. An index ＂toxicity score＂ was proposed and valued as 1, 2, 3, or 4 depending on the ratio of the corresponding EQC to PNEC. For vividly ranking the safety of reclaimed water, an integrated assessment index ＂toxicity rank＂ was proposed, which was classified into A, B, C, or D rank with A being the safest. The proposed method was proved to be effective in evaluating reclaimed water samples in case studies.

关键词： Toxicity Safety Water quality Reclaimed water

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Role of NO in Hg^0 oxidation over a commercial selective catalytic reduction catalyst V_2O_5–WO_3/TiO_2

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第12期27卷 126-132页

作者： Ruihui Liu Wenqing xu Li Tong Tingyu Zhu Research Center for Process Pollution Control National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production TechnologyInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province School of Resources and MaterialsNortheastern University at Qinhuangdao Branch

Experiments were conducted in a fixed-bed reactor that contained a commercial catalyst,V2O5-WO3/TiO2,to investigate mercury oxidation in the presence of NO and *** oxidation was improved by NO,and the efficiency was increased by simultaneously adding NO and *** NO and O2 pretreatment at 350°C,the catalyst exhibited higher catalytic activity for Hg^0 oxidation,whereas NO pretreatment did not exert a noticeable *** the reaction temperature boosted the performance of the catalyst treated with NO and *** NO promoted Hg^0 oxidation at the very beginning,excessive NO counteracted this *** results show that NO plays different roles in Hg^0oxidation; NO in the gaseous phase may directly react with the adsorbed Hg^0,but excessive NO hinders Hg^0 *** adsorbed NO was converted into active nitrogen species（e.g.,NO2） with oxygen,which facilitated the adsorption and oxidation of Hg^***^0 was oxidized by NO mainly by the Eley-Rideal *** Hg^0 temperature-programmed desorption experiment showed that weakly adsorbed mercury species were converted to strongly bound ones in the presence of NO and O2.

关键词： Mercury NO Mechanism Selective catalytic reduction catalyst Oxidation Vanadium

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