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Widespread and active piezotolerant microorganisms mediate phenolic compound degradation under high hydrostatic pressure in hadal trenches

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2024年第2期6卷 331-348页

作者： Hao Ling Yongxin Lv Yu Zhang ning‑Yi Zhou Ying xu State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences and School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Oceanography Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China State Key of Laboratory of Ocean Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Phenolic compounds,as well as other aromatic compounds,have been reported to be abundant in hadal trenches.Although high-throughput sequencing studies have hinted at the potential of hadal microbes to degrade these compounds,direct microbiological,genetic and biochemical evidence under in situ pressures remain absent.Here,a microbial consortium and a pure culture of Pseudomonas,newly isolated from Mariana Trench sediments,efficiently degraded phenol under pressures up to 70 and 60 MPa,respectively,with concomitant increase in biomass.By analyzing a high-pressure(70 MPa)culture metatranscriptome,not only was the entire range of metabolic processes under high pressure generated,but also genes encod-ing complete phenol degradation via ortho-and meta-cleavage pathways were revealed.The isolate of Pseudomonas also contained genes encoding the complete degradation pathway.Six transcribed genes(dmpKLMNOP_(sed))were functionally identified to encode a multicomponent hydroxylase catalyzing the hydroxylation of phenol and its methylated derivatives by heterogeneous expression.In addition,key catabolic genes identified in the metatranscriptome of the high-pressure cultures and genomes of bacterial isolates were found to be all widely distributed in 22 published hadal microbial metagenomes.At microbiological,genetic,bioinformatics,and biochemical levels,this study found that microorganisms widely found in hadal trenches were able to effectively drive phenolic compound degradation under high hydrostatic pressures.This information will bridge a knowledge gap concerning the microbial aromatics degradation within hadal trenches.

关键词： Hadal trench High hydrostatic pressure Phenolic compounds degradation Piezotolerant microorganisms Widespread distribution

Modeling load distribution for rural photovoltaic grid areas using image recognition

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Global Energy Interconnection 2024年第3期7卷 270-283页

作者： ning Zhou Bowen Shang Jinshuai Zhang Mingming xu State Grid Henan Electric Power Research Institutte Zhengzhou 450052P.R.China

Expanding photovoltaic(PV)resources in rural-grid areas is an essential means to augment the share of solar energy in the energy landscape,aligning with the“carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”objectives.However,rural power grids often lack digitalization;thus,the load distribution within these areas is not fully known.This hinders the calculation of the available PV capacity and deduction of node voltages.This study proposes a load-distribution modeling approach based on remote-sensing image recognition in pursuit of a scientific framework for developing distributed PV resources in rural grid areas.First,houses in remote-sensing images are accurately recognized using deep-learning techniques based on the YOLOv5 model.The distribution of the houses is then used to estimate the load distribution in the grid area.Next,equally spaced and clustered distribution models are used to adaptively determine the location of the nodes and load power in the distribution lines.Finally,by calculating the connectivity matrix of the nodes,a minimum spanning tree is extracted,the topology of the network is constructed,and the node parameters of the load-distribution model are calculated.The proposed scheme is implemented in a software package and its efficacy is demonstrated by analyzing typical remote-sensing images of rural grid areas.The results underscore the ability of the proposed approach to effectively discern the distribution-line structure and compute the node parameters,thereby offering vital support for determining PV access capability.

关键词： Deep learning Remote sensing image recognition Photovoltaic development Load distribution modeling Power flow calculation

Effect of fore/aft-loaded rotor on compressor stability under inlet circumferential distortion

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第5期37卷 199-213页

作者： Dakun SUN Benhao GU Fangfei ning Dengke xu Xiaofeng SUN School of Energy and Power Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 102206China Research Institute of Aero-engine Beihang UniversityBeijing 102206China

A modified small perturbation stability prediction model for axial compressors with circumferential inlet distortions is established and applied to investigate the effect of fore/aft-loaded rotor on compressor stability under circumferentially distorted inlet conditions.The inlet total pressure distribution downstream of the distortion screen is measured in experiments and employed for simulations which are implemented via time-space spectral method.The stall inception prediction results via the stability model indicate that the compressor with aft-loaded rotor not only performs better in terms of stability under uniform inlet,but also maintains a larger stability margin under circumferentially distorted inlet.The experiments for compressors with fore-loaded and aft-loaded rotor are respectively carried out.The results validate the reliability of numerical simulations and the predicted conclusion that the aft-loaded rotor is beneficial for compressor stability.Besides,the ability of the developed theoretical model for compressor stability prediction under circumferential distortions is confirmed.In addition,dynamic pressure signals at rotor tip measured in experiments illustrate that the circumferential distortion has little effect on the compressor stall pattern.

关键词： Axial compressor stability Inlet distortion Blade loading Small perturbation Time-space spectral method

Effects of operating conditions on iron(hydr)oxides evolution and ciprofloxacin degradation in potassium ferrate-ozone stepwise oxidation system

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 367-378页

作者： Xiaochen Li Yifan Wang ning Wang Mei Li Maomao Bai Jingtao xu Hongbo Wang School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering Shandong Jianzhu UniversityJinan 250101China Resources and Environment Innovation Institute Shandong Jianzhu UniversityJinan 250101China

In this study,a stepwise oxidation system of potassium ferrate(K_(2)FeO_(4))combined with ozone(O+3)was used to degrade ciprofloxacin(CIP).The effects of pH and pre-oxidation time of K_(2)FeO_(4) on the evolution of K_(2)FeO_(4) reduction products(iron(hydr)oxides)and CIP degradation were investigated.It was found that in addition to its own oxidation capacity,K_(2)FeO_(4) can also influence the treatment effect of CIP by changing the catalyst content.The presence of iron(hydr)oxides effectively enhanced the mineralization rate of CIP by catalyzing ozonation.The pH value can influence the content and types of the components with catalytic ozonation effect in iron(hydr)oxides.The K_(2)FeO_(4) pre-oxidation stage can produce more iron(hydr)oxides with catalytic components for subsequent ozonation,but the evolution of iron(hydr)oxides components was influenced by O_(3) treatment.It can also avoid the waste of oxidation capacity owing to the oxidation of iron(hydr)oxides by O_(3) and free radicals.The intermediate degradation products were identified by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(FT-ICR-MS).Besides,the degradation pathways were proposed.Among the degradation products of CIP,the product with broken quinolone ring structure only appeared in the stepwise oxidation system.

关键词： Potassium ferrate reduction products Catalytic ozonation Ciprofloxacin Potassium ferrate pre-oxidation time

Model prediction of inactivation of Aeromonas salmonicida grown on poultry in situ by intense pulsed light

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第2期13卷 1011-1017页

作者： Jingwen Wang Zhenzhen ning Yifan Chen Xinglian xu Huhu Wang Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing Quality and Safety ControlCollege of Food Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors influencing the inactivation effect of intense pulsed light(IPL)on Aeromonas salmonicida grown on chicken meat and skin,and to further develop prediction models of inactivation.In this work,chicken meat and skin inoculated with meat-borne A.salmonicida isolates were subjected to IPL treatments under different conditions.The results showed that IPL had obvious bactericidal effect in the chicken skin and thickness groups when the treatment voltage and time were 7 V combined with 5 s.In addition,the lethality curves of A.salmonicida were fitted under IPL conditions of 3.5-7.5 V.The comparison of statistical parameters revealed that the Weibull model could best fit the mortality curves and could accurately predict the mortality dynamic of A.salmonicida grown on chicken skin.And further a secondary model between the scale factor b and the treatment voltage in Weibull model was established using linear equations,which determined that the secondary model could accurately predict the inactivation of A.salmonicida.This study provides a theoretical basis for future prediction models of Aeromonas,and also provides new ideas for sterilization approaches of meat-borne Aeromonas.

关键词： Aeromonas salmonicida Intense pulsed light Inactivation Chicken meat Model

Microstructures and micromechanical behaviors of high -entropy alloys investigated by synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction techniques: A review

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第6期31卷 1333-1349页

作者： Yubo Huang ning xu Huaile Lu Yang Ren Shilei Li Yandong Wang Beijing Advanced Innovation Center of Materials Genome Engineering State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and MaterialsUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China AnSteel Beijing Research Institute Co.Ltd. Beijing 102200China Spallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan 523803China Department of Physics City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Institute for Materials Intelligent Technology Liaoning Academy of MaterialsShenyang 110004China

High-entropy alloys(HEAs)possess outstanding features such as corrosion resistance,irradiation resistance,and good mechan-ical properties.A few HEAs have found applications in the fields of aerospace and defense.Extensive studies on the deformation mech-anisms of HEAs can guide microstructure control and toughness design,which is vital for understanding and studying state-of-the-art structural materials.Synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction are necessary techniques for materials science research,especially for in situ coupling of physical/chemical fields and for resolving macro/microcrystallographic information on materials.Recently,several re-searchers have applied synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction methods to study the deformation mechanisms,phase transformations,stress behaviors,and in situ processes of HEAs,such as variable-temperature,high-pressure,and hydrogenation processes.In this review,the principles and development of synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction are presented,and their applications in the deformation mechanisms of HEAs are discussed.The factors that influence the deformation mechanisms of HEAs are also outlined.This review fo-cuses on the microstructures and micromechanical behaviors during tension/compression or creep/fatigue deformation and the application of synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction methods to the characterization of dislocations,stacking faults,twins,phases,and intergrain/interphase stress changes.Perspectives on future developments of synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction and on research directions on the deformation mechanisms of novel metals are discussed.

关键词： high-entropy alloys microstructures micromechanical behaviors synchrotron X-ray diffraction neutron diffraction

A Methodology for Assessing Axial Compressor Stability with Inlet Temperature Ramp Distortion

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第3期33卷 856-871页

作者： SUN Dakun GU Benhao ning Fangfei FANG Yibo DONG xu xu Dengke SUN Xiaofeng School of Energy and Power Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing102206China Research Institute of Aero-engine Beihang UniversityBeijing102206China

Based on a small perturbation stability model for periodic flow,the effects of inlet total temperature ramp distortion on the axial compressor are investigated and the compressor stability is quantitatively evaluated.In the beginning,a small perturbation stability model for the periodic flow in compressors is proposed,referring to the governing equations of the Harmonic Balance Method.This stability model is validated on a single-stage low-speed compressor TA36 with uniform inlet flow.Then,the unsteady flow of TA36 with different inlet total temperature ramps and constant back pressure is simulated based on the Harmonic Balance Method.Based on these simulations,the compressor stability is analyzed using the proposed small perturbation model.Further,the Dynamic Mode Decomposition method is employed to accurately extract pressure oscillations.The two parameters of the temperature ramp,ramp rate and Strouhal number,are discussed in this paper.The results indicate the occurrence and extension of hysteresis loops in the rows,and a decrease in compressor stability with increasing ramp rate.Compressor performance is divided into two phases,stable and limit,based on the ramp rate.Furthermore,the model predictions suggest that a decrease in period length and an increase in Strouhal number lead to improved compressor stability.The DMD results imply that for compressors with inlet temperature ramp distortion,the increase of high-order modes and oscillations at the rotor tip is always the signal of decreasing stability.

关键词： axial compressor stability small perturbation model inlet temperature ramp distortion harmonic balance method dynamic mode decomposition method

Multiparameter Numerical Investigation of Two Types of Moving Interactions Between the Deep-Sea Mining Vehicle Track Plate and Seabed Soil:Digging and Rotating Motions

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China Ocean Engineering 2024年第3期38卷 408-423页

作者： SUN Peng-fei LYU Hai-ning YANG Jian-min xu Zhi-yong State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea SCI-TECH Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySanya 572024China Institute of Marine Equipment Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

To ensure the safe performance of deep-sea mining vehicles(DSMVs),it is necessary to study the mechanical characteristics of the interaction between the seabed soil and the track plate.The rotation and digging motions of the track plate are important links in the contact between the driving mechanism of the DSMV and seabed soil.In this study,a numerical simulation is conducted using the coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian(CEL)large deformation numerical method to investigate the interaction between the track plate of the DSMV and the seabed soil under two working conditions:rotating condition and digging condition.First,a soil numerical model is established based on the elastoplastic mechanical characterization using the basic physical and mechanical properties of the seabed soil obtained by in situ sampling.Subsequently,the soil disturbance mechanism and the dynamic mechanical response of the track plate under rotating and digging conditions are obtained through the analysis of the sensitivity of the motion parameters,the grouser structure,the layered soil features and the soil heterogeneity.The results indicate that the above parameters remarkably influence the interaction between the DSMV and the seabed soil.Therefore,it is important to consider the rotating and digging motion of the DSMV in practical engineering to develop a detailed optimization design of the track plate.

关键词： deep-sea mining vehicle rotating motion digging motion track plate-seabed soil interaction CEL numerical method

Direct generation of Zn metal using laser-induced ZnS to eradicate carbon emissions from electrolysis Zn production

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第1期18卷 83-95页

作者： Ying Chen ning Duan Linhua Jiang Fuyuan xu Guangbin Zhu Yao Wang Yong Liu Wen Cheng Yanli xu State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China School of Materials Science and Engineering Anhui University of Science&TechnologyHuainan 232001China

In response to the goal of net-zero emissions proposed by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Chinese government has pledged that carbon emissions will peak by 2030, and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. However, the high carbon energy structure of traditional industries has aggravated environmental problems, such as greenhouse effect and air pollution. The goal of carbon neutrality will be difficult to achieve without the development of disruptive theories and technologies. The electrolytic zinc industry requires high-temperature roasting at ~1000 ℃, generating large amounts of greenhouse gases and SO_(2). High concentrations of sulfuric acid (200 g/L) are subsequently used for electrolysis, and each ton of zinc produced generates 50 kg of anode slime with lead content of up to 16%, as well as 0.35 m3 of wastewater containing zinc and lead. To solve these problems, an optical metallurgy method is proposed in this study. The proposed method uses laser-induced photoreduction to decompose ZnS and reduce metal ions to metal. Results indicate that Zn0 and S8 can be detected on the surface of ZnS at a specific wavelength and laser fluence. The generation mechanism of Zn0 is such that laser induces an electronic transition that breaks ionic bond in ZnS, resulting in its decomposition and photoreduction to Zn0 under an inert argon gas atmosphere. This method does not reduce other metals in the mineral since it does not use high-temperature roasting, providing a new way of producing high-purity metal without greenhouse gas emissions and heavy metal pollution caused by traditional zinc electrolysis.

关键词： Laser metallurgy ZnS Photochemical reduction Zinc