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Sediment Compaction and Pore Pressure Prediction in Deepwater Basin of the South China Sea: Estimation from ODP and IODP Drilling Well Data

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2018年第1期17卷 25-34页

作者： xie yangbing WU Tuoyu SUN Jin ZHANG Hanyu WANG Jiliang GAO Jinwei CHEN Chuanxu Laboratory of Marine Geophysics and Georesources Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory for Marine Geology Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Department of Earth and Environment Sciences University of Windsor ON

Overpressure in deepwater basins not only causes serious soft sediment deformation, but also significantly affects the safety of drilling operations. Therefore, prediction of overpressure in sediments has become an important task in deepwater oil exploration and development. In this study, we analyze the drilling data from ODP Leg 184 Sites 1144, 1146, and 1148, and IODP Leg 349 Sites U1431, U1432, U1433, and U1435 to study the sediment compaction and controls in the northern South China Sea. Sedimentation rate, sediment content, distribution area, and buried depth are the factors that influence sediment compaction in the deepwater basin of the South China Sea. Among these factors, the sediment content is the most important. The fitted normal compacted coefficients and mudline porosity for an interval of 50 m shows disciplinary variation versus depth. The pore pressure predicted from different fitted results shows varying overpressure situations. The normal compaction trend from Site 1144 reflects the porosity variation trend in stable deposition basins in the northern South China Sea. The predicted pore pressure shows overpressure at Site 1144, which is attributed to compaction disequilibrium. Nevertheless, the mixed lithology column may influence the predicted overpressure at Site 1148, which is responsible for the confusing result. Above all, we find that sediment compaction should serve as a proxy for pore pressure in the deepwater basin of the South China Sea.

关键词： normal compaction pore pressure prediction deepwater basin South China Sea

Pre-Drilling Prediction Techniques on the High-Temperature High-Pressure Hydrocarbon Reservoirs Offshore Hainan Island,China

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2018年第1期17卷 72-82页

作者： ZHANG Hanyu LIU Huaishan WU Shiguo SUN Jin YANG Chaoqun xie yangbing CHEN Chuanxu GAO Jinwei WANG Jiliang Laboratory of Marine Geophysics and Georesource Institute of Deep-Sea Science and EngineeringChinese Academy of ScienceSanya 572000China Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques Ministry of EducationOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Laboratory for Marine Geology Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266061China Shenzhen Branch of CNOOC Shenzhen 518000China College of Earth Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Decreasing the risks and geohazards associated with drilling engineering in high-temperature high-pressure(HTHP) geologic settings begins with the implementation of pre-drilling prediction techniques(PPTs). To improve the accuracy of geopressure prediction in HTHP hydrocarbon reservoirs offshore Hainan Island, we made a comprehensive summary of current PPTs to identify existing problems and challenges by analyzing the global distribution of HTHP hydrocarbon reservoirs, the research status of PPTs, and the geologic setting and its HTHP formation mechanism. Our research results indicate that the HTHP formation mechanism in the study area is caused by multiple factors, including rapid loading, diapir intrusions, hydrocarbon generation, and the thermal expansion of pore fluids. Due to this multi-factor interaction, a cloud of HTHP hydrocarbon reservoirs has developed in the Ying-Qiong Basin, but only traditional PPTs have been implemented, based on the assumption of conditions that do not conform to the actual geologic environment, e.g., Bellotti's law and Eaton's law. In this paper, we focus on these issues, identify some challenges and solutions, and call for further PPT research to address the drawbacks of previous works and meet the challenges associated with the deepwater technology gap. In this way, we hope to contribute to the improved accuracy of geopressure prediction prior to drilling and provide support for future HTHP drilling offshore Hainan Island.

关键词： pre-drilling prediction techniques formation pore pressure high-temperature high-pressure hydrocarbon reservoirs Hainan Island Ying-Qiong Basin

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南海深水海盆沉积物压实作用及影响因素

海洋地质与第四纪地质 2017年第3期37卷 37-46页

作者：谢杨冰吴时国中国科学院海洋地质与环境重点实验室中国科学院海洋研究所青岛266071 中国科学院大学北京100049 中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所三亚572000

深水盆地沉积物的压实作用直接关系到沉积物本身的稳定性,沉积物压实不均衡可能引发严重的深水地质灾害,如海底滑坡、浅层气、浅水流等,同时对钻井工程也会造成严重影响,如出现井漏、井喷,甚至引发平台不稳定至坍塌。选取了南海深水盆地... 详细信息

深水盆地沉积物的压实作用直接关系到沉积物本身的稳定性,沉积物压实不均衡可能引发严重的深水地质灾害,如海底滑坡、浅层气、浅水流等,同时对钻井工程也会造成严重影响,如出现井漏、井喷,甚至引发平台不稳定至坍塌。选取了南海深水盆地ODP184航次1144、1146、1148站位与IODP349航次U1431、U1432、U1433、U1435站位的测井数据进行分析,获得了南海深水盆地沉积物正常压实系数与沉积物组分、沉积速率、沉积物埋深等多个影响因素的关系,初步建立起南海深水盆地不同深度沉积物正常压实系数与初始孔隙度的变化规律。为今后研究南海深水盆地地质灾害,特别是超压地质灾害提供参考。

关键词：正常压实系数沉积物组分沉积物深度

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乙醇汽油对汽车污染物排放影响研究进展

环境科学研究 2024年第3期37卷 514-524页

作者：魏阳冰陈宏飞谢沛远孙文欣朱仁成王运静张超越郑州大学生态与环境学院河南郑州450001 中国环境科学研究院北京100012

“双碳”背景下,替代燃料乙醇汽油的推广应用在汽车减污降碳和能源安全领域受到广泛关注.为研究乙醇汽油对汽车污染物和温室气体排放的影响,本研究基于大量文献数据,统计分析了乙醇汽油的使用对汽车尾气常规气态污染物、颗粒物(PM)、温... 详细信息

“双碳”背景下,替代燃料乙醇汽油的推广应用在汽车减污降碳和能源安全领域受到广泛关注.为研究乙醇汽油对汽车污染物和温室气体排放的影响,本研究基于大量文献数据,统计分析了乙醇汽油的使用对汽车尾气常规气态污染物、颗粒物(PM)、温室气体、挥发性有机物(VOCs)以及蒸发排放的影响,并综合评估其对二氧化碳(CO_(2))、PM和VOCs的减排效果,进一步针对典型区域分析乙醇汽油推广应用带来的环境效益.结果表明:①与传统汽油相比,乙醇汽油的使用可以降低尾气中总碳氢化合物(THC)、一氧化碳(CO)、氮氧化物(NOx)、VOCs、PM及其数量的排放,其降幅分别为10.0%、22.0%、1.3%、17.7%、21.3%、14.9%,且减排率均随汽油中乙醇含量的升高而增高,但是有增加VOCs蒸发排放量的趋势.②乙醇汽油对尾气中温室气体的减排效果并不显著,但通过减少化石燃料的使用能在一定程度上减少机动车尾气中CO_(2)的排放.以2022年河南省轻型汽油车保有量为基准,评估了河南省全省推广乙醇汽油(E10汽油)后轻型汽油车CO_(2)、PM及VOCs的减排量,分别为9.1×10^(5)、92.4和1118.1 t/a.研究显示,乙醇汽油的推广使用具有一定的减污降碳协同效益,加强蒸发排放控制能够进一步降低使用乙醇汽油时的污染物排放.

关键词：乙醇汽油尾气排放蒸发排放颗粒物(PM) 挥发性有机物(VOCs) 温室气体

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中西医结合治疗初期乳痈

长春中医药大学学报 2014年第3期30卷 488-490页

作者：周贤刚谢扬兵许明德隆昌县人民医院中医科四川隆昌642150

目的观察中西医结合治疗初期乳痈的疗效和安全性。方法将116例初期乳痈患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,各58例。治疗组给予苯唑西林钠静脉滴注和中药(瓜蒌、牛蒡子、天花粉、黄芩、栀子等)口服及外敷,对照组仅给予苯唑西林钠静脉滴注。2组... 详细信息

目的观察中西医结合治疗初期乳痈的疗效和安全性。方法将116例初期乳痈患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,各58例。治疗组给予苯唑西林钠静脉滴注和中药(瓜蒌、牛蒡子、天花粉、黄芩、栀子等)口服及外敷,对照组仅给予苯唑西林钠静脉滴注。2组均治疗7 d后观察疗效。结果治疗组痊愈率82.76%,优于对照组的65.52%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中西医结合治疗初期乳痈,能清热解毒,消肿排脓,明显改善患者的临床症状。

关键词：乳痈瓜蒌牛蒡汤苯唑西林钠

Effects of Land Management Practices on Labile Organic Carbon Fractions in Rice Cultivation

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Chinese Geographical Science 2009年第3期19卷 241-248页

作者： SHAO Jing＇an LI yangbing WEI Chaofu xie Deti College of Geography Science Chongqing Normal University Chongqing 400047 China College of Resource and Environment Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China

A research trial with four land management practices, i.e., traditional tillage-fallow (TTF), traditional tillage-wheat (TTW), conservation tillage-fallow (CTF) and conservation tillage-wheat (CTW), was sampled in the 15th year after its establishment to assess the effects of different management practices on labile organic carbon fractions (LOCFs), such as easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in a typical paddy soil, Chongqing, Southwest China. The results indicated that LOCFs were significantly influenced by the combination of no-tillage, ridge culture and crop rotation. And, different combination patterns showed different effectiveness on soil LOCFs. The effects of no-tillage, ridge culture and wheat cultivation on EOC, DOC, POC and MBC mainly happened at 0-10cm. At this depth, soil under CTW had higher EOC, DOC, POC and MBC contents, compared to TTF, TTW and CTF, respectively. Moreover, the contents of LOCFs for different practices generally decreased when the soil depth increased. Our findings suggest that the paddy soil in Southwest China could be managed to concentrate greater quantities of EOC, DOC, POC and MBC.

关键词：土地管理制度活性有机碳水稻栽培组分中国西南地区微生物生物量碳保护性耕作传统耕作

Impact of land cover types on the soil characteristics in karst area of Chongqing

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2006年第2期16卷 143-154页

作者： LI yangbing xie Deti WANG Shijie School of Geography and Biology Science Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang 550001China Resources and Environment College Southwest Agricultural UniversityChongqing 400716China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochermstryCASGuiyang 550002China

The 26 plots including natural forestland, secondary forestland, shrub-grassland, sloping cropland, artificial forest and abandoned field, were selected to discuss the impact of land cover on the soil characteristics in the three karst districts of Chongqing. The results showed that：（1） After the vegetation turned into secondary vegetation or artificial vegetation, or reclamation, soil physical properties would be degraded. In the surface-layer soil of sloping cropland, the contents of 〉2 mm water-stable aggregates decreased obviously with apparent sandification. （2） The contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen are controlled completely by vegetation type and land use intensity. The increasing trend is rather slow in the early days when over-reclamation is stopped and the land is converted to forest and pasture. （3） Herbaceous species increase and woody plants species decrease with the increase of land use intensity, therefore, the soil seed banks degrade more seriously. （4） The soil degradation index has been set up to describe the relative soil degradation degree under the conditions of different vegetation types. （5） Land cover has a significant effect on karst soil characteristics, land degradation in the karst ecosystem is essentially characterized by the different degradation of soil functions that serve as water banks, nutrient banks and soil seed banks.

关键词： karst ecosystem vegetation evolution soil degradation soil seed bank soil-land ecology Chongqing

The electron-beam (EB) irradiation and grafting of acrylic monomers onto EPDM copolymer

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第4期45卷 322-325页

作者： ZHANG Sheng WANG Jianqi DING yangbing WU Shaoli xie Liqing Wen Chenlin Beijing Engineering Plastics Alloy Technique Laboratory Beijing Institute of Chemical EngineeringBeijing 100084China National Laboratory of Flame Retardant Materials Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Institute of Low Energy Nuclear Physics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100081China

Radiation techniques (electron-beam, γ-ray, ete.) are usually used f or improving the compatibility between polymer and ingredients in composite materials. Electron-beam pre-irradiation has been used for the first time to enhance the flame retardance of EVA copolymer. Efforts are being made to decline the flammability for EPDM copolymer by EB technique and remarkable reduction has been attained through a series of treatments: pre-irradiation, grafting and saponification.

关键词： electron-beam grafting flame retardance EPDM.

The Evolution of a Karst Rocky Desertification Land Ecosystem and Its Driving Forces in the Houzhaihe Area, China

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Open Journal of Ecology 2015年第10期5卷 501-512页

作者： yangbing Li Jing xie Guangjie Luo Hua Yang Shijie Wang School of Geography and Environmental Science Guizhou Normal University Guiyang China National Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Geochemistry Institute of Chinese Academy of Science Guiyang China

Understanding the evolution of karst rocky desertification (KRD) quantitatively is essential to obtain objective knowledge about the concept of KRD and the form reason of KRD, and is useful to restore KRD land. Houzhaihe area located in central plateau in Guizhou Province was studied here as a representative assemblage landform and its KRD’ s evolution and driving factors were studied, based mainly on high-resolution remote sensing image in 1963, 1978, 2005 and 2010. The KRD land comprises light KRD, moderate KRD and severe KRD. The results demonstrated that the evolution process of KRD can be divided into four modes such as unchanged, weakened, fluctuated and aggravated in the study area. The KRD with no changes from 1963 to 2010, namely, unchanged mode, accounted for 43.76% of the total area of the KRD in 2010;it distributed in the area with the slope of 15° - 25° and >25° basically. Furthermore, the severe KRD distributed mainly in the areas within 300 - 600 m distance from settlement;when the distance away from the rural settlements was more than 900 m, the severe KRD declined, and its proportion was 28.6% and 10.6% in 1963 and 2010 respectively. In the peak-cluster depressions, located in central study area, the slope cropland with slope of 15° - 25° was still abounding, and was seriously rocky desertification generally. So, we propose that the existence of a large number of slope croplands is still the major driving factor of land rocky desertification. Therefore, for the rocky desertification control, the authors consider that the focal point is to alter the land use of steep-slope cropland at present.

关键词： Karst Rocky Desertification Evolution Driving Mechanism Central Plateau in Guizhou