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Control of atmospheric CO_2.concentrations by 2.50: A calculation on the emission rights of different countries

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Science china Earth sciences 2009年第10期52卷 1447-1469页

作者： ding zhongli1, DUAN XiaoNan2. GE QuanSheng3 & ZHANG ZhiQiang4 1 {2. of geology and geophysics, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 10002., china 2.The General Office of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100864, china 3 {2. of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100101, china 4 The Lanzhou Branch of the National Science Library, the Scientific Information Center for Resources and Environment, Lanzhou 730000, china institute of geology and {2. Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China The General Office of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100864 China institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy

This paper is to provide quantitative data on some critical issues in anticipation of the forthcoming international negotiations in Denmark on the control of atmospheric CO2.concentrations. Instead of letting only a small number of countries dominate a few controversial dialogues about emissions reductions, a comprehensive global system must be established based on emissions allowances for different countries, to realize the long-term goal of controlling global atmospheric CO2.concentrations. That a system rooted in "cumulative emissions per capita," the best conception of the "common but differentiated responsibilities" principle affirmed by the Kyoto Protocol according to fundamental standards of fairness and justice, was demonstrated. Based on calculations of various countries' cumulative emissions per capita, estimates of their cumulative emissions from 1900 to 2.05, and their annual emissions allowances into the future (2.06―2.50), a 470 ppmv atmospheric CO2.concentration target was set. According to the following four objective indicators―total emissions allowance from 1900 to 2.50, actual emissions from 1900 to 2.05, emissions levels in 2.05, and the average growth rate of emissions from 1996 to 2.05―all countries and regions whose population was more than 300000 in 2.05 were divided into four main groups: countries with emissions deficits, countries and regions needing to reduce their gross emissions, countries and regions needing to reduce their emissions growth rates, and countries that can maintain the current emissions growth rates. Based on this proposal, most G8 countries by 2.05 had already expended their 2.50 emissions allowances. The accu-mulated financial value based on emissions has reached more than 5.5 trillion US dollars (2. dollars per ton of CO2.. Even if these countries could achieve their ambitious emissions reduction targets in the future, their per capita emissions from 2.06 to 2.50 would still be much higher than those of developing coun

关键词： international negotiations on climate change cumulative emissions per capita emission allowance

U-Pb dating of zircon from the bed parallel anatectic granitic intrusion in the Baoban group in Hainan Island and the tectonic implication

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Science china Earth sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2092-2103页

作者： ding Shijiang1, HU Jianmin2. SONG Biao3,4, CHEN Mulun1, xie Shengzhou1 & FAN Yuan1 1. Geological Surveying {2. of Hainan, Haikou 5702.6, china 2. {2. of Geomechanics, chinese academy of Geological sciences, Beijing 100081, china 3. Beijing Center of SHRIMP, Beijing 100037, china 4. {2. of geology, chinese academy of Geological sciences, Beijing 100037, china 1. Geological Surveying institute of Hainan 570206 Haikou China 2. institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences 100081 Beijing China 3. Beijing Center of SHRIMP 100037 Beijing China 4. institute of geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences 100037 Beijing China

The petrological and geochemical features of the bed parallel granitic intrusion in the Pre-Cambrian Baoban group in Hainan Island attest to the anatexis origin of the granites. U-Pb dating analyses of zircons from the anatectic granite and the biotite two-feldspar gneiss in the Baoban group, using SHRIMP II in the Beijing Ion-probe Center, acquire 2.6Pb/2.8U ages of 368±3.5 Ma (of granite, 95% confidence level, MSDW=1.2.) and 362.9±6.1 Ma (of gneiss, 95% confidence level, MSDW = 2.04) respectively. The two late Devonian ages indicate consistently a tectonic- thermal event experienced in Hainan Island, and are the first discovered record of the Devonian geological process in the district. This event possibly resulted from the deep ther-mal-dynamic process when the Gondwana continent began to break up in the Devonian period.

关键词： Hainan Island, Devonian period, anatectic granite, zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating.

The species diversity of fusulinaceans and high-frequency sea-level changes in the Carboniferous-Permian boundary section at Xikou, Zhen'an County,Shaanxi Province, china

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第7期49卷 673-683页

作者： ZHANG Haijun1, WANG Xunlian2. ding Lin1, XIA Guoying3 & WANG Lei2.1. institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,{2., Beijing 100085, china 2. Faculty of Earth sciences and Mineral Resources, china University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, china 3. Tianjin institute of geology and Mineral Resources, Tianjin 300170, china 1. institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China 2. Faculty of Earth sciences and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China 3. Tianjin institute of geology and Mineral Resources Tianjin 300170 China

The study on the interrelation between sea-level changes and biodiversity with its evolu-tion has great significance for understanding the impact of global changes on organic evolution and exploring the inherent laws of life-environment coevolution in geological history. In this paper, the stratigraphic distribution of fusulinacean fauna in the Carboniferous-Permian boundary section at Xikou, Zhen’an County, Shaanxi Province, is analyzed quantitatively, and the relationship between the species diversity of fusulinaceans and relative sea-level changes is discussed. As a whole, the spe-cies numbers of fusulinacean fauna experience a rapid increase and an obvious decline in Xikou, Zhen’an County, from the Late Carboniferous to the Early Permian. There is a significant increase in species diversity around the Carboniferous-Permian boundary, which is one of the biggest bio-events of the fusulinacean fauna, and represents the radiation of Pseudoschwagerininae subfamily in the studied area. Integrated fusulinacean species diversity into sequence stratigraphic framework, de-tailed study suggests that the species diversity of the fusulinaceans is closely related to its relative stratigraphic location, and is essentially controlled by the sea-level changes, especially by the high-frequency sea-level changes. Generally, the species diversity of fusulinaceans is low, and the number of first and last appearance datum is small in the lower unit of high-frequency depositional cycle formed during the quick rise of the sea level; whereas the species diversity of fusulinaceans is high, and the number of first and last appearance datum is large in the upper unit of high-frequency cycle formed during the slow fall of the sea level. Within the third-order depositional sequence, the species diversity of the fusulinaceans at the first flooding surfaces and the maximum flooding surfaces is low, and it increases upward. The fusulinacean species diversity is low within the transgressive syst

关键词： fusulinaceans, species diversity, high-frequency cyclothem, sequence stratigraphy, sea-level changes, Carboniferous-Permian boundary, Zhen'an, Shaanxi.

Discovery of eclogite and its geological significance in Qiangtang area, central Tibet

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Science Bulletin 2006年第9期51卷 1095-1100页

作者： LI Cai1, ZHAI Qingguo2. DONG Yongsheng1 & HUANG Xiaopeng11. College of Earth sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, china 2. {2. of geology, chinese academy of Geological sciences, Bei- jing 100037, china College of Earth sciences Jilin University Changchun 130061 China institute of geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China

Eclogite is first discovered from Qiang- tang area, central Tibet, which occurs as a lens in the high-pressure metamorphic belt comprising glauco- phane-muscovite schist and garnet-muscovite schist, along the south margin of Lungmu Co-Shuanghu Paleo-Tethys suture. A glaucophane 40Ar/39Ar age of 2.0 Ma and a phengite 40Ar/39Ar age of 2.1.9 Ma have been obtained from blueschists associated with eclogite. The rock consists of garnet, omphacite, amphibole, phengite, and rutile, etc, and the jadeite content in omphacite ranges from 32.7% to 38.95%. It is estimated that the temperature of the eclogite is 1.56― 2.35 GPa. The discovery of Qiangtang ecologite fur- ther supports that there is a suture zone of Indo- chinese epoch in central Qiangtang area, and is very important for discssing the evolution of the pa- leo-ocean and paleo-plate tectonics in this area.

关键词： Qianghai-Tibet Plateau Qiangtang eclogite tectonics.

Organic Integration of Traditional chinese and Western Medicines—Future of Clinical Practice Guidelines of Integrated Traditional chinese and Western Medicines

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chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第4期30卷 359-365页

作者： xie Ying-lan HAN Fei JIN Ying-hui ding Yan-bing GUO {2. JI Dong-xiao ZHANG Teng CHENXiao-min SHANG Hong-cai Department of Traditional chinese Medicine Encephalopathy Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineWuhan(430074)China Department of Traditional chinese Medicine Encephalopathy Hubei Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Research InstituteWuhan(430074)China Xuanwu Hospital of Traditional chinese Medicine Beijing(100000)China Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan(430074)China College of Acupuncture and Massage College of Health and RehabilitationNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing(210023)China Department of Ophthalmology Huaihe Hospital of Henan UniversityKaifengHenan Province(475000)China Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Internal Medicine of Traditional chinese Medicine Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijing(100700)China

The transformation and implementation of clinical practice guidelines for integrated traditional chinese medicine(TCM)and Western medicine(WM)is crucial to the adoption of medical science and technological findings and is an important way for TCM to be made available to the ***,clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)of TCM and WM integration in recent years was analyzed to clarify the current situation and problems in the existing guidelines according to the following four perspectives:(1)perspective of TCM and WM integration in guidelines,(2.diagnosis Using integrated TCM and WM,(3)integration of TCM and WM treatment,(4)promoting TCM and WM ***,the information and quality evaluation of CPGs for integrated chinese and Western medicine in 2.2.–2.2. were analyzed to explore the degree and methods of integration of chinese and Western medicine *** last this study aimed to lay a foundation for the further establishment of chinese characteristic,repeatable,and calculable clinical practice guidelines of TCM and WM integration.

关键词： clinical practice guidelines integrated traditional chinese and Western medicine organic integration

Environmental records of lacustrine sediments in different time scales:Sediment grain size as an example

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Science china Earth sciences 2004年第10期47卷 954-960页

作者： CHEN jing’an1, WAN Guojiang1, David Dian Zhang2. ZHANG Feng1 & HUANG Ronggui1 1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, institute of Geochemistry,{2., Guiyang 550002. china 2. Department of Geography and geology, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, china 1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 550002 Guiyang China 2. Department of Geography and geology University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China

Sediment grain size is a conventional proxy of climatic changes. Larger sediment grain size is often interpreted to indicate dry climate during lower lake level while smaller sedi- ment grain size implies wet climate during higher lake level. Through detailed study on sediment grain sizes in Lake Erhai and Lake Chenghai, this paper reveals the different indication signifi- cances of sediment grain sizes in different time scales, different resolution investigations. For long time-scale and low resolution (102. or 103a) studies, larger sediment grain size indicates lower lake level, smaller lake area and drier climate while smaller sediment grain size indicates higher lake level, larger lake area and wetter climate. For short time-scale and high resolution (a or 10a) studies, larger sediment grain size reflects more rainfall and wetter climate while smaller sediment grain size reflects less rainfall and drier climate. Environmental information revealed by lacustrine sediment records is often different in different time scales because of the variance of sedimentation resolution, sampling resolution and dating precision. Therefore, paleoclimate im- plications of environmental proxies in long time-scale and low resolution investigations could not be mechanically applied to short time-scale and high resolution studies. Only after synthetically analyzing the influence manner and extent of all factors on the sediment records in different time scales, can credible conclusions be obtained.

关键词： lacustrine sediment, environmental record, grain size, time scale.

A new method for spatio-temporal prediction of rainfall-induced landslide

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第4期49卷 421-430页

作者： ding Jixin1,2. YANG Zhifa2. SHANG Yanjun2. ZHOU Shenghua1 & YIN Juntao3 1. china Non-ferrous Metals Resource Geological Survey, Bei{2. 100012. china 2. institute of geology and geophysics, chinese academy of sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics, Bei{2. 10002., china 3. School of Geoscience & Environmental Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, china 1. china Non-ferrous Metals Resource Geological Survey Beijing 100012 China 2. institute of geology and {2. Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics Beijing 100029 China 3. School of Geoscience & Environmental Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 China

Geological condition and rainfall are two most principal conditions inducing landslides in the Chongqing region. By analyzing the forming conditions of rainfall-induced landslides, a new method for spatio-temporal prediction of rainfall-induced landslide is brought forward on the basis of grading and overlapping geological condition and rainfall factor in this paper. At first, semi-quantitative assessment and grading for the geological condition of a certain area or slope can be carried out with the multi-factor interactive matrix. Then the severity of rainfall in that area is grading according to the maximum daily rainfall and the total rainfall in a rainfall course. Finally, the “landslide probability judgement factor” can be worked out through grading and overlapping “geological condition influenc- ing factor” and “rainfall influencing factor”, by which the landslide can be graded into 4 grades, they are landslide extremely easily happening, landslide easily happening, landslide difficultly happening and landslide hardly ever happening respectively. More accurate spatio-temporal prediction of rain- fall-induced landslides can come true on the ground of detailed geological survey of some dangerous slopes in an area and more precise weather forecast. Finally, the reliability and feasibility of carrying out the spatio-temporal prediction of rainfall-induced landslides with the method of “two factors” grading and overlapping are validated by the example of Jipazi landslide.

关键词： rainfall-induced landslide, geological condition, rainfall, two factors, grading and overlapping, interactive matrix, spatio-temporal prediction.

Textured Asymmetric Membrane Electrode Assemblies of Piezoelectric Phosphorene and Ti_(3)C_(2.T_(x)MXene Heterostructures for Enhanced Electrochemical Stability and Kinetics in LIBs

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第4期16卷 394-414页

作者： Yihui Li Juan xie Ruofei Wang Shugang Min Zewen Xu Yangjian ding Pengcheng Su Xingmin Zhang Liyu Wei {2.‑Feng Li Zhaoqiang Chu {2.yu Sun Cheng Huang Volta and DiPole Materials Labs College of EnergySoochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS(SIEMIS)Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu ProvinceKey Laboratory of Core Technology of High Specific Energy Battery and Key Materials for Petroleum and Chemical IndustrySoochow UniversitySuzhou 215006People’s Republic of China School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013People’s Republic of China College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering Harbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001People’s Republic of China Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteShanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201204People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China High Density Materials Technology Center for Flexible Hybrid Electronics Suzhou Institute of Electronic Functional Materials TechnologySuzhou Industrial Technology Research InstituteSuzhou 215151People’s Republic of China institute of Advanced Materials and institute of Membrane Science and Technology Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsSuzhou Laboratory and Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816People’s Republic of China

Black phosphorus with a superior theoretical capacity(2.96 mAh g^(-1))and high conductivity is regarded as one of the powerful candidates for lithium-ion battery(LIB)anode materials,whereas the severe volume expansion and sluggish kinetics still impede its applications in *** contrast,the exfoliated two-dimensional phosphorene owns negligible volume variation,and its intrinsic piezoelectricity is considered to be beneficial to the Li-ion transfer kinetics,while its positive influence has not been discussed ***,a phosphorene/MXene heterostructure-textured nanopiezocomposite is proposed with even phosphorene distribution and enhanced piezo-electrochemical coupling as an applicable free-standing asymmetric membrane electrode beyond the skin effect for enhanced Li-ion *** experimental and simulation analysis reveals that the embedded phosphorene nanosheets not only provide abundant active sites for Li-ions,but also endow the nanocomposite with favorable piezoelectricity,thus promoting the Li-ion transfer kinetics by generating the piezoelectric field serving as an extra *** waltzing with the MXene framework,the optimized electrode exhibits enhanced kinetics and stability,achieving stable cycling performances for 1,000 cycles at 2.A g^(-1),and delivering a high reversible capacity of 52. m Ah g^(-1)at-2.℃,indicating the positive influence of the structural merits of self-assembled nanopiezocomposites on promoting stability and kinetics.

关键词： Phosphorene Nanopiezocomposite Piezo-electrochemical coupling Membrane electrode assembly Lithium-ion storage

Developmental sequence of Cambrian embryo Markuelia

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chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第7期52卷 929-935页

作者： DONG XiPing1,2.1 School of Earth and Space sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871,{2. 2.Laboratory of Palaeobiology & Stratigraphy, Nanjing institute of geology and Palaeontology, chinese academy of sciences, Nan-jing 2.0008,{2. (email: dongxp@***) School of Earth and Space sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Based on more exquisitely preserved specimens of Markuelia hunanensis recently recovered from Middle and Upper Cambrian in western Hunan and in the light of Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomo-graphic microscopy, the developmental sequence from cleavage through organogenesis to the pre-hatching of Cambrian embryo Markuelia, especially the developmental sequence during the pre-hatching stage, i.e. from the earliest period when the scalids and tail spines only took shape to the latest period (just about hatching), is established. This developmental sequence provides a pattern of embryonic development during the pre-hatching stage, which has not been established in the living scalidophorans (priapulids, loriciferans and kinorhynchs). Thus, it not only enriches our knowledge on the embryonic development of the extant descendants of Markuelia, but also opens a new window to the evolution and development of the animal.

关键词：寒武纪蠕虫化石胚胎发育序列两侧对称动物胚胎