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A High Resolution Emission Inventory of Domestic Burning in Rural Region of Northeast China Based on Household Consumption

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Chinese Geographical Science 2020年第5期30卷 921-933页

作者： ZHAO Hongmei YANG Guangyi xiu aijun ZHANG Xuelei Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of Sci-encesChangchun 130102China University of Chinese Academy of Science Bejing 100049China

Domestic burning emits large amounts of pollutants into the ambient air due to incomplete and inefficient combustion, with significant impacts on indoor air quality and human health. Northeast China is one of the major contributors to domestic burning emissions in China;however, the high-resolution emissions inventories of domestic biomass and coal burning in Northeast China are lacked, which are needed to estimate the extent of its impact. In this study, we established a town-level emissions inventory of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter(PM) from domestic biomass and coal burning, based on per household consumption in each town in rural region of Northeast China. The results revealed that biomass burning was the major domestic burning source over the region in 2016. Domestic biomass burning is the major contributor to PM and volatile organic compounds(VOCs) emissions, while coal burning is the major contributor to SO2 emissions. High emissions intensities were concentrated around the cities of Harbin, Suihua, Changchun, Qiqihar, and Chifeng, each with emissions intensity for PM2.5 and VOCs of more than 2000 Mg per 27 km × 27 km grid cell. Additionally, there are three burning peaks(6-7 am, 12 pm and 4-7 pm) during both the heating(from October to April) and non-heating seasons(from May to September), due to cooking and heating. The burning peaks in the non-heating season were more notable than those in the heating season. These results suggest that the government should pay more attention to domestic biomass and coal burning in rural areas, in order to reduce pollutant emissions and control regional haze during the heating season.

关键词： residential emission particulate matter(PM) source contribution indoor air pollution spatiotemporal distribution

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Inventory of Atmospheric Pollutant Emissions from Burning of Crop Residues in China Based on Satellite-retrieved Farmland Data

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Chinese Geographical Science 2020年第2期30卷 266-278页

作者： LI Ruimin CHEN Weiwei ZHAO Hongmei WU Xuewei ZHANG Mengduo TONG Daniel Q xiu aijun Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130102China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Center for Spatial Information Science and Systems George Mason UniversityFairfax VA 22030USA Cooperative Institute for Climate&Satellites University of MarylandMD 20740USA

The burning of crop residues emits large quantities of atmospheric aerosols.Published studies have developed inventories of emissions from crop residue burning based on statistical data.In contrast,this study used satellite-retrieved land-cover data(1 km×1 km)as activity data to compile an inventory of atmospheric pollutants emitted from the burning of crop residues in China in 2015.The emissions of PM10,PM2.5,VOCs,NOx,SO2,CO,and NH3 from burning crop straw on nonirrigated farmland in China in 2015 were 610.5,598.4,584.4,230.6,35.4,3329.3,and 36.1 Gg(1 Gg=109 g),respectively;the corresponding emissions from burning paddy rice residues were 234.1,229.7,342.3,57.5,57.5,1122.1,and 21.5 Gg,respectively.The emissions from crop residue burning showed large spatial and temporal variations.The emissions of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants from crop residue burning in nonirrigated farmland were highest in east China,particularly in Shandong,Henan,Anhui,and Sichuan provinces.Emissions from burning paddy rice residue were highest in east and central China,with particularly high levels in Shandong,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,and Hunan provinces.The monthly variations in atmospheric pollutant emissions were similar among different regions,with the highest levels observed in October in north,northeast,northwest,east,and southwest China and in June and July in central and south China.The developed inventory of emissions from crop residue burning is expected to help improve air quality models by providing high-resolution spatial and temporal data.

关键词： crop residue burning land-cover data particular matter(PM) gaseous pollutants emission inventory

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Regional Characteristics and Causes of Haze Events in Northeast China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2018年第5期28卷 836-850页

作者： CHEN Weiwei ZHANG Shichun TONG Quansong ZHANG Xuelei ZHAO Hongmei MA Siqi xiu aijun HE Yuexin Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of Sciences

Northeast China experiences severe atmospheric pollution, with an increasing occurrence of heavy haze episodes. However, the underlying forces driving haze formation during different seasons are poorly understood. In this study, we explored the spatio-temporal characteristics and causes of haze events in Northeast China by combining a range of data sources(i.e., ground monitoring, satellite-based products, and meteorological products). It was found that the ‘Shenyang-Changchun-Harbin(SCH)'city belt was the most polluted area in the region on an annual scale. The spatial distribution of air quality index(AQI) values had a clear seasonality, with the worst pollution occurring in winter, an approximately oval-shaped polluted area around western Jilin Province in spring, and the best air quality occurring in summer and most of the autumn. The three periods that typically experienced intense haze events were Period I from mid-October to mid-November(i.e., late autumn and early winter), Period II from late-December to February(i.e., the coldest time in winter), and Period III from April to mid-May(i.e., spring). During Period I, strong PM_(2.5) emissions from seasonal crop residue burning and coal burning for winter heating were the dominant reasons for the occurrence of extreme haze events(AQI > 300). Period II had frequent heavy haze events(200 < AQI < 300) in the coldest months of January and February, which were due to high PM_(2.5) emissions from coal burning and vehicle fuel consumption, a lower atmospheric boundary layer, and stagnant atmospheric conditions. Haze events in Period III, with high PM_(10) concentrations, were primarily caused by the regional transportation of windblown dust from degraded grassland in central Inner Mongolia and bare soil in western Jilin Province. Local agricultural tilling could also release PM_(10) and enhance the levels of windblown dust from tilled soil. Better control of coal burning, fuel consumption, and crop residue burning in winter and autumn is urgently needed to address

关键词：特征和地区性事件中国东北原因 PM2.5 空气质量

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Comprehensive and high-resolution emission inventory of atmospheric pollutants for the northernmost cities agglomeration of Harbin-Changchun,China:Implications for local atmospheric environment management

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第6期33卷 150-168页

作者： Mengduo Zhang Weiwei Chen Xiangjin Shen Hongmei Zhao Chengkang Gao Xuelei Zhang Wei Liu Chengjiang Yang Yang Qin Shichun Zhang Jing Fu Daniel Tong aijun xiu Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130102China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Northeastern University School of Metallurgy Shenyang 110819China Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Environmental Sciences Harbin 150090China Jilin Provincial Ecological Environment Monitoring Center Changchun 130012China Center for Spatial Information Science and Systems George Mason UniversityFairfaxVA 22030USA Cooperative Institute for Climate&Satellites University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20740USA

Using a bottom-up estimation method,a comprehensive,high-resolution emission inventory of gaseous and particulate atmospheric pollutants for multiple anthropogenic sectors with typical local sources has been developed for the Harbin-Changchun city agglomeration(HCA).The annual emissions for CO,NO_(x),SO_(2),NH_(3),VOC S,PM_(2.5),PM 10,BC and OC during 2017 in the HCA were estimated to be 5.82 Tg,0.70 Tg,0.34 Tg,0.75 Tg,0.81 Tg,0.67 Tg,1.59 Tg,0.12 Tg and 0.26 Tg,respectively.For PM 10 and SO_(2),the emissions from industry processes were the dominant contributors representing 54.7%and 49.5%,respectively,of the total emissions,while 95.3%and 44.5%of the total NH_(3)and NO x emissions,respectively,were from or associated with agricultural activities and transportation.Spatiotemporal distributions showed that most emissions(except NH_(3))occurred in November to March and were concentrated in the central cities of Changchun and Harbin and the surrounding cities.Open burning of straw made an important contribution to PM_(2.5)in the central regions of the northeastern plain during autumn and spring,while domestic coal combustion for heating purposes was significant with respect to SO_(2)and PM_(2.5)emissions during autumn and winter.Furthermore,based on Principal Component Analysis and Multivariable Linear Regression model,air temperature,relative humidity,electricity and energy consumption,and the urban and rural population were optimized to be representative indicators for rapidly assessing the magnitude of regional atmospheric pollutants in the HCA.Such indicators and equations were demonstrated to be useful for local atmospheric environment management.

关键词： Anthropogenic emissions Inventory Air quality Atmospheric pollution Environmental management Northern China

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东北地区大气污染物源排放时空特征:基于国内外清单的对比分析

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地理科学 2020年第11期40卷 1940-1948页

作者：张萌铎陈卫卫高超张学磊姜怡冰修艾军中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所湿地生态与环境重点实验室吉林长春130102 中国科学院大学北京100049

基于国内外4类常用的污染源排放清单数据(EDGAR:全球大气研究排放数据库;CEDS:社区排放数据系统;MIX:亚洲排放清单;PKU-FUEL:全球燃料排放数据),对东北区域5类人为排放源(工业源、能源、交通运输源、生活民用源和农业源)的8种污染物(PM... 详细信息

基于国内外4类常用的污染源排放清单数据(EDGAR:全球大气研究排放数据库;CEDS:社区排放数据系统;MIX:亚洲排放清单;PKU-FUEL:全球燃料排放数据),对东北区域5类人为排放源(工业源、能源、交通运输源、生活民用源和农业源)的8种污染物(PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NOx、NMVOCs、NH3、OC和BC)从排放总量、来源贡献和时空分布特征等方面进行对比分析。结果表明:东北污染物排放主要以SO2、NOx和NMVOCs为主,工业、能源和交通运输为主要贡献源;PM2.5和PM10主要来自生活民用源和工业源,贡献率前者大于后者。辽宁省污染物(除NH3外)排放最大,其次为黑龙江省、吉林省和内蒙古东四盟市,冬季排放强度明显高于其他季节。NH3主要来自农业源,排放峰值发生在5~7月;各清单间排放总量和来源贡献差异明显,EDGAR和PKU清单对NH3估算差异度为170.3%;SO2、NOx、BC和OC的排放差异度均在30%以上。不同活动水平和排放因子的使用是造成清单差异的主要原因。本研究可以掌握东北污染状况,了解清单差异,为本地化清单工作开展提供研究方向,同时也可为模式模拟合理选择清单数据提供参考。

关键词： PM2.5 NH3 空气质量数值模拟活动水平排放因子

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Expert consensus on blood pressure management in critically ill patients

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2023年第3期3卷 185-203页

作者： Yuetian Yu Ye Gong Bo Hu Bin Ouyang aijun Pan Jinglun Liu Fen Liu xiu-Ling Shang Xiang-Hong Yang Guowei Tu Changsong Wang Shaolin Ma Wei Fang Ling Liu Jiao Liu Dechang Chen Department of Critical Care Medicine Renji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200001China Department of Critical Care Medicine Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China Department of Critical Care Medicine Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071HubeiChina Department of Critical Care Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of SunYatsen UniversityGuangzhou 510080GuangdongChina Department of Critical Care Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Science and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230001AnhuiChina Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Department of Critical Care Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330000JiangxiChina Department of Critical Care Medicine Fujian Provincial HospitalShengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical UniversityFujian Provincial Center for Critical Care MedicineFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care MedicineFuzhou 350001 FujianChina Department of Intensive Care Unit Emergency&Intensive Care Unit CenterZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalAffiliated People's HospitalHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou 310014 ZhejiangChina Cardiac Intensive Care Center Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Department of Critical Care Medicine the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001HeilongjiangChina Department of Critical Care Medicine Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200120China Department of Critical Care Medicine Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityShandong First Medical UniversityJinan250014 ShandongChina Department of Critical Care Medicine Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care MedicineZhongda HospitalSchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjing210009 JiangsuChina Depart

Introduction For critically ill patients with unstable hemodynamics,goal‑directed therapy for arterial blood pressure is needed with continuous daily bedside monitoring.The prevalence of hypertension in Chinese adults is 25.2%,of which 1–2%of patients may experience a hypertensive emergency,with a mortality rate of 6.9%in the acute phase.The mortality and readmission rates within 90 days of onset are as high as 11%.[1]Furthermore,the mortality rate for patients who experience hypertensive emergencies can reach 50%within 12 months of the incident.[2]The incidence of perioperative hypertension in patients undergoing cardiac surgery is approximately 50%,with this figure dropping to 25%for non-cardiac surgery.Surgery may increase the incidence of perioperative cardio-cerebrovascular adverse events by 3–5%.[3]

关键词： patients mortality hypertensive

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吉林省秸秆打包减排及综合利用分析研究

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环境科学与管理 2018年第4期43卷 8-13页

作者：杨光义赵红梅鲍秋阳童全松张学磊张世春陈卫卫修艾军中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所中国科学院湿地生态与环境重点实验室吉林长春130102 中国科学院大学北京100049 吉林省环境科学研究院吉林长春130012

为量化秸秆打包政策对防控大气污染的影响,基于吉林省2016年秸秆产量、秸秆打包地亩数、卫星火点数据以及大气污染物浓度的变化,对吉林省秸秆打包产生的大气环境及社会经济效益进行了分析,结果表明:1)吉林省打包秸秆量为220.36×10~4t,... 详细信息

为量化秸秆打包政策对防控大气污染的影响,基于吉林省2016年秸秆产量、秸秆打包地亩数、卫星火点数据以及大气污染物浓度的变化,对吉林省秸秆打包产生的大气环境及社会经济效益进行了分析,结果表明:1)吉林省打包秸秆量为220.36×10~4t,约占秸秆年产量的5.5%,假如全部加工成生物质颗粒燃料,2016年至少减少14.54×10~4t污染物排放;2)吉林省秸秆打包政策执行以来,秸秆露天燃烧量及秸秆燃烧主要月份的卫星火点数显著下降;3)随着露天燃烧量的减少,区域大气颗粒物浓度降低,空气质量改善。秸秆燃烧主要月份的PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)浓度从2014年的104.5μg·m^(-3)、164μg·m^(-3)分别下降到2016年的48.5μg·m^(-3)、69·μg·m^(-3)。研究结果可为吉林省有效减少污染物排放、综合利用农作物秸秆、改善大气环境质量等提供科技支撑。

关键词：秸秆打包污染物排放大气环境吉林省

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作物养分管理的农机农艺结合技术研究进展

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中国农业科学 2022年第21期55卷 4211-4224页

作者：米国华霍跃文曾爱军李刚华王秀张福锁中国农业大学资源与环境学院中国农业大学理学院南京农业大学资源与环境学院国家农业信息化工程技术研究中心

养分高效管理是农业绿色发展的重大需求。随着农业规模化经营和耕作栽培技术的发展，养分管理技术与施肥机具之间农机农艺不匹配的问题日益明显，如何实现养分管理中农艺技术与农机操作的有机结合，成为农业绿色发展亟需解决的关键问题... 详细信息

养分高效管理是农业绿色发展的重大需求。随着农业规模化经营和耕作栽培技术的发展，养分管理技术与施肥机具之间农机农艺不匹配的问题日益明显，如何实现养分管理中农艺技术与农机操作的有机结合，成为农业绿色发展亟需解决的关键问题。本文分析了我国养分管理农机农艺结合技术的研究现状及发展方向，提出高效施肥技术需要用适宜的施肥机械作保障，肥料新产品研发需要新的施肥机械，栽培耕作方式变革对农业机械产生新的需求，施肥机械化需要智能化提升，同时肥料产品和施肥技术研发需要考虑机械的可行性。针对东北春玉米、华北冬小麦-夏玉米及南方水稻种植体系的主要养分管理特点，阐述了我国在玉米启动肥及种肥同播技术、玉米秸秆覆盖条带耕作技术、小麦机械化追肥技术、水稻机械化侧深施肥技术及机械化变量施肥技术等方面的研究进展，对如何促进农机农艺结合、提升我国农田养分管理技术水平提出了建议。

关键词：小麦玉米水稻养分管理施肥机械农机农艺结合农业绿色发展

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老年女性体质指数变化与高糖血症关系的五年随访研究

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中国全科医学 2020年第30期23卷 3781-3784页

作者：刘秀张爱军科宇湖北省武汉市武昌医院 430061

背景糖尿病是临床常见病之一,相关研究发现高体质量人群常存在空腹血糖升高,但高体质量是否与高糖血症存在关系鲜有研究。目的探讨老年女性体质指数(BMI)变化与高糖血症的关系。方法选取2012年1—12月于武汉市武昌医院老年病科就诊的符... 详细信息

背景糖尿病是临床常见病之一,相关研究发现高体质量人群常存在空腹血糖升高,但高体质量是否与高糖血症存在关系鲜有研究。目的探讨老年女性体质指数(BMI)变化与高糖血症的关系。方法选取2012年1—12月于武汉市武昌医院老年病科就诊的符合研究标准的65~76岁绝经女性300例。依据入组时空腹血糖将受试者分为血糖正常组(空腹血糖≤5.0 mmol/L,n=200)和预期血糖增高组(空腹血糖>5.0~0.05);预期血糖增高组基线BMI、基线收缩压、基线空腹血糖、基线三酰甘油高于血糖正常组(P0.05);预期血糖增高组随访截止时BMI、收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖高于血糖正常组(P<0.05)。随访截止时,共32例受试者发生高糖血症。最大似然估计结果显示,BMI变化、收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、三酰甘油是老年女性发生高糖血症的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论老年女性BMI变化是其发生高糖血症的独立影响因素,超重和肥胖的老年女性降低体质量能有效降低其高糖血症的发生风险。

关键词：高血糖症人体质量指数老年人女性影响因素分析

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上海市某实验室个人剂量监测能力比对结果的有效性分析

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环境与职业医学 2023年第5期40卷 571-576页

作者：肖虹高林峰姚杰钱爱君王彬蒋舟袁炜烨白江涛卢顺琦修增赫上海市疾病预防控制中心健康危害因素监测与控制所放射卫生科上海200336

[背景]外照射个人剂量监测是放射工作人员职业健康管理的重要内容,是人员所受剂量评价及放射性职业病诊断的重要依据。检测机构持续参加能力比对能及时发现存在问题并改进,是常规监测重要的质量保证。[目的]以上海市预防医学研究院放射... 详细信息

[背景]外照射个人剂量监测是放射工作人员职业健康管理的重要内容,是人员所受剂量评价及放射性职业病诊断的重要依据。检测机构持续参加能力比对能及时发现存在问题并改进,是常规监测重要的质量保证。[目的]以上海市预防医学研究院放射卫生实验室为例,对参与全国个人剂量监测能力比对的过程及结果的有效性进行分析,了解该实验室放射工作人员职业性外照射个人剂量监测系统的性能,分析监测结果的影响因素,为提高日常个人剂量监测质量提供科学依据。[方法]依据GBZ 207—2016《外照射个人剂量系统性能检验规范》,按照Ⅱ类(光子)检验的相关要求,2018—2021年共对20组比对考核盲样剂量计进行测读,鉴别各组射线质,计算其个人剂量当量Hp(10),进行不确定度评定,计算报告值与参考值的偏差,对连续4年个人剂量监测能力比对过程及结果进行分析。[结果]实验室4年比对样品的射线质均为N100或Cs-137,比对样品的报告值为0.57~4.61 mSv之间,合成不确定度在0.043~0.365 mSv,扩展不确定度(k=2)在0.09~0.73 mSv,相对扩展不确定度(k=2)在13.8%~16.4%。4年共20组比对样品的单组性能∣Pi∣均≤0.10,每年5组比对样品的综合性能均≤0.10,检测报告Q值评分均>15分,实验室连续4年全国个人剂量监测能力比对结果优秀,但因Q值未达满分,故仍有提升空间。[结论]该实验室个人剂量监测数据处理规范,结果准确可靠,满足国家相关标准要求。但仍应持续参加全国个人剂量监测能力比对,加强能量鉴别式剂量计的角度响应研究,提高对低剂量X射线的测读能力,分析降低测量结果不确定度的关键点,不断提高监测能力。

关键词：个人剂量当量比对不确定度质量控制监测能力

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