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Einstein Probe discovery of EP240408a: A peculiar X-ray transient with an intermediate timescale

Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 222-240页

作者： Wenda Zhang Weimin Yuan Zhixing Ling Yong Chen Nanda Rea Arne Rau Zhiming Cai Huaqing Cheng Francesco Coti Zelati Lixin Dai Jingwei Hu Shumei Jia Chichuan Jin Dongyue Li Paul O’Brien Rongfeng Shen Xinwen Shu Shengli Sun Xiaojin Sun Xiaofeng Wang Lei Yang Bing Zhang Chen Zhang Shuang-Nan Zhang Yonghe Zhang Jie An David Buckley Alexis Coleiro Bertrand Cordier Liming Dou Rob Eyles-Ferris Zhou Fan Hua Feng Shaoyu Fu Johan P.U.Fynbo Lluis Galbany Saurabh W.Jha Shuaiqing Jiang Albert Kong Erik Kuulkers Weihua Lei Wenxiong Li Bifang Liu Mingjun Liu Xing Liu Yuan Liu Zhu Liu Chandreyee Maitra Alessio Marino Itumeleng Monageng Kirpal Nandra Jeremy Sanders Roberto Soria Lian Tao Junfeng Wang Song Wang Tinggui Wang Zhongxiang Wang Qingwen Wu xuefeng Wu Dong xu Yanjun xu Suijian xue Yongquan xue Zijian Zhang Zipei Zhu Hu Zou Congying Bao Fansheng Chen Houlei Chen Tianxiang Chen Wei Chen Yehai Chen Yifan Chen Chenzhou Cui Weiwei Cui Yanfeng Dai Dongwei Fan Ju Guan Dawei Han Dongjie Hou Haibo Hu Maohai Huang Jia Huo Zhenqing Jia Bowen Jiang Ge Jin Chengkui Li Junfei Li Longhui Li Maoshun Li Wei Li Zhengda Li Tianying Lian Congzhan Liu Heyang Liu Huaqiu Liu Fangjun Lu Laidan Luo Jia Ma xuan Mao Haiwu Pan Xin Pan Liming Song Hui Sun Yunyin Tan Qingjun Tang Yihan Tao Hao Wang Juan Wang Lei Wang Wenxin Wang Yilong Wang Yusa Wang Qinyu Wu Haitao xu Jingjing xu Xinpeng xu Yunfei xu zhao xu Changbin xue Yulong xue Ailiang Yan Haonan Yang Xiongtao Yang Yanji Yang Juan Zhang Mo Zhang Wenjie Zhang Zhen Zhang Zhen Zhang Ziliang Zhang Donghua zhao Haisheng zhao Xiaofan zhao Zijian zhao Hongyan Zhou Yilin Zhou Yuxuan Zhu Zhencai Zhu National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Space Sciences (ICE) CSIC Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics Innovation Academy for Microsatellites Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Physics University of Hong Kong School of Physics and Astronomy University of Leicester School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen University Department of Physics Anhui Normal University Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Physics Department Tsinghua University Nevada Center for Astrophysics University of Nevada Las Vegas Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Nevada Las Vegas South African Astronomical Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Cape Town Department of Physics University of the Free State Université Paris Cité CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie Université Paris Cité CEA Paris-Saclay IRFU/DAp-AIM Department of Astronomy Guangzhou University Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers the State University of New Jersey Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo ESA/ESTEC Department of Astronomy School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino Sydney Institute for Astronomy School of Physics The University of Sydney Department of Astronomy Xiamen University Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal University Department of Astronomy University of Science and Technology School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Institute of Deep Space Sciences Deep Space Exploration Laboratory Department of Astronomy School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chi

We report the discovery of a peculiar X-ray transient,EP240408a,by Einstein Probe （EP） and follow-up studies made with EP,Swift,NICER,GROND,ATCA and other ground-based multiwavelength *** new transient was first detected with Wide-field X-ray Telescope （WXT） on board EP on April 8th,2024,manifested in an intense yet brief X-ray flare lasting for *** flare reached a peak flux of 3.9×10-9erg cm-2s-1in 0.5-4 ke V,～300 times brighter than the underlying X-ray emission detected throughout the *** and more precise follow-up observations by EP/FXT,Swift and NICER confirmed the finding of this new *** X-ray spectrum is non-thermal in 0.5-10 ke V,with a power-law photon index varying *** X-ray light curve shows a plateau lasting for ～4 d,followed by a steep decay till becoming undetectable ～10 d after the initial *** on its temporal property and constraints from previous EP observations,an unusual timescale in the range of 7-23 d is found for EP240408a,which is intermediate between the commonly found fast and long-term *** counterparts have been found in optical and near-infrared,with the earliest observation at 17 h after the initial X-ray detection,suggestive of intrinsically weak emission in these *** demonstrate that the remarkable properties of EP240408a are inconsistent with any of the transient types known so far,by comparison with,in particular,jetted tidal disruption events,gamma-ray bursts,X-ray binaries and fast blue optical *** nature of EP240408a thus remains an *** suggest that EP240408a may represent a new type of transients with intermediate timescales of the order of～10 *** detection and follow-ups of more of such objects are essential for revealing their origin.

关键词： X-ray transients ${\bm~{Einstein~~Probe}}$

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The second moment of GL(3)×GL(2)L-functions at special points from GL(3)forms

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Frontiers of Mathematics in China 2020年第5期15卷 1071-1088页

作者： zhao xu School of Mathematics Shandong UniversityJinan 250100China

For a fixed even SL(2,Z)Hecke-Maass form f,we get an estimate for the second moment of L(s,φj×f)at special points,whereφj runs over an orthogonal basis of Hecke-Maass cusp forms for SL3(Z).

关键词： Rankin-Selberg L-functions Hecke-Maass forms Kuznetsov trace formula

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Computation of the cohomology rings of Kac-Moody groups, their flag manifolds and classifying spaces

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Frontiers of Mathematics in China 2022年第3期17卷 437-454页

作者： xu-an zhao School of Mathematical Sciences Beijing Normal UniversityKey Laboratory of Mathematics and Complex SystemsMinistry of EducationBeijing 100875China

In this paper we introduce the history and present situation of the computation of the cohomology rings of Kac-Moody groups,their flag manifolds and classifying spaces,and give some problems and conjectures that deser... 详细信息

关键词： Kac-Moody groups flag manifolds classifying spaces cohomology rings spectral sequences

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A New Zero-density Result of L-functions Attached to Maass Forms

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2011年第6期27卷 1149-1162页

作者： zhao xu School of Mathematics Shandong University Ji'nan 250100 P. R. China

Let f denote a normalized Maass cusp form for SL（2, Z）, which is an eigenfunction of all the Hecke operators T（n） as well as the reflection operator T-1： z →z. We obtain a zero-density result of the L-function a... 详细信息

关键词： Zero-density automorphic forms L-functions

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Maps from a Simply Connected Space to Flag Manifold G/T

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2004年第6期20卷 1131-1134页

作者： xu An zhao Department of Mathematics Beijing Normal University

In this paper the classification of maps from a simply connected space X to a flag manifold G/T is *** an application,the structure of the homotopy set for self-maps of flag manifolds is determined.

关键词： Flag manifold Self-maps Principal fibration Adams maps

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A Comparison of Corrosion Behavior in Saline Environment: Rare Earth Metals (Y, Nd, Gd, Dy) for Alloying of Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2013年第9期29卷 781-787页

作者： xu zhao Ling-ling Shi Jian xu Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

Rare earth （RE） metals are widely used as the alloying implants. However, corrosion behavior of pure RE elements in biodegradable magnesium alloys as medical metals not only in physiological media but also in chlorinated saline environment is not well understood. In the present work, the RE metals Y, Nd, Gd and Dy are selected to investigate their corrosion behavior in 0.1 mol/L NaCI solution with immersion and electrochemistry techniques. As indicated, corrosion of the currently investigated RE metals is promoted in the order of Dy, Y, Gd and Nd. In terms of electrochemical response, such a sequence correlates with the increased impedance and the decreased corrosion rate （CR）. These RE metals manifest weak ability for passivation in the native surface. Then, reaction with aqueous solution easily happens through the anodic dissolution and cathodic hydrogen evolution. The corrosion products, RE（OH）3, adhered on the surface of RE metals, do not have an appreciable power to resist the reaction proceeding with corrosive chloride ions. In contrast to pure Mg, the RE metals, including Y, Nd, Gd and Dy, exhibit significantly fragile corrosion resistance in saline media. Therefore, with the curr correlation of corrosion resistance between RE-contain ent findings, it is impossible to reveal a well-defined ng Mg alloy and RE metal itself

关键词： Rare earth Biodegradable metal Magnesium alloy Corrosion behavior

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Nickel phosphide on Ni foam as anode and peroxymonosulfate as the chemical oxidizer for effective direct urea fuel cell

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第12期33卷 84-91页

作者： Jingwei Hao Shen zhao Ran Mao xu zhao Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The direct urea fuel cell(DUFC) is a low cost and competitive approach for contemporaneous urine or urea-contaminated wastewater treatment and electricity generation. However,the lack of efficient urea oxidation reaction(UOR) electrocatalysts and suitable electron acceptors remains a challenge for practical applications. Here, we developed a DUFC system using Ni2 P@Ni foam as the anode and peroxymonosulfate(PMS) as the chemical *** Ni2 P@Ni foam anode showed a high oxidation activity for UOR with an onset potential of 0.30 V vs. Ag/Ag Cl and Tafel slope of 34.4 m V/dec. PMS with high theoretical potential improved the cell voltage to 1.43 V. A power density of DUFC up to 4.91 m W/cm2 was achieved using PMS at room temperature, which was approximately twice as high as using H2 O2(2.38 m W/cm2). NiII/NiⅢwas the redox active species on the Ni2 P anode in the DUFC process, and NiIIwas electrochemically oxidized to NiⅢ, which reverted to NiII by urea reduction. When real human urine was used as the fuel, a power density of 4.46 m W/cm2 can be achieved at room temperature. This DUFC with high cell performance showed potential application in urea wastewater treatment.

关键词： Direct urea fuel cell(DUFC) Ni2P Peroxymonosulfate Urine

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Seismic stability of jointed rock slopes under obliquely incident earthquake waves

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2018年第3期17卷 527-539页

作者： Huang Jingqi zhao Mi xu Chengshun Du Xiuli Jin Liu zhao xu School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Security and Disaster Engineering of Ministry of Education Beijing University of Technology

Seismic stability of slopes has been traditionally analyzed with vertically propagated earthquake ***,for rock slopes,the earthquake waves might approach the outcrop still with a evidently oblique *** investigate the impact of obliquely incident earthquake excitations,the input method for SV and P waves with arbitrary incident angles is conducted,respectively,by adopting the equivalent nodal force method together with a viscous-spring ***,the input method is introduced within the framework of ABAQUS software and verified by a numerical *** SV and P waves input are considered herein for a 2 D jointed rock *** the jointed rock mass,the jointed material model in ABAQUS software is employed to simulate its behavior as a *** of the study show that the earthquake incident angles have significance on the seismic stability of jointed rock *** larger the incident angle,the greater the risk of slope ***,the stability of the jointed rock slopes also is affected by wave types of earthquakes heavily.P waves induce weaker responses and SV waves are shown to be more critical.

关键词： jointed rock slope seismic stability obliquely incident waves P and SV waves

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Bi-level Optimal Planning of Voltage Regulator in Distribution Systems Considering Maximization of Incentive-based Photovoltaic Energy Integration

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2023年第6期9卷 2008-2017页

作者： xu xu Youwei Jia Chun Sing Lai Minghao Wang zhao xu Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina Department of Electrical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SARChina Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University Key Laboratory of Advanced Wireless Communications of Guangdong ProvinceSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 515100China Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Brunel Institute of Power SystemsBrunel University LondonLondonUB83PH United Kingdom Department of Electrical Engineering Shenzhen Research InstituteThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SARChina

This paper focuses on optimal voltage regulator(VR)planning to maximize the photovoltaic(PV)energy integration in distribution *** describe the amount of dynamic PV energy that can be integrated into the power system,the concept of PV accommodation capability(PVAC)is introduced and modeled with *** proposed planning model is formulated as a Benders decomposition based bi-level stochastic optimization *** the upper-level problem,VR planning decisions and PVAC are determined via mixed integer linear programming(MILP)before considering *** in the lower-level problem,the feasibility of first-level results is checked by critical network constraints(*** magnitude constraints and line capacity constraints)under uncertainties considered by time-varying loads and PV *** this paper,these uncertainties are represented in the form of operational scenarios,which are generated by the Gaussian copula theory and reduced by a well-studied backward-reduction *** modified IEEE 33-node distribution grid is utilized to verify the effectiveness of the proposed *** results demonstrate that a PV energy integration can be significantly enhanced after optimal voltage regulator planning.

关键词： Bi-level stochastic optimization problem critical network constraints photovoltaic energy integration uncertainties voltage regulator planning

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Current status and progresses of SSRF project

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2008年第1期19卷 1-6页

作者： xu Hongjie zhao Zhentang Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), a third generation light source, comprises a 3.5GeV electron storage ring, a full energy booster, a 150 MeV linac, and seven beamlines in Phase I of the project. Beginning at the end of 2004 with a groundbreaking ceremony, the accelerators were installed in ten months from November 2006, and were successfully tested and commissioned in the past a couple of months. On December 21, 2007, storing electron beams in the storage ring was realized, and the first synchrotron radiations were observed three days later on the front-end of Beamline BL16B of the facility. Now, it runs 3 GeV 100 mA beams with a lifetime of 8~10 hours. Meanwhile, construction of the first seven beamlines (five ID beamlines and two bending magnet beamlines) is progressing on schedule.

关键词：原子核物理同步加速器直线加速器试运行

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