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Separation and characterization of petroleum asphaltene fractions by ESI FT-ICR MS and UV-vis spectrometer

Science China Chemistry 2013年第7期56卷 856-862页

作者： WANG ShanShan YANG Chuang xu chunming ZHAO SuoQi SHI Quan State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum

Using heptane, toluene, and tetrahydrofuran （THF） as eluant, asphaltenes were fractionated into five fractions based on their polarity and solubility. The molecular composition of polar heteroatom species in both asphaltene and its fractions were ana- lyzed by negative-ion electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry （ESI FT-ICR MS）. The application of UV-vis spectrometer in characterizing asphaltene composition and measuring asphaltene concentration was discussed. About 11.9 wt% asphaltene components adsorbed permanently on silica gel in the extrography column after exces- sive elution with various solvents. In negative FT-ICR MS, the mass spectra show that acidic and neutral nitrogen-containing compounds such as N1 and NIS1 mainly existe in the first three less polar fractions, while oxygen-containing compounds such as 02, O2S, O2S2, 03, and 04 show high relative abundance in more polar fractions. These results suggest oxygen-containing compounds have stronger adsorption ability with silica gel. It was observed that the double bond equivalence （DBE） distribu- tion of N1 class species in the fractions shifted to higher values while the carbon number shifted to smaller numbers as polarity of fractions increased. This indicates that acidic and neutral Nl compounds with longer carbon chain and less aromaticity have less polarity compared with those with shorter carbon chain and stronger aromaticity. UV-vis absorbance indicats that fractions containing the most aromatic and most polar asphaltene have better absorbance at long wavelength, while the fractions that consist of least aromatic and least polar asphatlenes show high absorbance at short wavelength.

关键词： asphaltene FT-ICR MS UV-vis heavy oil

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Effects of Calcination Temperature on the Acidity and Catalytic Performances of HZSM-5 Zeolite Catalysts for the Catalytic Cracking of n-Butane

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2005年第4期14卷 213-220页

作者： Jiangyin Lu Zhen Zhao chunming xu Aijun Duan Pu Zhang State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

The acidic modulations of a series of HZSM-5 catalysts were successfully made by calcination at different treatment temperatures, i.e. 500, 600, 650, 700 and 800 ℃, respectively. The results indicated that the total acid amounts, their density and the amount of B-type acid of HZSM-5 catalysts rapidly decreased, while the amounts of L-type acid had almost no change and thus the ratio of L/B was obviously enhanced with the increase of calcination temperature （excluding 800 ℃）. The catalytic performances of modified HZSM-5 catalysts for the cracking of n-butane were also investigated. The main properties of these catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, N2 adsorption at low temperature, NH3-TPD, FTIR of pyridine adsorption and BET surface area measurements. The results showed that HZSM-5 zeolite pretreated at 800 ℃ had very low catalytic activity for n-butane cracking. In the calcination temperature range of 500-700 ℃, the total selectivity to olefins, propylene and butene were increased with the increase of calcination temperature, while, the selectivity for arene decreased with the calcination temperature. The HZSM-5 zeolite calcined at 700 ℃ produced light olefins with high yield, at the reaction temperature of 650 ℃ the yields of total olefins and ethylene were 52.8% and 29.4%, respectively. Besides, the more important role is that high calcination temperature treatment improved the duration stability of HZSM-5 zeolites. The effect of calcination temperature on the physico-chemical properties and catalytic performance of HZSM-5 for cracking of n-butane was explored. It was found that the calcination temperature had large effects on the surface area, crystallinity and acid properties of HZSM-5 catalyst, which further affected the catalytic performance for n-butane cracking.

关键词： HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst acidic modification calcination temperature n-butane catalytic cracking olefin

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Conformance control by a microgel in a multi-layered heterogeneous reservoir during CO_(2) enhanced oil recovery process

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2022年第3期35卷 324-334页

作者： Zheyu Liu Jian Zhang Xianjie Li chunming xu Xin Chen Bo Zhang Guang Zhao Han Zhang Yiqiang Li State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China College of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China China National Offshore Oil Corporation Research Institute CNOOCBeijing 100028China School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)QingdaoShandong 266580China

Injecting CO_(2)into the underground for oil displacement and shortage is an important technique for carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS).One of the main problems during the CO_(2)injection is the channeling *** an effective method for the gas channeling plugging is a critical issue in the CO_(2)EOR *** this work,an acid-resistance microgel named dispersed particle gel(DPG)was characterized and its stability was tested in the CO_(2)*** microgel size selection strategies for the homogeneous and heterogeneous reservoirs were respectively investigated using the single core flooding and three parallel core flooding ***,the comparison of microgel alternate CO_(2)(MAC)injection and water alternate CO_(2)(WAC)injection in the dual core flooding experiments were presented for the investigation of the role of microgel on the conformance control in CO_(2)flooding *** results have shown that the microgel featured with ANH and CAN groups can keep its morphology after aging 7 days in the CO_(2)***,the small microgel with unobstructed migration and large microgel with good plugging efficiency for the high permeability zone were respectively featured with the higher recovery factor in homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions,which indicate they are preferred used for the oil displacement and conformance *** to WAC injection,MAC injection had a higher incremental recovery factor of 12.4%.It suggests the acid-resistance microgel would be a good candidate for the conformance control during CO_(2)flooding process.

关键词： Carbon dioxide Microgels Enhanced oil recovery Conformance control Porous media

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Fluorination Intensifying Oxygen Evolution Reaction for High-Temperature Steam Electrolysis

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Energy Material Advances 2023年第1期4卷 210-219页

作者： Guangdong Li Yunjie Gou Rongzheng Ren chunming xu Jinshuo Qiao Wang Sun Zhenhua Wang Kening Sun Beijing Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Source and Green Catalysis School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingPeople's Republic of China

Solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs)have emerged as one of the most potent techniques for hydrogen *** the restricted step for SOEC,as well as the most predominant obstacle to the scaled application,oxygen evolution reaction(OER)should be urgently accelerated by developing potent *** inferior electrochemical activity to cobalt-based materials,perovskite ferrites exhibit great potential in the future with regard to good intrinsic stability and durability,abundant reserves,and good compatibility with other SOEC *** this work,fluorination is introduced to the typical perovskite ferrite to further intensify the OER *** initio calculations combined with physical-chemical characterizations are performed to reveal the *** doped F^(−)leads to debilitating the strength of the metal-oxygen bond and then reduces the energy for oxygen vacancy formation and ion migration,which renders improvements to sub-processes of OER on the *** well-verified material,PrBaFe_(2)O_(5+δ)F_(0.1)(PBFOF),exhibited a low polarization resistance of 0.058Ωcm^(-2).Single cells based on PBFOF showed a high current density of 2.28 A cm^(-2) at 750°C under 1.3 *** work provides a clear insight into the mechanism of fluorination on perovskites and high-activity anode material for SOEC.

关键词： perovskite Oxygen durability

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Facies Architecture Model of the Shimentan Formation Pyroclastic Rocks in the Block-T Units, Xihu Sag, East China Sea Basin, and its Exploration Significance

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2019年第4期93卷 1076-1087页

作者： DAI Xiaojuan TANG Huafeng ZHANG Tao ZHAO Pengjiu xu chunming KONG Tan ZHAO Tianliang WANG Pujun Collegeof Earth Sciences Jilin UniversityChangchun130061China Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Evaluation in Northeast Asia Ministry of Land and ResourcesChangchun 130061China Key Lab for Evolution of Past life and Environment in Northeast Asia Ministry of EducationChangchun 130026China Shanghai Branch of CNOOC Ltd. Shanghai 200030China

A gas field consisting of volcanic reservoir rocks was discovered in the block-T units of the Xihu Sag,East China Sea *** lithology of the volcanic rocks is dominated by tuff and reworked *** lithofacies are dominated by base surge deposits of explosive *** the architecture model of volcanic facies is still uncertain,it has restricted the exploration and development of mineral resources in this *** core and cuttings data,the lithology,lithofacies,geochemistry as well as grain size characteristics of volcanic rocks were *** on these analyses,the volcanic rocks in the well section are divided into three eruptive *** transport direction of each volcanic eruption is analyzed using crystal fragment size *** facies architecture of the block-T units was established based on the reconstruction results of *** results show that the drilling reveals proximal facies(PF)and distal facies(DF)of the volcanic ***,the crater-near crater facies(CNCF)are not *** with the reservoirs of the Songliao Basin,it is shown that the volcanic rocks in the Xihu Sag have good exploration potential;a favorable target area is the CNCF near the contemporaneous fault.

关键词： volcanic rocks Shimentan Formation facies architecture eruptive stage East China Sea Basin

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High-efficiency separation and extraction of naphthenic acid from high acid oils using imidazolium carbonate ionic liquids

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2022年第1期35卷 252-259页

作者： Fenghua Geng Rui Zhang Luo Wu Zheng Tang Han Liu Haiyan Liu Zhichang Liu chunming xu Xianghai Meng State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China

N-alkyl imidazolium carbonate ionic liquids were employed to separate and recover naphthenic acid from model *** effects of the cationic and anionic structures of ionic liquids and operating conditions on the deacidification performance were *** deacidification performance of traditional organic solvents was also investigated for *** results indicated that the naphthenic acid could be completely removed from the model oil with a small mass ratio of ionic liquid to *** extracted naphthenic acid was regenerated with a recovery of up to 92%.In addition,imidazolium carbonate ionic liquids could be successfully regenerated and *** mechanism of interaction between imidazole ionic liquids and the naphthenic acid molecules were explained by Gauss calculation.

关键词： Extraction Ionic liquid Naphthenic acid Recovery Computational chemistry

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DISPERSION AND NUCLEATION FOR ULTRAFINE PARTICLES OF SILICA AND SILICATE IN POLY(ETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE) BASED COMPOSITES

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China Particuology 2003年第6期1卷 247-252页

作者： Yangchuan Ke Tianbin Wu Cunji Yan chunming xu State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing University of PetroleumBeijing 102200P.R.China

In this paper, the dispersion and nucleation behavior of ultrafine particles of silica and layered silicate (LS) in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) matrix are investigated and characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Wide Angle X-ray Diffraction (WAXD), Dynamic Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The solid precursors based on silica and LS are suggested originally for preparing nanocomposites with good dispersion morphology. Results show that the initial sub-micron (1000~500 nm) LS particles are exfoliated or dispersed into nanometer-scale particles (30~70 nm) during their polymerization with PET monomers. These dispersed nanoparti-cles form an ordered morphology in their nucleation and growth during annealing nanocomposites. DSC patterns reveal that the double melting peaks of annealed PET-LS nanocomposites disappear, while they have shrunken in PET-silica ones. These findings strongly demonstrate that the dispersed nanoparticles accelerate the crystallization of PET. The dispersed LS particles have higher percolation and nucleation performance than those of silica. The homogeneous distribution morphology of ultrafine particles is easily obtained by controlling the load of their cor-responding precursors. Such a dispersion obviously improves PET properties in that its heat distortion temperature (HDT) increases from 76℃ to 103℃, and crystallization increases 2~4 times more than that of PET. Especially, the nanocom-posite films keep themselves transparent when particle load is within 2 wt.% though there are 3 wt.% or so of agglomer-ated particles in the nanocomposites.

关键词： silica layered silicate solid precursor dispersion, nucleation PET

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CFD Simulation on Ethylene Furnace Reactor Tubes

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Petroleum Science 2006年第2期3卷 73-80页

作者： Lan Xingying xu chunming Gao Jinsen Zhang Hongmei State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Department of Petrochemical Engineering Daqing Petroleum Institute Heilongjiang 131400 China

Different mathematical models for ethylene furnace reactor tubes were reviewed. On the basis of these models a new mathematical simulation approach for reactor tubes based on computational fluid dynamics （CFD） technique was presented. This approach took the flow, heat transfer, mass transfer and thermal cracking reactions in the reactor tubes into consideration. The coupled reactor model was solved with the SIMPLE algorithm. Some detailed information about the flow field, temperature field and concentration distribution in the reactor tubes was obtained, revealing the basic characteristics of the hydrodynamic phenomena and reaction behavior in the reactor tubes. The CFD approach provides the necessary information for conclusive decisions regarding the production optimization, the design and improvement of reactor tubes, and the new techniques implementation.

关键词： Reactor tube thermal cracking reaction flow mathematical simulation computational fluid dynamics

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Chloroaluminate ionic liquid catalyzed isomerization of n-pentane in the presence of product distribution improver

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Petroleum Science 2011年第2期8卷 219-223页

作者： Xia Rong＇an Zhang Rui Meng Xianghai Liu Zhichang Meng Jiaying xu chunming State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

The ionic liquid Et3NHC1-2AIC13 can catalyze the isomerization of n-pentane. This paper investigates the ionic liquid catalyzed isomerization performance of n-pentane with several product distribution improvers in an autoclave. The product distribution of n-pentane isomerization could be improved by such improvers as benzene, cyelohexane, and methyl cyclohexane at the expense of conversion of n-pentane. The optimal product distribution improver was determined to be cyclohexane. The yield of isomerate and the selectivity of liquid isoalkanes increased, whereas the conversion of n-pentane decreased, with increasing cyclohexane amount. At the same conversion of n-pentane, the research octane number （RON） of liquid product, with cyclohexane amount of 0.5 wt%, was about 1.3 higher than that without cyclohexane. At the same reaction conditions, the presence of cyclohexane enhanced the yield of isomerate, the selectivity of liquid isoalkanes, and the RON of the liquid product, but reduced the conversion of n-pentane.

关键词： Isomerization ionic liquid improver pentane cyclohexane

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Sn and Y co-doped BaCo_(0.6)Fe_(0.4)O_(3)-δcathodes with enhanced oxygen reduction activity and CO_(2) tolerance for solid oxide fuel cells

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2022年第5期33卷 2658-2662页

作者： Nan Han Rongzheng Ren Minjian Ma chunming xu Jinshuo Qiao Wang Sun Kening Sun Zhenhua Wang Beijing Key Laboratory for Chemical Power Source and Green Catalysis School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Applying mixed oxygen ionic and electronic conducting(MIEC)oxides as the cathode offers a promis-ing solution to enhance the performance of solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs).However,the phase instability in CO_(2)-containing air and sluggish oxygen reduction activity of MIEC cathodes remain a long-term chal-lenge for optimizing the electrochemical performance of ***,a heterovalent co-doping strategy is proposed to enhance the oxygen reduction activity and CO_(2)tolerance of SOFCs cathodes,which can be demonstrated by developing a novel BaCo_(0.6)Fe_(0.4)O_(3)-δ(BCF)-based MIEC oxide,BaCo_(0.6)Fe_(0.2)Sn_(0.1) Y_(0.1)O_(3-δ)(BCFSY).In addition to improving the stability of BCF-based perovskites,this strategy achieves an opti-mized balance of ionic mobility and oxygen vacancies due to the synergies between the effects of the *** with single-doped materials,BCFSY exhibits improved CO_(2)tolerance and consider-ably higher ORR activity,which is reflected in a significantly lower polarization resistance of 0.15Ωcm^(2) at 600℃.The results of this work provide an efficient tactic for designing electrode materials for SOFCs.

关键词： Solid oxide fuel cells Cathode Heterovalent co-doping Oxygen ion conduction Oxygen vacancy formation

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