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Geomorphology-oriented theoretical framework and construction method for value-added DEM

Journal of Geographical Sciences 2024年第1期34卷 165-184页

作者： ZHANG Haiping TANG Guoan xiong liyang YANG Xin LI Fayuan Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment Ministry of EducationNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China School of Geography Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing 210023China

Digital elevation model(DEM)plays a fundamental role in the study of the earth system by expressing surface configuration,understanding surface process,and revealing surface *** is widely used in analysis and modeling in the field of ***,traditional DEM has the defect of single attribute,which is difficult to support the research in earth system science oriented to geoscience process and mechanism ***,realizing the value-added data model on the basis of traditional DEM is necessary to serve digital elevation modeling and terrain analysis under the background of a new geomorphology research paradigm and earth observation technology.A theoretical framework for value-added DEM that mainly includes concept,connotation,content,and categories,is constructed in this *** relationship between different types of value-added DEMs as well as the research significance and application category of this theoretical framework are also *** following are different methods of value-added DEMs:(1)value-added methods of DEM space and time dimensions that emphasize the integration of the ground and underground as well as coupling of time and space,(2)attribute-based value-added methods composed of material(including underground,surface,and ground)and morphological properties,and(3)value-added methods of features and physical elements that consider geographical objects and landform features formed by natural processes and artificial *** digital terrace,slope,and watershed models are used as examples to illustrate application scenarios of the three kinds of value-added *** study aims to improve expression methods of DEMs under the background of new surveying and mapping technologies by adding value to the DEM at three levels of dimensions,attributes,and elements as well as support knowledge-driven digital geomorphological analysis in the era of big data.

关键词： spatial data model value-added DEM digital terrain analysis geomorphological ontology geomorphology

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Combined gully profiles for expressing surface morphology and evolution of gully landforms

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2019年第3期13卷 551-562页

作者： Jingwei LI liyang xiong Guo’an TANG Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Ministry of Education) Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China School of Geography Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Geo-information Smart Sensing and Services Chuzhou UniversityChuzhou 239000China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing 210023 China

The expression of gully landforms can be regarded as an indicator of the evolutionary process of gullies. Most existing studies on the expression of gully landforms focus on plane characteristics. However, the vertical characteristics of a gully should be given considerable attention because gullies have mainly eroded the surface in the vertical direction. Current studies on vertical characteristics of gullies mainly focused on a single gully or rarely a few gullies, thereby failing to express the entire gully landform in a certain area. In this study, gully profile combination (GPC) was proposed to investigate the morphology and reveal the evolution of gully landforms. It was defined as the combination of vertical projection of all gully profiles in the entire drainage basin. Then, a gully evolution index and its statistic values were used to reveal the evolution of gully landforms based on GPC. The proposed method was applied and validated in three typical loess gully landform areas (i.e., loess tableland, ridge, and hill) in the Loess Plateau of China. Results show that GPC can effectively express gully landforms. The specific geomorphological feature (monoclinic loess tableland) can also be identified using GPC. The gully evolution index results also demonstrate different magnitudes of gully evolutionary stages in a certain area, which reflect the diversity of gullies. The average and median values of the gully evolution index increase in the three typical loess gully landforms. From loess tableland, loess ridge, and loess hill, the average values are 0.653, 0.703, and 0.763, and the median values are 0.661, 0.719, and 0.783, respectively. This method is also found to be stable with gully extraction thresholds for distinguishing different loess gully land-forms. Accordingly, the evolution magnitudes of loess gully are obtained.

关键词： gully profile combination gully evolution gully morphology loess landform

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Landform Planation Index Extracted from DEMs： A Case Study in Ordos Platform of China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2016年第3期26卷 314-324页

作者： QIAN Yeqing xiong liyang LI Jilong TANG Guoan Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment Nanjing Normal University Ministry of Education Nanjing 210023 China State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution Nanjing 210023 China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing 210023 China

Planation surface, a surface that is almost flat, is a kind of low-relief landforms. Planation surface is the consequence of the denudation and planation processes under a tectonic stable condition. The quantitative expression of the characteristics of planation surface plays a key role in reconstructing and describing the evolutionary process of landforms. In this study, Landform Planation Index(LPI), a new terrain derivative, was proposed to quantify the characteristics of planation surface. The LPIs were calculated based on the summit surfaces formed according to the clustering results of peaks. Ten typical areas in the Ordos Platform located in the central part of the Loess Plateau of China are chosen as the test areas for investigating their planation characteristics with the LPI. The experimental results indicate that the LPI can be effectively used to quantify the characteristics of planation surfaces. In addition, the LPI can be further used to depict the patterns of spatial differentiation in the Ordos Platform. Although the present Ordos Platform area is full of the high-density gullies, its planation characteristics is found to be well preserved. Furthermore, the characteristics of the planation surfaces can also reflect the original morphology of the Ordos Platform before the loess dusts deposition process evolved in this area. The statistical results of the LPI show that there is a gradually increasing tendency along with the increasing of slope gradient of summit surface. It indicates that the characteristics of planation surfaces vary among test areas with different landforms. These findings help to deepen the understanding of planation characteristics of the loess landform and its underlying paleotopography. Results of this study can be also served as an important theoretical reference value for revealing the evolutionary process of loess landform.

关键词： Landform Planation Index(LPI) peak summit surface Digital Elevation Model(DEM) Ordos Platform China

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喜获热搜时消费者寻求多样化对企业定价和促销力度的影响

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南华大学学报（社会科学版） 2024年第2期25卷 69-78页

作者：熊礼洋苏诗琳徐兴隆南华大学经济管理与法学学院湖南衡阳421001

考虑两个品牌影响差异的竞争性企业,文章主要讨论当品牌劣势的企业喜获热搜时,消费者寻求多样化行为对企业产品的定价和两个销售期的促销力度的影响。研究发现:(1)如果热搜强度较大,品牌劣势企业的产品定价可能高于品牌优势企业的产品定... 详细信息

考虑两个品牌影响差异的竞争性企业,文章主要讨论当品牌劣势的企业喜获热搜时,消费者寻求多样化行为对企业产品的定价和两个销售期的促销力度的影响。研究发现:(1)如果热搜强度较大,品牌劣势企业的产品定价可能高于品牌优势企业的产品定价,但只要寻求多样化的消费者人群的比例较大,这一情形将被逆转;(2)消费者寻求多样化行为会使企业均在第一个销售期减少促销投入,而在第二个销售期增加促销投入。随着寻求多样化的消费者人群的比例增加,企业第二个销售期的促销投入会大过第一个销售期的促销投入,且两个企业在第二个销售期促销投入的差距逐渐加大,但企业间的需求差距会减小;(3)虽然消费者寻求多样化可能降低品牌劣势企业的利润,但会增加整体消费者剩余。政府和公众应该多给予一些品牌劣势但质量不错的企业更多的关注,以防企业间差距逐步拉大最终导致垄断的市场局面。

关键词：寻求多样化促销力度品牌影响定价

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Paleotopographic controls on modern gully evolution in the loess landforms of China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第3期60卷 438-451页

作者： xiong liyang TANG GuoAn ZHU A-Xing YUAN BaoYin LU BinYing DANG TianMin Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment Ministry of EducationNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution of Jiangsu Province Nanjing 210023China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing 210023China Department of Geography University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison 53706USA Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Highway Survey and Design Institute of Shaanxi Province Xi'an 710068China College of Resources and Environment Northwest Agriculture and Forest UniversityYangling 712100China

The inhomogeneous and non-flat paleotopography in a depositional landform area profoundly controls the process of modem gully evolution and shapes the structure of a gully network. However, this controlling effect of paleotopography on modem gully evolution is mostly ignored because of the difficulties in paleotopography reconstruction. In this study, loess area in China is selected as case area for its typical depositional landform area and inhomogeneous and non-flat paleotopography during the Quaternary. The paleotopography underlying loess is considered while evaluating its controlling effects on the gully evolutionary process. On the basis of the geophysical prospecting, detailed geological information, and high-resolution digital elevation model, we reconstruct the pre-Quaternary paleotopographic surface in the case area. Comparative analysis is conducted to reveal the modern gully evolution in relation to the paleotopography. Results show that the concave area of the paleotopography acts as the basement of the high-order modern gully evolution in the hilly-gully area, although this concave area can be covered and buried by the loess depositional process during the Quaternary. A significant controlling effect of paleotopography on high-order modern gully evolution can be observed in a depositional landform with a hilly-gully underlying topography, whereas a relatively weak controlling effect exists in a flat underlying topograpnlcal area oecause of the strong horizontal shift effect of gully formation process. Several low-order modern gullies also exist and limit the controlling effect of paleotopography. These results reveal a controlled high-order modern gully evolutionary process and a rather dynamic low-order modem gully evolutionary process in the hilly-gully area. These results also help us understand the variations in different modern gully evolution in relation to paleotopography and the different management schemes for soil conservation and ecological

关键词： Paleotopography Gully evolution Controlling effect Loess landform

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Geomorphology-oriented digital terrain analysis:Progress and perspectives

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2021年第3期31卷 456-476页

作者： xiong liyang TANG Guoan YANG Xin LI Fayuan School of Geography Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment(Nanjing Normal University) Ministry of EducationNanjing 210023China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing 210023China

Digital terrain analysis(DTA)is one of the most important contents in the research of geographical information science(GIS).However,on the basis of the digital elevation model(DEM),many problems exist in the current research of DTA in geomorphological *** instance,the current DTA research appears to be focused more on morphology,phenomenon,and modern surface rather than mechanism,process,and underlying *** current DTA research needs to be urgently transformed from the study of landform morphology to one focusing on landform process and *** this basis,this study summarizes the current research status of geomorphology-oriented DTA and systematically reviews and analyzes the research about the knowledge of geomorphological ontology,terrain modeling,terrain derivative calculation,and terrain analytical *** the help of DEM data,DTA research has the advantage of carrying out geomorphological studies from the perspective of surface ***,the study of DTA has inherent defects in terms of data expression and analytic ***,breakthroughs in basic theories and key technologies are ***,scholars need to realize that DTA research must be transformed from phenomenon to mechanism,from morphology to process,and from terrain to *** present,the research development of earth science has reached the critical stage in which the DTA research should focus more on geomorphological ***,this study proposes several prospects of geomorphology-oriented DTA from the aspects of value-added DEM data model,terrain derivatives and their spatial relations,and macro-terrain *** study of DTA based on DEM is at a critical period along with the issue on whether the current GIS technology can truly support the development of *** research idea of geomorphology-oriented DTA is expected to be an important exploration and practice in the field of GIS.

关键词： digital terrain analysis geomorphology ontology digital elevation model terrain derivative geographical information science

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Scientific attributes and expression methods of geographical boundary

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第6期32卷 1119-1135页

作者： TANG Guoan LI Jilong xiong liyang NA Jiaming Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment Ministry of EducationNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China School of Geography Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing 210023China School of Geography and Planning Ningxia UniversityYinchuan 750021China

A scientific delineation of geographical boundaries reflects the cognitive level of scientific abstraction and systematic analysis of the spatial variation of geographical objects and is a basic scientific issue of geography. From the perspective of earth system science,this study first explicates the core issues(e.g., basic concepts, scientific contents, and basic properties) of geographical boundaries. Based on the principles of scientificity and systematicness, we then classify geographical boundaries in terms of intrinsic mechanisms, extrinsic appearance and scientific attributes. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the mathematical connotation and representation methods of geographical boundaries, discusses the characteristics of and differences between traditional and modern methods for geographical boundary delineation. Finally, we present a framework for a “geographical boundary model”with an integration of qualitative, quantitative, and positioning methods. Focusing on geographical boundary(a basic theoretical problem in geography), this study engaged in concept definition and method analysis, with the findings enriching the theory and methodology of geographical information science.

关键词： geography geographical boundary scientific property classification representation method

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Clustering stream profiles to understand the geomorphological features and evolution of the Yangtze River by using DEMs

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2021年第11期31卷 1555-1574页

作者： ZHAO Fei xiong liyang WANG Chun WEI Hong MA Junfei TANG Guoan Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment Ministry of EducationNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China School of Geography Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing 210023China School of Remote Sensing&Geomatics Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China

Stream morphology is an important indicator for revealing the geomorphological features and evolution of the Yangtze *** studies on the morphology of the Yangtze River focus on planar ***,the vertical features are also *** features mainly control the flow ability and erosion ***,traditional studies often focus on a few stream profiles in the Yangtze ***,stream profiles are linked together by runoff nodes,thus affecting the geomorphological evolution of the Yangtze River *** this study,a clustering method of stream profiles in the Yangtze River is proposed by plotting all profiles ***,a stream evolution index is used to investigate the geomorphological features of the stream profile clusters to reveal the evolution of the Yangtze *** on the stream profile clusters,the erosion base of the Yangtze River generally changes from steep to gentle from the upper reaches to the lower reaches,and the evolution degree of the stream changes from low to *** asymmetric distribution of knickpoints in the Hanshui River Basin supports the view that the boundary of the eastward growth of the Tibetan Plateau has reached the vicinity of the Daba Mountains.

关键词： stream profile clusters Yangtze River geomorphological feature stream evolution digital elevation model

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Chinese progress in geomorphometry

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2017年第11期27卷 1389-1412页

作者： LV Guonian xiong liyang CHEN Min TANG Guoan SHENG Yehua LIU Xuejun SONG Zhiyao LU Yuqi YU Zhaoyuan ZHANG Ka WANG Meizhen Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment Ministry of Education of PRC Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province) Nanjing 210023 China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Ap- plication Nanjing 210023 China School of Geography science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China

Geomorphometry, the science of digital terrain analysis （DTA）, is an important focus of research in both geomorphology and geographical information science （GIS）. Given that 70% of China is mountainous, geomorphological research is popular among Chinese schol- ars, and the development of GIS over the last 30 years has led to significant advances in geomorphometric research. In this paper, we review Chinese progress in geomorphometry based on the published literature. There are three major areas of progress： digital terrain modelling methods, DTA methods, and applications of digital terrain models （DTMs）. First, traditional vector- and raster-based terrain modelling methods, including the assessment of uncertainty, have received widespread attention. New terrain modelling methods such as unified raster and vector, high-fidelity, and real-time dynamic geographical scene modelling have also attracted research attention and are now a major focus of digital terrain modelling research. Second, in addition to the popular DTA methods based on topographical derivatives geomorphological features, and hydrological factors extracted from DTMs, DTA methods have been extended to include analyses of the structure of underlying strata, ocean surface features and even socioeconomic spatial structures. Third, DTMs have been applied to fields including global climate change, analysis of various typical regions, lunar surface and other related fields. Clearly, Chinese scholars have made significant progress in geomorphometry. Chinese scholars have had the greatest international impact in areas including high-fidelity digital terrain modelling and DTM-based regional geomorphological analysis, particularly in the Loess Plateau and the Tibetan Plateau regions.

关键词： geomorphometry digital terrain model digital terrain analysis progress China

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黄土高原沟谷地貌发育演化研究进展与展望

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地球信息科学学报 2020年第4期22卷 816-826页

作者：熊礼阳汤国安虚拟地理环境教育部重点实验室(南京师范大学) 南京210023 南京师范大学地理科学学院南京210023 江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心南京210023

黄土沟谷是黄土地貌中最有活力、最具变化、最富特色的对象单元,黄土高原千沟万壑的地貌形态以及触目惊心的侵蚀状态也让区域内沟谷地貌的形成、发育及演化问题成为研究中焦点及前沿性科学问题。近年来,诸多学者采用地学测年法、特征表... 详细信息

黄土沟谷是黄土地貌中最有活力、最具变化、最富特色的对象单元,黄土高原千沟万壑的地貌形态以及触目惊心的侵蚀状态也让区域内沟谷地貌的形成、发育及演化问题成为研究中焦点及前沿性科学问题。近年来,诸多学者采用地学测年法、特征表达法、监测模拟法力图实现对黄土沟谷发育演化进程中“过去-现代-未来”的科学认知。这些研究在相当程度上丰富了黄土沟谷发育过程的认知。本文梳理了黄土高原沟谷地貌演化相关研究的现状,并从黄土高原地貌演化、黄土沟谷发育、基于DEM的沟谷信息提取与表达等研究进行了系统的回顾、梳理与分析。此外,本文提出“黄土沟道剖面群组”概念与方法,试图从新的视角审视黄土沟谷地貌发育演化过程。沟道剖面在黄土沟谷发育演化进程中传递物质能量和累积地形动力,并通过径流节点的串联实现剖面群的连接与组合,形成独特的剖面“群组”模式;该沟道剖面群组是集黄土沟谷地貌特征与过程于一体的综合信息集成体,其三维空间结构是对黄土沟谷地貌发育演化的高度抽象与映射,并可望进一步丰富黄土高原数字地形分析理论与方法体系,为黄土高原黄土地貌成因机理与空间分异格局带来创新的认识。

关键词：黄土高原沟谷演化数字高程模型沟道剖面群组黄土地貌沟谷特征地形因子数字地形分析

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