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Diverse transformations of sulfur in seabird-affected sediments revealed by microbial and stable isotope analyses

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第1期41卷 138-149页

作者： Lili SHEN Tao HUANG Yuanqing CHEN Zhuding CHU zhouqing xie School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Microbial communities,sulfur isotope of sulfides(δ^(34)S_(AVS)and δ^(34)S_(CRS)),and sulfur and oxygen isotopes of sulfate(δ^(34)S_(SO_(4))and δ^(18)O_(SO_(4)))in sediments were analyzed to reveal the biogeochemical transformations of sulfur in a seabird-affected lake Y2 and a se abird-free YO from Fildes Peninsula,Antarctic *** microbial communities in Y2 were mainly associated with penguin activities,while those in YO were limited by *** much enriched δ^(34)S_(SO_(4))recorded at depth of 30,41,and 52 cm in Y2indicates very strong sulfate reduction *** sulfur-degrading bacteria Pseudomonas in 0-23 cm of Y2 was 3.5 time s as abundant as that of sulfur oxidizing bacteria(SOB),indicating remarkable remineralization of organic *** abundant SOB and ^(34)S-depleted sulfate indicate considerable sulfur oxidation in 34-56-cm layer in *** YO sediments,the highest abundance of Desulfotalea and the most enriched δ^(34)S_(SO_(4))(35.2‰)and δ^(34)S_(CRS)(2.5‰)indicate the strongest sulfate reduction in 28-cm *** abundance of Pseudomonas indicates active remineralization of organic sulfur in 3-5-cm layer in *** medium δ^(34)S_(SO_(4))and considerable abundance of SOB and sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB)indicate concurrence of sulfur oxidation and sulfate reduction in other layers in ***,a high level of organic matter input from penguin populations supported the diverse microbial community and transformations of sulfur in aquatic ecosystems in Antarctica.

关键词： sulfur and oxygen isotope dissimilatory sulfate reduction sulfur oxidation sulfate-reducing bacteria Antarctica

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Features and influencing mechanisms of gaseous elemental mercury over the equatorial Pacific and their differences with the Southern Ocean

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Advances in Polar Science 2022年第1期33卷 86-101页

作者： WANG Jiancheng YUE Fange ZHAN Haicong KANG Hui xie zhouqing Institute of Polar Environment&Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China

Due to the harmful impacts on the ecosystem and even human health,mercury(Hg)compounds in the environment deserve serious *** mobilization and exchange at the air-sea interface are important processes in biogeochemical cycling of *** on the 30th(2013/2014),31st(2014/2015),and 33rd(2016/2017)Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition aboard R/V Xuelong,we found significant rising gaseous elemental mercury(GEM)concentrations over the equatorial Central Indo-Pacific *** the contribution of anthropogenic,volcanic and biomass burning emissions,the enhanced GEM in marine boundary layer was likely due to the combined actions of two driving factors drove by the Inter-Tropical Conversion Zone(ITCZ):(1)intense wet deposition of Hg,followed by subsequent rapid photoreduction and vast evasion from the surface sea;and(2)the regional low-level convergence of airflow that caused the mass accumulation of GEM in *** addition,apparently higher GEM concentration level in the equatorial Central Indo-Pacific than in the Southern Ocean was observed in one *** investigation suggests that apart from the ITCZ corresponded mechanisms,the effects of spatial differences in anthropogenic emissions and more significant GEM oxidation in Antarctic sea should play roles in this phenomenon.

关键词： mercury equatorial seas Southern Ocean rainfall air-sea exchange low-level convergence

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Indoor air particles in research vessel from Shanghai to Antarctic: Characteristics, influencing factors, and potential controlling pathway

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第4期126卷 784-793页

作者： Xudong Wu Fange Yue Jiancheng Wang Xiawei Yu Hongwei Liu Weihua Gu Mingming Han Juan Li zhouqing xie Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Anesthesiology the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230001China Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China

Despite millions of seafarers and passengers staying on ships each year, few studies have been conducted on the indoor air quality inside ship hulls. In this study, we investigated the levels and size distribution of indoor particulate matter during two cruises of the research vessel “Xuelong” from Shanghai to Antarctica. The results showed that the particle size less than 2.5 μm(PM_(2.5)), and particle size less than 10 μm(PM_(10)) concentrations in different rooms of the ship widely varied. We observed high particulate matter(PM) levels in some of the rooms. The mass concentration distribution was dominated by 1–4 μm particles, which may have been caused by the hygroscopic growth of fine particles. The dominant factors influencing PM concentrations were indoor temperature, relative humidity, and human activity. We quantified contributions of these factors to the levels of indoor particles using a generalized additive model. In clean rooms, the levels of indoor particles were controlled by temperature and relative humidity, whereas in polluted rooms, the levels of indoor particles were mainly influenced by temperature and human activity, which implied that controlling temperature and human activity would efficiently reduce the levels of indoor particles.

关键词： Indoor air Ship Influencing factor Generalized additive model(GAM) Quantification Controlling pathway

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Exploring the impact of new particle formation events on PM_(2.5) pollution during winter in the Yangtze River Delta,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第1期34卷 75-83页

作者： Jinping Ou Qihou Hu Haoran Liu Shiqi Xu Zhuang Wang Xiangguang Ji Xinqi Wang zhouqing xie Hui Kang Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China Key Lab of Environmental Optics and Technology Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Institute of Polar Environment&Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change Department of Environment Science and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

New particle formation(NPF)events are an increasingly interesting topic in air quality and climate *** this study,the particle number size distributions,and the frequency of NPF events over Hefei were investigated from November 2018 to February *** proportions of the nucleation mode,Aitken mode,and accumulation mode were 24.59%,53.10%,and 22.30%,respectively,which indicates the presence of abundant ultrafine particles in ***-six NPF events occurred during the observation days,accounting for 41.82%of the entire observation ***,the favorable meteorological conditions,potential precursor gases,and PM_(2.5)range of the NPF events were *** to non-NPF days,the NPF events preferentially occurred on days with lower relative humidity,higher wind speeds,and higher *** the PM_(2.5) was 15–20,70–80,and105–115μg/m^(3),the frequency of the NPF events was *** mode particles were positively related to atmospheric oxidation indicated by ozone when PM_(2.5) ranged from 15 to 20μg/m^(3),and related to gaseous precursors like SO_(2) and NO_(2) when PM_(2.5)was located at 70-80 and 105–115μg/m^(3).On pollution days,NPF events did not directly contribute to the increase in the PM_(2.5) in the daytime,however,NPF events would occur during the night and the growth of particulate matter contributes to the nighttime PM_(2.5) *** could lead to pollution that lasted into the next *** findings are significant to the improvement of our understanding of the effects of aerosols on air quality.

关键词： New particle formation Aerosols PM_(2.5) Hefei Meteorological conditions

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Atmospheric mercury over the marine boundary layer observed during the third China Arctic Research Expedition

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第9期23卷 1424-1430页

作者： Hui Kang zhouqing xie Institute of Polar Environment University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China

TGM measurements on board ships have proved to provide valuable complementary information to measurements by a ground based monitoring *** the third China Arctic Research Expedition （from July 11 to September 24,2008）,TGM concentrations over the marine boundary layer along the cruise path were in-situ measured using an automatic mercury vapor *** we firstly reported the results in Japan Sea,North Western Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea,where there are rare *** value ranged between 0.30 and 6.02 ng/m 3 with an average of （1.52 ± 0.68） ng/m 3 ,being slightly lower than the background value of Northern Hemisphere （1.7 ng/m 3 ）.Notably TGM showed considerably spatial and temporal ***,the average value of TGM in Bering Sea was higher than those observed in Japan Sea and North Western Pacific *** the north of Japan Sea TGM levels were found to be lower than 0.5 ng/m 3 during forward cruise and displayed obviously diurnal cycle,indicating potential oxidation of gaseous mercury in the *** pronounced episode was recorded as *** levels of TGM were observed in the coastal regions of southern Japan Sea during backward cruise due primarily to air masses transported from the adjacent mainland reflecting the contribution from anthropogenic *** ship returned back and passed through Kamchatka Peninsula TGM increased by the potential contamination from volcano emissions.

关键词： total gaseous mercury atmosphere marine boundary layer Japan Sea North Western Pacific Ocean Bering Sea

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Comparison of mixing layer height inversion algorithms using lidar and a pollution case study in Baoding, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第5期31卷 81-90页

作者： Xiangguang Ji Cheng Liu zhouqing xie Qihou Hu Yunsheng Dong Guangqiang Fan Tianshu Zhang Chengzhi Xing Zhuang Wang Zeeshan Javed Jianguo Liu School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology University of Science and Technology of China Key Lab of Environmental Optics and Technology Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change University of Science and Technology of China

Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei area is suffering from atmospheric pollution from a long time. The understanding of the air pollution mechanism is of great importance for officials to design strategies for the environmental governance. Mixing layer height(MLH) is a key factor influencing the diffusion of air pollutants. It plays an important role on the evolution of heavy pollution events. Light detection and ranging(lidar), is an effective remote-sensing tool, which can retrieve high spatial and temporal evolution process within mixing layer(ML), especially the variation of MLH. There are many methods to retrieve MLH, but each method has its own applicable limitations. The Mie-lidar data in Beijing was firstly used to compare three different algorithms which are widely used under different pollution *** find that the multi-layer structure near surface may cause errors in the detection of mixing layer. The MLH retrieved based on image edge detection was better than another two methods especially under heavy polluted episode. Then we applied this method to investigate the evolution of the mixing layer height during a pollution episode in December2016. MLH at Gucheng county showed the positive correlation with the concentration of particulate matters during the start of this pollution episode. The elevated pollution level in Gucheng was not associated with MLH's decrease, and the significantly increased particulate matters raised the boundary layer, which trapped the pollutants near the surface.

关键词： Mixing layer Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei area Severe haze

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Acidity of Aerosols during Winter Heavy Haze Events in Beijing and Gucheng, China

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2018年第1期32卷 14-25页

作者： Xiyuan CHI Pengzhen HE Zhuang JIANG Xiawei YU Fange YUE Longquan WANG Bokun LI Hui KANG Cheng LIU zhouqing xie Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of China Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of Sciences

We investigated the acidity and concentrations of water-soluble ions in PM2.5 aerosol samples collected from an urban site in Beijing and a rural site in Gucheng, Hebei Province from November 2016 to January 2017 to gain an insight into the formation of secondary inorganic species. The average SO4^2–, NO3^–, and NH4^＋ concentrations were 8.3,12.5, and 14.1 μg m^–3, respectively, at the urban site and 14.0, 14.2, and 24.2 μg m^（–3）, respectively, at the rural *** nitrogen and sulfur oxidation ratios in urban Beijing were correlated with relative humidity（with correlation coefficient r = 0.79 and 0.67, respectively） and the aerosol loadings. Based on a parameterization model, we found that the rate constant of the heterogeneous reactions for SO2 on polluted days was about 10 times higher than that on clear days, suggesting that the heterogeneous reactions in the aerosol water played an essential role in haze *** ISORROPIA II model was used to predict the aerosol pH, which had a mean（range） of 5.0（4.9–5.2） and 5.3（4.6–6.3） at the urban and rural site, respectively. Under the conditions with this predicted pH value, oxidation by dissolved NO2 and the hydrolysis of N2O5 may be the major heterogeneous reactions forming SO4^2– and NO3^– in *** also analyzed the sensitivity of the aerosol p H to changes in the concentrations of SO4^2–, NO3^–, and NH4^＋ under haze conditions. The aerosol p H was more sensitive to the SO4^2– and NH4^＋ concentrations with opposing trends, than to the NO3^– concentrations. The sensitivity of the p H was relatively weak overall, which was attributed to the buffering effect of NH3 partitioning.

关键词： sulfate nitrate ammonium aerosol acidity haze

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Phosphorus in the aerosols over oceans transported offshore from China to the Arctic Ocean: Speciation, spatial distribution, and potential sources

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Advances in Polar Science 2015年第3期26卷 232-238页

作者： SUN Chen xie zhouqing KANG Hui YU Juan Institute of Polar Environment School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China

Atmospheric aerosol samples were collected from July to September 2008 onboard a round-trip cruise over the Eastern China Sea, Japan Sea, Western North Pacific Ocean, and the Arctic Ocean （31.1°N-85.18°N, 122.48°E-146.18°W）. Total phosphorus （TP） and total inorganic phosphorus （TIP） were analyzed. The organic phosphorus （OP） was calculated by subtracting TIP from TP. Average concentrations of TP in the East Asia, Western North Pacific and Arctic Ocean were 7.90±6.45, 6.87±6.66 and 7.13±6.76 ng.m^3, while TIP levels were 6.67±5.02, 6.07±6.58, and 6.23±5.96 along the three regions. TP and TIP levels varied considerably both spatially and temporally over the study extent. TIP was found to be the dominant species in most samples, accounting for 86.6% of TP on average. OP was also a significant fraction of TP due to the primary biogenic aerosol （PBA） contribution. The phosphorus in the atmospheric aerosol over the Arctic Ocean had a higher concentration than previous model simulations. Source apportionment analysis indicates that dust is an important phosphorus source which can be globally transported, and thus dust aerosol may be an important nutrient source in some remote regions.

关键词： phosphorus aerosol spatial distribution speciation sources Arctic Ocean

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Foreword

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Advances in Polar Science 2015年第3期26卷 I0003-I0004页

作者： Liqi Chen zhouqing xie Yuan Gao

Short-lived climatically important atmospheric aerosols and trace gases such as ozone play major roles in global and regional climates, the chemistry of the atmosphere, and the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients such as phosphorus. Because of the large spatial and temporal variations in their characteristics, it is of the utmost importance to have observations from different regions of the globe to understand how they behave in different environments. The polar regions of Earth are extremely sensitive to climate change and are considered to be relatively unspoiled, being situated far from sources of anthropogenic pollution emissions. This makes them ideal places to study natural aerosol processes and to assess the impacts of long-range atmospheric transport. Atmospheric aerosols over the Arctic and Antarctic have been widely studied to provide information on different characteristics including chemical compositions, particle numbers and size distributions, and optical proprieties, etc.

关键词： Foreword over

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Vertical Distribution Characteristics of PM2.5 Observed by a Mobile Vehicle Lidar in Tianjin, China in 2016

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2018年第1期32卷 60-68页

作者： Lihui LYU Yunsheng DONG Tianshu ZHANG Cheng LIU Wenqing LIU zhouqing xie Yan XIANG Yi ZHANG Zhenyi CHEN Guangqiang FAN Leibo ZHANG Yang LIU Yuchen SHI Xiaowen SHU Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences Tianjin 300191 Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuxi Photonics Co. Ltd. Wuxi 214135 The AirForce Military Representative's Office in Beijing Beijing 100086

We present mobile vehicle lidar observations in Tianjin, China during the spring, summer, and winter of 2016. Mobile observations were carried out along the city border road of Tianjin to obtain the vertical distribution characteristics of PM2.5. Hygroscopic growth was not considered since relative humidity was less than 60% during the observation experiments. PM2.5 profile was obtained with the linear regression equation between the particle extinction coefficient and PM2.5 mass concentration. In spring, the vertical distribution of PM2.5 exhibited a hierarchical structure. In addition to a layer of particles that gathered near the ground, a portion of particles floated at 0.6–2.5-km height. In summer and winter, the fine particles basically gathered below 1 km near the ground. In spring and summer, the concentration of fine particles in the south was higher than that in the north because of the influence of south wind. In winter, the distribution of fine particles was opposite to that measured during spring and summer. High concentrations of PM2.5 were observed in the rural areas of North Tianjin with a maximum of 350 μg m^–3 on 13 December2016. It is shown that industrial and ship emissions in spring and summer and coal combustion in winter were the major sources of fine particles that polluted Tianjin. The results provide insights into the mechanisms of haze formation and the effects of meteorological conditions during haze–fog pollution episodes in the Tianjin area.

关键词： mobile vehicle lidar vertical concentration profile fine particle

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