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Large language models and brain-inspired general intelligence

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National Science Review 2023年第10期10卷 6-7页

作者： bo xu Mu-ming Poo Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Center for Excellence for Brain Science and Intelligence Technology

The emergence of large language models(LLMs) such as ChatGPT/GPT-4 and their stunning performance in generative tasks heralds the beginning of a new era of artificial general intelligence(AGI).The LLMs have shown amazing generalization ability in natural language processing,computer vision and other generative tasks [1].These models point to a feasible approach for developing AGI.To a large extent,they have passed the classical Turing test and their capability is still growing without an upper bound identified.

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Toward tunable shape memory effect of NiTi alloy by grain size engineering:A phase field study

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第1期168卷 276-289页

作者： bo xu Chong Wang Qingyuan Wang Failure Mechanics and Engineering Disaster Prevention Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering College of Architecture and EnvironmentSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Key Laboratory of Deep Underground Science and Engineering (Sichuan University)Ministry of EducationChengdu 610065China

The inelastic deformations of shape memory alloys(SMAs)always show poor controllability due to the avalanche-like martensite transformation,and the effective control for the deformation of precision de-vices has been not yet mature.In this work,the phase field method was used to investigate the shape memory effects(SMEs)of NiTi SMAs undergoing grain size(GS)engineering,to obtain tunable one-way and stress-assisted two-way SMEs(OWSME and SATWSME).The OWSME and SATWSME of the systems with various gradient-nanograin structures and bimodal grain structure,as well as that with geometric gradients were simulated.The simulated results indicate that due to the GS dependences of martensite transformation and reorientation,the occurrence and expansion of martensite reorientation,martensite transformation and its reverse can be efficaciously controlled via the GS engineering.When combining the GS engineering and geometric gradient design,since the effects of GS and stress gradient can be su-perimposed or competing,and the responses of martensite reorientation,martensite transformation and its reverse to this are different,the OWSME and SATWSME of the geometrically graded systems with various nanograin structures can exhibit different improvements in controllability.In short,the reorienta-tion hardening modulus during OWSME is increased and the transformation temperature window during SATWSME is widened by GS engineering,indicating the improved controllability of SMEs.The optimal GS engineering schemes revealed in this work provide the basic reference and guidance for designing tun-able SMEs and producing NiTi-based driving devices catering to desired functional performance in various engineering fields.

关键词： Phase field NiTi Shape memory effect Grain size engineering Geometric gradient

Engineering multifunctional bioactive citrate-based biomaterials for tissue engineering

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第1期19卷 511-537页

作者： Min Wang Peng xu bo Lei Honghui Hospital Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710000China Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research College of StomatologyXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710000China Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710000China State-Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710000China State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710000China

Developing bioactive biomaterials with highly controlled functions is crucial to enhancing their applications in regenerative medicine.Citrate-based polymers are the few bioactive polymer biomaterials used in biomedicine because of their facile synthesis,controllable structure,biocompatibility,biomimetic viscoelastic mechanical behavior,and functional groups available for modification.In recent years,various multifunctional designs and biomedical applications,including cardiovascular,orthopedic,muscle tissue,skin tissue,nerve and spinal cord,bioimaging,and drug or gene delivery based on citrate-based polymers,have been extensively studied,and many of them have good clinical application potential.In this review,we summarize recent progress in the multifunctional design and biomedical applications of citrate-based polymers.We also discuss the further development of multifunctional citrate-based polymers with tailored properties to meet the requirements of various biomedical applications.

关键词： Bioactive materials Bioactive polymers Citrate-based biomaterials Multifunctional modification Tissue engineering

On-board torque management approach to the E-COSM benchmark problem with a prediction-based engine assignment

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Control Theory and Technology 2022年第2期20卷 173-184页

作者： bo Zhang Jiangyan Zhang Fuguo xu Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences Faculty of Science and TechnologySophia UniversityTokyo 102-8554Japan College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Dalian Minzu University.Dalian 116600LiaoningChina

This paper proposes an energy management strategy for the benchmark problem of E-COSM 2021 to improve the energy efficiency of hybrid electric vehicles(HEVs)on a road with a slope.We assume that HEVs are in a connected environment with real-time vehicle-to-everything information,including geographic information,vehicle-to-infrastructure information and vehicle-to-vehicle information.The benchmark problem to be solved is based on HEV powertrain control using traffic information to achieve fuel economy improvements while satisfying the constraints of driving safety and travel time.The proposed strategy includes multiple rules and model predictive control(MPC).The rules of this strategy are designed based on external environment information to maintain safe driving and to determine the driving mode.To improve fuel economy,the optimal energy management strategy is primarily considered,and to perform real-time energy management via RHC-based optimization in a connected environment with safety constraints,a key issue is to predict the dynamics of the preceding vehicle during the targeted horizon.Therefore,this paper presents a real-time model-based optimization strategy with learning-based prediction of the vehicle’s future speed.To validate the proposed optimization strategy,a powertrain control simulation platform in a traffic-in-the-loop environment is constructed,and case study results performed on the constructed platform are reported and discussed.

关键词： Hybrid powertrain control Connected and automated vehicles Vehicle-to-everything Benchmark problem

A Knowledge-enhanced Two-stage Generative Framework for Medical Dialogue Information Extraction

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第1期21卷 153-168页

作者： Zefa Hu Ziyi Ni Jing Shi Shuang xu bo xu School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

This paper focuses on term-status pair extraction from medical dialogues(MD-TSPE),which is essential in diagnosis dia-logue systems and the automatic scribe of electronic medical records(EMRs).In the past few years,works on MD-TSPE have attracted increasing research attention,especially after the remarkable progress made by generative methods.However,these generative methods output a whole sequence consisting of term-status pairs in one stage and ignore integrating prior knowledge,which demands a deeper un-derstanding to model the relationship between terms and infer the status of each term.This paper presents a knowledge-enhanced two-stage generative framework(KTGF)to address the above challenges.Using task-specific prompts,we employ a single model to com-plete the MD-TSPE through two phases in a unified generative form:We generate all terms the first and then generate the status of each generated term.In this way,the relationship between terms can be learned more effectively from the sequence containing only terms in the first phase,and our designed knowledge-enhanced prompt in the second phase can leverage the category and status candidates of the generated term for status generation.Furthermore,our proposed special status"not mentioned"makes more terms available and en-riches the training data in the second phase,which is critical in the low-resource setting.The experiments on the Chunyu and CMDD datasets show that the proposed method achieves superior results compared to the state-of-the-art models in the full training and low-re-sourcesettings.

关键词： Medical dialogue understanding information extraction text generation knowledge-enhanced prompt low-resource setting dataaugmentation

Mechanically Strong Heterogeneous Catalysts via Immobilization of Powderous Catalysts to Porous Plastic Tablets

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2021年第10期39卷 2673-2678页

作者： Tingting Li bo xu Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and BiotechnologyDonghua UniversityShanghai201620 China

Main observation and conclusion We describe a practical and general protocol for immobilization of heterogeneous catalysts to mechanically robust porous ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene tablets using inter-facial Lifshitz-van der Waals Interactions.Diverse types of powderous catalysts,including Cu,Pd/C,Pd/Al2O3,Pt/C,and Rh/C have been immobilized successfully.The immobilized catalysts are mechanistically robust towards stirring in solutions,and they worked well in diverse synthetic reactions.The immobilized catalyst tablets are easy to handle and reused.Moreover,the metal leaching of immobilized catalysts was reduced significantly.

关键词： Heterogeneous catalysts Solution-phase chemistry Immobilization Porous plastic tablets Metal leaching Main observation

A label-free lateral offset spliced coreless fiber MZI biosensor based on hydrophobin HGFI for TNF-α detection

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Optoelectronics Letters 2022年第5期18卷 263-268页

作者： WANG bo DUAN Shaoxiang ZHANG Hao xu Haijin LIU bo QIAO Mingqiang The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology Ministry of EducationNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Institute of Modern Optics Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network TechnologyNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China School of Life Science Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China1

A real-time label-free lateral offset spliced coreless fiber(CF)Mach-Zehnder interferometer(MZI)biosensor functionalized with hydrophobin Grifola frondosa I(HGFI)was proposed for the detection of cytokine tumour necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α).The nanolayer self-assembled on the optical fiber surfaces by HGFI rendered the immobilization of probe TNF-αantibody and recognition of antigen TNF-α.Trifluoroacetic acid was utilized to remove the HGFI layer from the glass surface,which was validated by field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM)and water contact angle(WCA).Results demonstrated that the processes of HGFI modification,antibody immobilization and specific antibody detection can be monitored in real time.The proposed biosensor exhibited good specificity,repeatability and low detection limit for TNF-α,extending its application in inflammation and disease monitoring.

关键词： fiber interferometer offset

Changes in the detection of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 gene(Her-2)status for Her-2 fluorescent in situ hybridization testing

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第7期135卷 849-850页

作者： Ying xu Changjun Wang Yali xu bo Pan Qiang Sun Department of Breast Surgery Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China

Breast cancer(BC)is among the commonly diagnosed malignancies,which displaced lung cancer to become the most leading diagnosed cancer worldwide in 2020.^([1])Approximately 15%to 20%of BC patients are positive for the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 gene(Her-2)and exhibits a high degree of malignancy.However,the definition of Her-2 positivity remains controversial and fluctuating.

关键词： cancer lung Breast

Establishing environmental background values of selected trace elements and environmental quality assessment of fi negrained sediments in the Jiaozhou Bay catchment,China

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第4期41卷 1444-1453页

作者： Fangjian xu xu TIAN Xianchao WANG Xiaoming WAN bo CHEN College of Marine Science Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228China Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province Haikou 570228China Qingdao Marine Comprehensive Proving Ground Co. Ltd.Qingdao 266000China Shandong Coalfield Geophysical Prospecting and Surveying Team Jinan 250104China Haikou Center of Marine Geological Survey Haikou 571127China Marine Geological Institute of Hainan Province Haikou 570206China

With the development of economy,the impact of human activities on ecological environment is increasing,and environmental protection work is important.Trace elements(Co,Ni,Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Cr,and Sc)in surface fi ne-grained sediment samples from the Jiaozhou Bay catchment were selected to evaluate their 2015 environmental background values and the environmental quality.Using statistical analysis,the environmental background values(ranges)of Sc,Co,Ni,Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,and Cr were calculated,being 13.1(10.8-15.4),12.4(8.6-16.2),32.0(22.9-41.2),29.6(13.5-64.9),24.1(13.0-44.6),77.6(38.5-156.5),0.07(0.02-0.20),and 82.5(66.5-104.0)mg/kg,respectively.The enrichment factor,contamination factor,and pollution load index were used to evaluate the pollution status of the Jiaozhou Bay catchment.The environmental background values of most elements are higher than those of the upper continental crust and lower than those of global shale.At present,the pollution in the eastern Jiaozhou Bay is much higher than that in the western part.The results shall be helpful for future management for trace element pollution monitoring in the Jiaozhou Bay catchment.

关键词： sediments environmental background values environmental assessment contamination Jiaozhou Bay