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Grey water footprint for global energy demands

Frontiers of Earth Science 2020年第1期14卷 201-208页

作者： jing MING Xiawei LIAO xu ZHAO Chengdu University of Information Technology School of Atomospheic SciencesChengdu 610225China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Environment and Energy Peking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen 518055China College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education College of EnvironmentHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China

With a Multi-Regional Input-Output model,this study quantifies global final energy demands’grey water footprint(GWF)based on the latest available data.In 2009,9.10 km^3 of freshwater was required to dilute the pollutants generated along the life-cycle supply chain of global energy final demands to concentrations permitted by relevant environmental regulations.On a national level,final energy demands in China,USA,India,Japan,and Brazil required the largest GWF of 1.45,1.19,0.79,0.51,and 0.45 km^3 respectively,while European countries have the highest energy demands GWF per capita.From the producer perspective,the largest GWF was generated in BRIC countries,i.e.5 Russia(1.54 km^3),China(1.35 km^3),India(0.92 km^3)and Brazil(0.56 km^3)to support global final energy demands.Because of global trading activities,a country or region’s final energy demands also give rise to water pollutants beyond its territorial boundaries.Cyprus,Greece,Luxembourg,and Malta almost entirely rely on foreign water resources to dilute water pollutants generated to meet their final energy demands.Energy demands in BRIC countries have the least dependency on external water resources.On a global average,56.9%of GWF for energy demands was generated beyond national boundaries.Energy demands in the global north are inducing water pollutions in the global south.

关键词： water-energy nexus water pollution water footprint multi-regional input-output analysis

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许景澄与晚清海防建设

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社会科学家 2010年第2期25卷 148-151页

作者：贾菁菁南开大学历史学院天津300071

晚清海军初创,驻外公使许景澄接负重任,在德国勘验定远、镇远、济远三舰,主持订购并参与设计经远、来远二舰。甲午战后,北洋海军重建,又再度领命在德购舰。许景澄上疏《条陈海军应办事宜》,锐意革新海防;亲诣船厂考求船制,辑著《外国师... 详细信息

晚清海军初创,驻外公使许景澄接负重任,在德国勘验定远、镇远、济远三舰,主持订购并参与设计经远、来远二舰。甲午战后,北洋海军重建,又再度领命在德购舰。许景澄上疏《条陈海军应办事宜》,锐意革新海防;亲诣船厂考求船制,辑著《外国师船表》十二卷,对晚清海防建设助益匪浅。

关键词：许景澄晚清海防购舰

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Temperature field simulation of polyolefin-absorber mixture by FDTD-FDM model during microwave heating

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020年第11期28卷 2900-2917页

作者： Xiaodong jing Hao Wen Zhihong xu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Process Pollution ControlInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

This work has performed a numerical simulation of the temperature field during microwave heating of polyolefin-absorber mixture by means of a combined electric and thermal model.A finite difference time domain was used to model the electric field distribution within the cavity,while the finite difference method was used to calculate the temperature field distribution in different reactors.This study has focused only on the process from room temperature to 500 K for reducing heating time and energy consumption.This temperature range is a process with high energy consumption,difficult to control and great influence on the follow-up reaction.Temperature dependence of dielectric properties and thermal properties of heated materials are fully considered and simulated through an iterative process.The simulation results show that input power,the size and location of the heated materials,the position of the waveguide,and the kinds of microwave absorbers are important factors affecting the heating process.As a result,the uniform temperature distribution(the temperature difference Tdb10 K)can be achieved by choosing the appropriate input power(500–2000 W),the appropriate proportion of microwave absorber(the volume ratio of Si C to HDPE is 30:70),and combining with the moving and rotating of the heated materials.The uniform temperature field obtained without mechanical stirring is very important for reducing energy consumption and subsequent reactions.

关键词： Microwave heating Temperature field Finite difference time domain Finite difference method

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Medicine together with humanities and media: An MHM model to move forward for health communication studies

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2020年第S01期7卷 1-3页

作者： Zhenyi Li jing xu School of Communication and Culture Royal Roads UniversityCanada School of Journalism and Communication Peking UniversityChina

When Wilbur Schramm attempted to connect the established departments of journalism and speech into a new discipline called"communication studies",his invitation was criticized as being without a core set of theories and methodologies and the field of"communication studies"was viewed as too undefined,all-inclusive,and even chaotic to justify its standing as a discipline at all[1].Today,most of these doubts and critics disappeared when we witness the 80-year fruitful development of the"communication studies".Schramm titled his seminal book"Men&Women,Messages and Media"to summarize and highlight the necessity of including multiple disciplines to participate the"communication studies"[2].

关键词： doubt communication media

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Highly efficient visible photocatalytic disinfection and degradation performances of microtubular nanoporous g-C3N4 via hierarchical construction and defects engineering

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第14期47卷 133-143页

作者： jing xu Zhouping Wang Yongfa Zhu State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China Department of Chemistry Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Herein,microtubular nanoporous g-C3N4(TPCN)with hierarchical structure and nitrogen defects was prepared via a facile self-templating approach.On one hand,the hexagonal tubular structure can facilitate the light reflection/scattering,provide internal/external active sites,and endow the electron with oriented transfer channels.The well-developed nanoporosity can result in large specific surface area and abundant accessible channels for charge migration.On the other hand,the existence of nitrogen vacancies can improve the light harvesting(>450 nm)and prompt charge separation by acting as the shallow charge traps.More NHxgroups in g-C3N4 framework can promote the interlayer charge transport by generating hydrogen-bonding interaction between C3N4 layers.Therefore,TPCN possessed highly efficient visible photocatalytic performances to effectively inactivate Escherichia coli(E.coli)cells and thoroughly mineralize organic *** with the optimum bactericidal efficiency can completely inactivated5×10^6 cfu mL^-1 of E.coli cells after 4 h of irradiation treatment,while about 74.4%of E.coli cells were killed by bulk g-C3N4(BCN).Meanwhile,the photodegradation rate of TPCN towards methylene blue,amaranth,and bisphenol A were almost 3.1,2.5 and 1.6 times as fast as those of BCN.Furthermore,h^+and·O2^- were the reactive species in the photocatalytic process of TPCN system.

关键词： g-C3N4 photocatalyst Hierarchical structure Nitrogen defects Disinfection Degradation

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Mobility-Aware Multi-Task Migration and Offloading Scheme for Internet of Vehicles

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2023年第6期32卷 1192-1202页

作者： LI xujie TANG jing xu Yuan SUN Ying College of Computer and Information Hohai University State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Key Lab for Wireless Sensor Network and Communication Shanghai Institute of Microsystem School of Information Engineering Jiangsu Open University

In Internet of vehicles, vehicular edge computing(VEC) as a new paradigm can effectively accomplish various tasks. Due to limited computing resources of the roadside units(RSUs), computing ability of vehicles can be a powerful supplement to computing resources. Then the task to be processed in data center can be offloaded to the vehicles by the RSUs. Due to mobility of the vehicles, the tasks will be migrated among the RSUs. How to effectively offload multiple tasks to the vehicles for processing is a challenging problem. A mobility-aware multi-task migration and offloading scheme for Internet of vehicles is presented and analyzed. Considering the coupling between migration and offloading, the joint migration and offloading optimization problem is formulated. The problem is a NP-hard problem and it is very hard to be solved by the conventional methods. To tackle the difficult problem, the idea of alternating optimization and divide and conquer is introduced. The problem can be decoupled into two sub-problems: computing resource allocation problem and vehicle node selection problem. If the vehicle node selection is given, the problem can be solved based on Lagrange function. And if the allocation of computing resource is given, the problem turns into a 0-1 integer programming problem, and the linear relaxation of branch bound algorithm is introduced to solve it. Then the optimization value is obtained through continuous iteration. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve system performance.

关键词： Vehicular edge computing Task offloading Task migration

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Soil Carbon Sequestration Potential as Affected by Management Practices in Northern China:A Simulation Study

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Pedosphere 2014年第4期24卷 529-543页

作者： WANG Guo-Cheng WANG En-Li HUANG Yao xu jing-jing State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry(LAPC) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences CSIRO Land & Water Black MountainCanberraACT 2601(Australia) State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change(LVEC) Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences

Soil has been identified as a possible carbon(C) sink for sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_2).However,soil organic carbon(SOC) dynamics in agro-ecosystems is affected by complex interactions of various factors including climate,soil and agricultural management practices,which hinders our understanding of the underlying mechanisms.The objectives of this study were to use the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator(APSIM) model to simulate the long-term SOC dynamics under different management practices at four long-term experimental sites,Zhengzhou and xuzhou with double cropping systems and Gongzhuling and Uriimqi with single cropping systems,located in northern China.Firstly,the model was calibrated using information from the sites and literature,and its performance to predict crop growth and SOC dynamics was examined.The calibrated model was then used to assess the impacts of different management practices,including fertilizer application,irrigation,and residue retention,on C dynamics in the top 30 cm of the soil by scenario modelling.Results indicate a significant SOC sequestration potential through improved management practices of nitrogen(N) fertilizer application,stubble retention,and irrigation.Optimal N fertilization(N_(opt)) and 100%stubble retention(R100) increased SOC by about 11.2%,208.29%,and 283.67%under irrigation at Gongzhuling,Zhengzhou,and xuzhou,respectively.Soil organic carbon decreased rapidly at(U|¨)rumqi under irrigation,which was due to the enhanced decomposition by increased soil moisture.Under rainfed condition,SOC remained at a higher level.The combination of N_(opt) and R100 increased SOC by about 0.46%under rainfed condition at Uriimqi.Generally,agricultural soils with double cropping systems(Zhengzhou and xuzhou) showed a greater potential to sequester C than those with single cropping systems(Gongzhuling and(U|¨)r(u|¨)mqi).

关键词：土壤有机碳系统模拟器农业管理中国北方固碳潜力农业生态系统灌溉条件秸秆覆盖

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Efficacy of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in pediatric hematology/oncology patients:a real-world study

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第10期19卷 1017-1021页

作者： jing Miao jing-Ying Zhang Juan Liang Fen-Ying Zhao Hua Song Wei-Qun xu Yong-Min Tang Xiao-Jun xu Qiang Shu Children’s Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China National Clinical Research Center for Child Health HangzhouChina

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has been spreading globally since its initial outbreak in 2019.Substantial evidence has revealed that children who are receiving antitumor therapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)present higher rates of severe illness and mortality[1].It is important to identify infected children with hematology and oncology diseases who have the tendency to develop worse outcomes of coronal virus disease 2019(COVID-19)during the early stage of COVID-19.Recent studies have demonstrated that vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in adults can reduce the likelihood of infection and reduce the severity and mortality of COVID-19 when SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection occurs[2,3,4].However,the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in children with hematology and oncology diseases is poorly defined due to the lack of relevant data,which might lead to vaccine hesitancy[5,6].

关键词： vaccination mortality respiratory

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Drop impact dynamic and directional transport on dragonfly wing surface

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Friction 2023年第5期11卷 737-747页

作者： jing xu Wenjun LIU Weixiao SHANG Jun CHEN Jiadi LIAN School of Mechanical Engineering Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou 310018China School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana 47907USA College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering China Jiliang UniversityHangzhou 310018China

The ability of dragonflies to fly in the rain without being wetted by raindrops has motivated researchers to investigate the impact behavior of a drop on the superhydrophobic wings of dragonflies.This superhydrophobic surface is used as a reference for the design of directional surfaces and has attracted extensive attention owing to its wide applicability in microfluidics,self-cleaning,and other fields.In this study,the static contact angle and rebound process of a drop impacting a dragonfly wing surface are investigated experimentally,whereas the wetting pressure,Gibbs free energy,and Stokes number vs.coefficient of restitution are theoretically calculated to examine the dynamic and unidirectional transport behaviors of the drop.Results show that the initial inclination angle of the dragonfly wing is similar to the sliding angles along with the drop sliding.The water drop bounces from the bottom of the dragonfly wing to the distal position,demonstrating directional migration.The drop impacts the dragonfly wing surface,and the drop exhibits compression,recovery,and separation phases;in these three phases,the drop morphology evolves.As the Gibbs free energy and cross-sectional area evolve,the coefficient of restitution decreases as the drop continues to bounce,and the Stokes number increases.

关键词： dragonfly wing superhydrophobic wettability directional transport bounce

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Robust Polystyrene/Fluorinated Silica Superhydrophobic Composite Coatings with Rapid Curing at Room Temperature Prepared by One-Step Spraying

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2023年第6期20卷 2742-2754页

作者： Yong Wang Lihua Yu Junhua xu Kai jing Ningxin Mao School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology2 Mengxi RoadZhenjiang CityJiangsu ProvinceChina

Superhydrophobic materials are severely limited in their applications due to their weak mechanical properties and complex preparation process.In this paper,polystyrene/fluorinated silica(PS/SiO_(2))superhydrophobic composite coatings were prepared on the surface of 304 stainless steel using a simple one-step spraying method.The effects of different PS contents on the wettability as well as the wear properties of the samples were investigated.SiO_(2) was encapsulated in polystyrene to form a structure similar to cement encapsulated stones.With the addition of PS,a mound-like structure was formed on the sample surface,and a more optimized micro–nano structure was obtained when the content of PS was 0.6 g.At this time,the sample exhibited excellent wettability with a contact angle of 157.86°and a sliding angle of 0.84°.In addition,the contact angle of 151.09°was achieved after 180 cm of friction under a 100 g load and the composite coating prepared by this method also has excellent chemical stability,water impact resistance,corrosion resistance,and self-cleaning properties.This opens up new possibilities for the development of simple and robust superhydrophobic materials.

关键词： Superhydrophobic Room temperature curing Mechanical durability Corrosion resistance Self-cleaning

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