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通智测试——基于动态具身物理社会交互环境的通用人工智能测试

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Engineering 2024年第3期34卷 12-22页

作者： Yujia Peng Jiaheng Han Zhenliang Zhang Lifeng Fan Tengyu liu Siyuan qi xue Feng Yuxi Ma Yizhou Wang Song-Chun zhu National Key Laboratory of General Artificial Intelligence Beijing Institute for General Artificial IntelligenceBeijing 100086China Institute for Artificial Intelligence Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health School of Psychological and Cognitive SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Intelligence science and technology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Computer science Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The release of the generative pre-trained transformer(GPT)series has brought artificial general intelligence(AGI)to the forefront of the artificial intelligence(AI)field once ***,the questions of how to define and evaluate AGI remain *** perspective article proposes that the evaluation of AGI should be rooted in dynamic embodied physical and social interactions(DEPSI).More specifically,we propose five critical characteristics to be considered as AGI benchmarks and suggest the Tong test as an AGI evaluation *** Tong test describes a value-and ability-oriented testing system that delineates five levels of AGI milestones through a virtual environment with DEPSI,allowing for infinite task *** contrast the Tong test with classical AI testing systems in terms of various aspects and propose a systematic evaluation system to promote standardized,quantitative,and objective benchmarks and evaluation of AGI.

关键词： Artificial general intelligence Artificial intelligence benchmark Artificial intelligence evaluation Embodied artificial intelligence Value alignment Turing test Causality

Frontiers in high entropy alloys and high entropy functional materials

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Rare Metals 2024年第10期43卷 4639-4776页

作者： Wen-Tao Zhang Wen Huang Fu-Jie Yu qi Zhao Xin-Dong zhu Tao Feng Yao Jiang Xiao-Ming Li xue-Fei Miao He zhu Si Lan xue-qian Wang Bao-Long Shen Zhe Jia Feng-qi Zhang Wei Wang qi liu Yang Ren Xun-Li Wang Xiao-Ya Cui Xiao-Yang Wang Ya-Nan Chen Bing-Bing Fan Meng-Ru Li qi-Long Gao Jia-Ming Guo Zeng-Bao Jiao Zhi-Min Guo Yu-Ping Zhao qian Yu Rui Huang Ling-Kun Zhang Yi-Ping Lu Xu-Bo Li Huai-Jun Lin Yan Ma Wei-Ming Yang Zhi-Hua Shen Hai-Yan He Yong-Gang Sun Yong-Jiang Huang De-zhuang Wang qing-Feng liu Fei-Yang Wang Hui liu Hong-Hui Wu Li-qiang Wang Yang Lu Nan Wang Tian-Li Wang Wei-Bing Liao Yi-Han Wang Yuan Wu Yu-Zhen Yin Jie Pan Yi Zhang qing Wang Jian-Yang Zhang Tao Yang Yasir Sohail Jin-Yu Zhang Hua Ji qiang Li Wei-Di liu Zhi-Gang Chen Xiong-Jun liu Wen Ma Liang Mao Zhen-Duo Wu School of Materials science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Southeast University Department of Physics City University of Hong Kong School of Materials science and Engineering Tianjin University School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou University Department of Mechanical Engineering Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Center of Electron Microscopy and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation technology (Liaoning Province) School of Materials Science and Engineering Dalian University of Technology Institute of Advanced Wear & Corrosion Resistance and Functional Materials Jinan University School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering China University of Mining and Technology School of physical sciences Great Bay University School of Materials science andEngineering Harbin Institute of Technology State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech University beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Research Institute for Carbon Neutrality University of Science and Technology Beijing Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong Kong School of Computing Macquarie University Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials University of Science and Technology Beijing State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Institute of materials Shanghai University Department of Materials science and Engineering C

Owing to their exceptional properties, high-entropy alloys(HEAs) and high-entropy materials have emerged as promising research areas and shown diverse applications. Here,the recent advances in the field are comprehensively reviewed,organized into five sections. The first section introduces the background of HEAs, covering their definition, significance,application prospects, basic properties, design principles, and microstructure. The subsequent section focuses on cutting-edge high-entropy structural materials, highlighting developments such as nanostructured alloys, grain boundary engineering,eutectic systems, cryogenic alloys, thin films, micro-nano-lattice structures, additive manufacturing, high entropy metallic glasses, nano-precipitate strengthened alloys, composition modulation, alloy fibers, and refractory systems. In the following section, the emphasis shifts to functional materials, exploring HEAs as catalysts, magneto-caloric materials, corrosion-resistant alloys, radiation-resistant alloys, hydrogen storage systems, and materials for biomedicine. Additionally, the review encompasses functional high-entropy materials outside the realm of alloys, including thermoelectric, quantum dots, nanooxide catalysts, energy storage materials, negative thermal expansion ceramics,and high-entropy wave absorption materials. The paper concludes with an outlook, discussing future directions and potential growth areas in the field. Through this comprehensive review,researchers, engineers, and scientists may gain valuable insights into the recent progress and opportunities for further exploration in the exciting domains of high-entropy alloys and functional materials.

关键词： Cutting-edge structural materials Cutting-edgefunctional materials High entropy alloys

复合氧化物Dy_(10)W_2O_(21)的热学性质研究

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中国稀土学报 2002年第4期20卷 299-302页

作者：祝振奇邢献然祁雪刘桂荣北京科技大学理化系北京100083

采用高温固相反应法合成了单相的稀土复合氧化物Dy1 0 W2 O2 1 。用热膨胀仪测定了其表观热膨胀系数。采用变温X射线衍射方法测定不同温度衍射谱 ,TREOR程序进行了指标化 ,确定为立方晶系 ,计算了单胞常数和本征热膨胀系数。用热分析仪... 详细信息

采用高温固相反应法合成了单相的稀土复合氧化物Dy1 0 W2 O2 1 。用热膨胀仪测定了其表观热膨胀系数。采用变温X射线衍射方法测定不同温度衍射谱 ,TREOR程序进行了指标化 ,确定为立方晶系 ,计算了单胞常数和本征热膨胀系数。用热分析仪测定了样品的DSC曲线 ,表明没有相变发生。

关键词：复合氧化物 Dy10W2O21 热学性质稀土晶格参数热膨胀性热膨胀系数钨镝

亚波长光栅与法布里-珀罗滤光片集成的高性能光谱偏振分光器

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红外与毫米波学报 2024年第2期43卷 179-186页

作者：朱远宇关学昱余沛其刘清权贾奇祥吴杰李辰璐李志锋王少伟中国科学院上海技术物理研究所红外物理国家重点实验室上海200083 上海科技大学物质学院上海201210 上海节能镀膜玻璃工程技术研究中心上海200083 中国科学院大学北京100049

光谱偏振成像技术是一种新型的光学成像技术,它不仅提高了目标的信息获取量,还降低了背景噪声,可以捕获目标细节,检测伪装目标。本文提出了一种将亚波长光栅与F-P滤光片相结合的光谱偏振测量器件,该器件可以获得超高光谱分辨率和偏振消... 详细信息

光谱偏振成像技术是一种新型的光学成像技术,它不仅提高了目标的信息获取量,还降低了背景噪声,可以捕获目标细节,检测伪装目标。本文提出了一种将亚波长光栅与F-P滤光片相结合的光谱偏振测量器件,该器件可以获得超高光谱分辨率和偏振消光比,并且光谱和偏振可以灵活调控。本文设计了一种光谱偏振同时分光器,可同时获得4个光谱通道的斯托克斯参数。仿真结果表明,其光谱分辨率为217,偏振消光比为106。实验结果表明,亚波长光栅的偏振消光比大于500,透射率为90%。全介质F-P滤光片的光谱分辨率为30,在长波红外波段的透射率为60%。该设计方法具有通用性,可用于可见光、红外甚至太赫兹等波段。得益于这些优点,器件在微型偏振光谱仪和全斯托克斯偏振检测等领域有很大的应用潜力。

关键词：光谱偏振分光器亚波长光栅法布里-珀罗滤光片光谱偏振

基于实验参数的Dy^(3+),Na^(+):PbGa_(2)S_(4)中红外激光理论研究

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物理学报 2024年第16期73卷 72-81页

作者：余学舟黄昌保吴海信胡倩倩刘国晋李亚朱志成祁华贝倪友保王振友中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院安徽光学精密机械研究所安徽省光子器件与材料重点实验室合肥230031 中国科学技术大学合肥230026

基于加工出的Dy^(3+),Na^(+):PbGa_(2)S_(4)晶体元件的吸收光谱测试以及Judd-Ofelt理论计算数据,通过互易法计算出各发光能级间的荧光吸收与发射截面.通过测试与计算得到的数据,数值模拟了采用1.3μm和1.7μm泵浦源直接抽运Dy^(3+),Na^(... 详细信息

基于加工出的Dy^(3+),Na^(+):PbGa_(2)S_(4)晶体元件的吸收光谱测试以及Judd-Ofelt理论计算数据,通过互易法计算出各发光能级间的荧光吸收与发射截面.通过测试与计算得到的数据,数值模拟了采用1.3μm和1.7μm泵浦源直接抽运Dy^(3+),Na^(+):PbGa_(2)S_(4)晶体产生4.3μm中红外激光的实验方案.计算分析了激光功率、增益和吸收系数在晶体内的空间分布,分析比较了泵浦光功率、元件长度和输出镜反射率对输出功率的影响.模型中在光路中引入2.9μm级联激光振荡,以此抽运因为4.3μm发光堆积在能级^(6)H_(13/2)上的粒子数,发现其可以有效降低能级^(6)H_(11/2)到^(6)H_(13/2)跃迁的自终止效应,提高激光输出功率.计算结果表明:采用1.3μm和1.7μm泵浦源,当功率都为4 W时,最大的输出功率分别为103 mW和315 mW,斜率效率可达到2.8%和8.0%.数值模拟的结果对下一步晶体元件的改良加工以及光路搭建参数的选取提供了一定的指导意义.

关键词：中红外激光数值模拟 PbGa_(2)S_(4) 晶体

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A generalizable, data-driven online approach to forecast capacity degradation trajectory of lithium batteries

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Journal of Energy chemistry 2022年第5期31卷 548-555页

作者： Xinyan liu xue-qiang Zhang Xiang Chen Gao-Long zhu Chong Yan Jia-qi Huang Hong-Jie Peng Institute of Fundamental and Frontier sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731SichuanChina beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and technology Department of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary science Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Estimating battery degradation is vital not only to monitor battery’s state-of-health but also to accelerate research on new battery chemistries. Herein, we present a data-driven approach to forecast the capacity fading trajectory of lab-assembled lithium batteries. Features with physical meanings in addition to predictive abilities are extracted from discharge voltage curves, enabling online prediction for a single cell with only its historical data. The robustness and generalizability allow for the demonstration on a compromised quality dataset consisting of batteries varying in battery architectures and cycling conditions,with superior accuracy for end of life and degradation trajectory prediction with average errors of 8.2%and 2.8%, respectively. Apart from the impressive prediction accuracy, the as-extracted features also provide physical insights, the incorporation of which into material design or battery operation conditions further enlightens the development of better batteries. We highlight the effectiveness of time-seriesbased techniques in forecasting battery cycling performance, as well as the huge potential of datadriven methods in unveiling hidden correlations in complicated energy chemistries such as lithium metal batteries.

关键词： Battery prognosis Machine learning Time series forecasting Online prediction Lithium metal batteries

Environmental Effects of Groundwater Development in Xuzhou City, china

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Journal of china university of Mining and technology 2006年第1期16卷 13-16页

作者： HAN Bao-ping liu Xi-kun zhu xue-qiang FENG qi-yan SUN Xiao-fei School of Environmental science and Spatial Informatics China University of Mining ＆ Technology Xuzhou Jiangsu 221008 China

Xuzhou City is located in the most northwestern portion of Jiangsu Province, P. R. china. Karst groundwater in the Ordovician and Cambrian Limestone aquifers is the main source of water supply. There are 527 wells in urban areas to exploit the karst groundwater, yielding up to 35 000 m^3 per day. After 1978, urbanization and industrialization of Xuzhou City have continued at a greatly accelerated pace; the population increased from 670 700 （1978） to 1 645 500 （2002）, its GDP from 0.71 × 10^9 $ to 42.7× 10^9 $ and the urban area from 184 km^2 to 1,038 km^2 （built-up city area from 41.3 km^2 to 81.9 km^2）. The volume of karst groundwater withdrawal increased yearly before the operation of a supply plant of surface water in 1992, from 3.85x 10^7 m^3（1978） to 1.34× 10^8 m^3 （1991） and now maintained at 0.1× 10^9 m^3 （2002）. Intensive overexploitation of karst groundwater has caused a continuous descending of the piezometric level and the area of the depression cone increases year after year. These changes have increased the vulnerability of the karst groundwater system and have induced environmental problems such as depletion of water resources, water quality deterioration, groundwater contamination and karst collapse. The largest buried depth of karst groundwater is up to 100 m in the dry season in some areas, while 66 exhausted wells have been abandoned. A change in the thickness of the unsaturated zone due to the drawdown of the piezometric level has caused a change of the chemical environment which has an impact on the physical state and major chemical compositions in groundwater. The contents of Ca^2＋, Mg^2＋, NO3^-, SO4^2- and C1^- in karst groundwater has increased significantly, total hardness （CaCO3 content） rises annually in most pumping wells and exceeds the Standard of Drinking Water of P.R. china. Point source pollution and belt-like pollution along the rivers has caused water quality deterioration. The sudden loss of buoyant support due to rapid drawdown of

关键词： Xuzhou City karst groundwater vulnerability of groundwater environmental problem

高能皮秒拍瓦激光研究进展、技术挑战及发展趋势

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中国激光 2024年第11期51卷 92-119页

作者：姜有恩杨朋千潘雪张艳丽郭亚晶朱坪李大为崔勇欧阳小平陶华姜卓偲樊全堂华能唐顺兴肖奇张栋俊刘东宁黄鹏飞李祖强朱宝强马伟新朱俭李学春朱健强中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所高功率激光物理联合实验室上海201800 中国工程物理研究院上海激光等离子体研究所上海201800 中国科学院大学材料与光电研究中心北京100049

兼具高峰值功率和高脉冲能量两大特征的皮秒拍瓦激光与物质相互作用的物理效果跟脉冲信噪比、聚焦功率密度和时空调控精度等关键因素直接相关。深入研究了这三大因素相应的受限机制、关键技术以及神光II升级装置中皮秒拍瓦激光等典型代... 详细信息

兼具高峰值功率和高脉冲能量两大特征的皮秒拍瓦激光与物质相互作用的物理效果跟脉冲信噪比、聚焦功率密度和时空调控精度等关键因素直接相关。深入研究了这三大因素相应的受限机制、关键技术以及神光II升级装置中皮秒拍瓦激光等典型代表的最新技术进展,对于提升拍瓦激光性能具有指导作用。针对皮秒拍瓦激光的负载受限问题,从元器件损伤阈值、光场退化和洁净控制等方面进行了分析,并综述了基于等离子体光学的脉冲放大及压缩技术在突破高功率激光负载瓶颈的新研究动向。此外,皮秒拍瓦激光要从实验室走向更广泛的应用,还需要持续推进高效高能重复频率皮秒拍瓦激光的技术攻关。

关键词：激光技术拍瓦激光信噪比聚焦功率密度时空调控精度皮秒负载

ART1 and putrescine contribute to rice aluminum resistance via OsMYB30 in cell wall modification

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2023年第4期65卷 934-949页

作者： Li Jun Gao Xiang Pei liu Ke Ke Gao Meng qi Cui Hui Hui zhu Gui Xin Li Jing Ying Yan Yun Rong Wu Zhong Jie Ding xue Wei Chen Jian Feng Ma Nicholas PHarberd Shao Jian Zheng State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture College of Natural Resources and EnvironmentSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 5100642China Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureGenome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518120China College of Agronomy and Biotechnology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Agricultural Experimental Station Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Rice Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural University at WenjiangChengdu 611130China Institute of Plant science and Resources Okayama UniversityKurashiki 710‐0046Japan Department of Plant science University of OxfordOxford OX13RBUnited Kingdom

Cell wall is the first physical barrier to aluminum(Al)*** of cell wall properties to change its binding capacity to Al is one of the major strategies for plant Al resistance;nevertheless,how it is regulated in rice remains largely *** this study,we show that exogenous application of putrescines(Put)could significantly restore the Al resistance of art1,a rice mutant lacking the central regulator Al RESISTANCE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1(ART1),and reduce its Al accumulation particularly in the cell wall of root *** on RNA-sequencing,yeast-onehybrid and electrophoresis mobility shift assays,we identified an R2R3 MYB transcription factor OsMYB30 as the novel target in both ART1-dependent and Put-promoted Al ***,transient dual-luciferase assay showed that ART1 directly inhibited the expression of OsMYB30,and in turn repressed Os4CL5-dependent 4-coumaric acid accumulation,hence reducing the Al-binding capacity of cell wall and enhancing Al ***,Put repressed OsMYB30 expression by eliminating Alinduced H2O2accumulation,while exogenous H2O2promoted OsMYB30 *** concluded that ART1 confers Put-promoted Al resistance via repression of OsMYB30-regulated modification of cell wall properties in rice.

关键词： ART1 cell wall 4‐coumaric acid OsMYB30 Os4CL5 putrescine