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Digital image analysis of palaeoenvironmental records and applications

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第23期47卷 1957-1963,2025-2026页

作者： SUN Donghuai1,2. LIU Yu2.& TAN Ming31. South china Sea institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Guangzhou 510301, china 2. State key laboratory of Loess and Quaternary geology, Earth Environmental institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710075, china 3. institute of geology and geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10002., china South china Sea institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China State key laboratory of Loess and Quaternary {2. Earth Environmental Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an China institute of geology and geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Environmental change signals in geological or biological records are commonly reflected on their reflecting or transmitting images. These environmental signals can be extracted through digital image analysis. The analysis principle involves section line selection, color value reading and calculating environmental proxy index along the section lines, layer identification, auto-chronology and investigation of structure evolution of growth bands. On detailed illustrations of the image technique, this note provides image analyzing procedures of coral, tree-ring and stalagmite records. The environmental implications of the proxy index from image analysis are accordingly given through application demonstration of the image technique.

关键词： digital image environmental records.

Fossil bacteria in Xuanlong iron ore deposits of Hebei Province

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Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第4期47卷 347-356页

作者： DAI Yongding, SONG Haiming & SHEN Jiying institute of geology and geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing {2., china institute of geology and geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

Discovered in Early Proterozoic Xuanlong iron ore deposits are six genera of fossil iron bacteria, i. e. sphere (coenobium of) rod-shaped (monomer) Naumanniella, ellipsoid elliptical Ochrobium,sphere spherical Siderocapsa and chain spherical Siderococcus, chain rod-shaped Leptothrix and Lieskeella, and six genera of fossil blue bacteria, namely sphere spherical Gloeocapsa, Synechocystis and Globobacter, chain spherical Anabaena and Nostoc, and con-strictive septate tubular Nodularia. The biomineralized monomers and coenobia of the two cate-gories of bacteria, together with hematite plates made up the bacteria pelletal, bacteria silky, bacteria fibrous and clasty bacteria pelletal textural lamina. The bacteria pelletal laminae com-bined with other bacteria laminae to make up oncolite, stromatolite and laminate. The precipita-tion of iron oxide was accelerated due to iron and blue bacteria cohabiting on microbial film or mat. The Xuanlong iron ore deposits are microbial binding ore deposits of ocean source.

关键词： iron and blue bacteria, bacteria textural lamina, microbial ore deposits, Late Early Proterozoic.

Low-temperature magnetic properties of horse spleen ferritin

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第27期55卷 3174-3180页

作者： TIAN LanXiang 1,2.CAO ChangQian 1,2.LIU QingSong 1,2.&PAN YongXin 1,2.1key laboratory of the Earth’s Deep Interior,{2.,Chinese Academy of Sciences,{2. 10002.,china 2.ranco-Chinese Biomineralization and Nano-structures laboratory,{2. 10002.,china key laboratory of the Earth''s Deep Interior Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Franco-Chinese Biomineralization and Nano-structures laboratory Beijing 100029 China

The magnetic properties of the antiferromagnetic cores in ferritin are of importance in the construction and improvement of ferritin-based magnetic resonance imaging systems and their application to environmental *** this study,we carry out integrated magnetic and transmission electron microscopy analyses of horse spleen ferritin(HoSF)to understand the relationships between the magnetic behavior of HoSF and temperature,applied field and grain-size *** R-value from the Wohlfarth-Cisowski test for the investigated sample at 5 K was 0.46,indicating very weak magnetostatic interactions among the nanoparticles of *** nanoparticles of HoSF show superparamagnetic properties at room temperature,while below the blocking temperature of Tb≈12.K it has a net magnetic moment that comes from the uncompensated spins of the nanoparticle surface or *** thermal relaxation process of HoSF follows the Néel-Arrhenius *** low-temperature AC susceptibility data,we calculated the effective magnetic anisotropy energy Ea=(5.52.0.16)×10-2. J;the effective magnetic anisotropy energy constant Keff=(4.65±0.14)×10 4 J/m3 and the pre-exponential frequency factor f0 =(4.52.2.93)×1011 *** values are useful in understanding the magnetic behavior of the antiferromagnetic nanoparticles and their potential application in biomedical technology.

关键词：马脾铁蛋白低温度磁性质透射电子显微镜磁各向异性常数纳米粒子生物医学技术交流磁化率

The crustal structure under Sanjiang and its dynamic implications:Revealed by seismic reflection/refraction profile between Zhefang and Binchuan,Yunnan

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第9期48卷 1329-1336页

作者： ZHANG Zhongjie1, BAI Zhiming1, WANG Chunyong2. TENG Jiwen1, Lü Qingtian3, LI Jiliang1, LIU Yifeng1 & LIU Zhenkuan4 1. institute of geology and geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing {2., china 2. institute of geophysics, china Seismological Bureau, beijing 100085, china 3. institute of Deposition Resource, Chinese Academy of Geosciences, beijing 100037, china 4. School of Exploration and Information, china University of Geosciences, beijing 100083, china 1. institute of geology and geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100029 Beijing China 2. institute of geophysics China Seismological Bureau 100085 Beijing China 3. institute of Deposition Resource Chinese Academy of Geosciences 100037 Beijing China 4. School of Exploration and Information China University of Geosciences 100083 Beijing China

The fault belts in Sanjiang mainly include Jinshajiang-Honghe fault, Lancangjiang fault and Nujiang fault (called Sanjiang faults) in western Yunnan Province, china. By interpreting the wide-angle seismic reflection/refraction profile between Zhefang and Binchuan, which crosses Tengchong and Baoshan blocks in Dianxi (western Yunnan) tectonic zone, we recon- struct the crustal structure with seismic traveltime tomography for crustal P-wave velocity and the seismic scattering image for crustal seismic reflection structure. In this paper, we firstly present the crustal structure images of P-wave velocity and seismic reflection under the wide-angle seismic profile. These results demonstrate that, the crustal velocity structure and seismic reflec- tion structure along the profile can be divided into 3 segments, and there is an obvious difference of crustal structure among the eastern, the western and the middle segment. Generally, crustal P-wave velocities in the Baoshan segment are 0.1―0.2.km/s slower and seismic reflection am- plitudes from Moho discontinuity are stronger than the other 2.segments. In the studied area, crustal thickness is about 40 km, and shows the thickening tendency from west to east along the profile. Additionally, it can be seen that there is one strong-amplitude seismic reflection event as bright points at the depths of 8―10 km, along the segment of 80―115 km of the profile (south- ward of Tengchong); and seismic reflection wave-field from Moho discontinuity varies obviously along the lateral direction. Finally, we make some discussions on the crustal thickening pattern in the Sanjiang fault belt, structural environment of earthquake development and the contact rela- tionship between the Tengchong block, Banshan block and Luxi trough.

关键词： Sanjiang area wide-angle seismic profile crustal structure.

Typical basin-fill sequences and basin migration in Yanshan, North china ——Response to Mesozoic tectonic transition

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Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第2期47卷 181-192页

作者： LI Zhong, LIU Shaofeng, ZHANG Jinfang & WANG Qingchen1. institute of geology and geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing {2., china 2. china University of Geosciences, beijing 100083, chinaCorrespondence should be addressed to Li Zhong (email: lizhongd@***) 1. institute of geology and geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100029 Beijing China 2. china University of Geosciences 100083 Beijing China

Basin-fill sequences of Mesozoic typical basins in the Yanshan area, North china may be divided into four phases, reflecting lithosphere tectonic evolution from flexure (T3), flexure with weak rifting (J1+2., tectonic transition (J3), and rifting (K). Except the first phase, the other three phases all start with lava and volcaniclastic rocks, and end with thick coarse clastic rocks and/or conglomerates, showing cyclic basin development rather than simple cyclic rift mechanism and disciplinary basin-stress change from extension to compression in each phase. Prototype basin analysis, based on basin-fill sequences, paleocurrent distribution and depositional systems, shows that single basin-strike and structural-line direction controlling basin development had evidently changed from east-west to northeast in Late Jurassic in the Yanshan area, although basin group still occurred in east-west zonal distribution. Till Early Cretaceous, main structural-line strike controlling basins just turned to northeast by north in the studied area.

关键词： Yanshan, Mesozoic, basin-fill, paleocurrent, tectonic transition.

Crustal structure of Gondwana-and Yangtze-typed blocks:An example by wide-angle seismic profile from Menglian to Malong in western Yunnan

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第11期48卷 1828-1836页

作者： ZHANG Zhongjie1, BAI Zhiming1, WANG Chunyong2. TENG Jiwen1, Lü Qingtian3, LI Jiliang1, SUN Shanxue1 & WANG Xinzheng1 1. institute of geology and geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing {2., china 2. institute of geophysics, Chinese Seismological Bureau, beijing 100081, china 3. institute of Deposition Resource, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, beijing 100037, china 1. institute of geology and geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100029 Beijing China 2. institute of geophysics Chinese Seismological Bureau 100081 Beijing China 3. institute of Deposition Resource Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences 100037 Beijing China

The wide-angle seismic profile between Menglian and Malong crosses the Baoshan block (Gondwana-typed), and Simao and southwestern Yangtze blocks (Yangtze-typed). By in-terpreting the wide-angle seismic data, we obtained the seismic crust/upper mantle structure of P-wave velocities together with the seismic reflections of these three blocks, Changning- Menglian and Mojiang suture zones among the mentioned three blocks. Our interpreting results demonstrate that the P-wave crustal velocity of Simao block is slower than that of Baoshan and southwestern Yangtze block and the crustal thickness gradually thickens from the Baoshan block, Simao to southwestern Yangtze block. Crustal reflection patterns of these three blocks have dis-tinct differences too. For the Gondwana-typed blocks, seismic reflections in the upper crust are well developed while in middle-lower crust they are very weak. The crustal reflections in the Yangtze block are very well developed. The crustal reflection patterns in Simao and southwest-ern Yangtze blocks are distinguishable. The average thickness of the crust in the studied area is about 40 km. And we make some discussions on the crustal thickening model of the three blocks in western Yunnan and tectonic setting of seismic developing and interaction of Gondwana and Yangtze blocks.

关键词： Gondwana blocks,Yangtze blocks,wide-angle profile,crustal structure,tectonic setting

Geological analysis and physical modeling of structural pumping in high effective formation of Kela 2.gas field

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第10期49卷 1070-1078页

作者： ZHAO Wenzhi1, WANG Hongjun1, SHAN Jiazeng2. WANG Zecheng1 & XU Dafeng1 1. Research institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Petrochina, {2. 100083, china 2. institute of geology and geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, {2. 10002., china 1. Research institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Petrochina Beijing 100083 China 2. institute of geology and geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

In a 3-D closed geological body, in case “structural expanding” inside is induced by stress, it can produce the pressure difference between the expanding cell and surrounding rock, then generate a pumping force directed toward the cell and accelerate the directional flow of fluid in the strata. The structural style and conditions of gas reservoir-formation in the Kuqa depression are favorable to the structural pumping. According to similarity principle, a physical modeling of structure formation and gas filling process of the Kela 2.gas field has justified the occurrence of structural pumping and its important role in gas-reservoir formation with high efficiency under the compressive and well-sealed circumstance. Therefore, authors propose that structural pumping is an important mechanism of gas reservoir-formation with high efficiency in the Kuqa depression.

关键词： Kela 2 gas field, structural pumping, gas-reservoir formation mechanism, high efficiency,physical modeling.

Experimental studies on pathway patterns of secondary oil migration

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Experimental studies on pathway patterns of secondary oil mi...

No apparent lock-in depth of the Laschamp geomagnetic excursion: Evidence from the Malan loess

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2.04学术年会

作者： HOU Ping,ZHOU Bo & luo xiaorong {2. laboratory of {2. resources,institute of geology and geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 10002.,china

The oil migration patterns in porous medium are discussed based on the results of diphasic expulsing *** the experiments,dyed kerosene was used as expulsing phase to expulse water saturated in a glass cylinder filled with sorted glass *** series of experiments were done:one with different initial oil column heights and the other with variable oil injection *** secondary migration patterns,including stable displacement pattern,fingering pattern and stringing pattern may be recognized in each series of *** classic dimensionless parameters,the modified Bond number and the Capillary number,were used to construct a phase diagram that may characterize the patterns.A new method was proposed to calculate the Darcian velocity of moving kerosene in the cylinder when only buoyancy force acts. It is found that when Darcian velocity is used to get the two dimensionless parameters,the data from both series of experiments,as well as those obtained from literatures,may be reasonably drawn in a phase diagram to identify the three migration patterns.

关键词： secondary migration migration patterns phase diagram simulation experiments Darcian velocity

来源： cnki会议评论

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第9期49卷 960-967页

作者： ZHU Rixiang1, LIU Qingsong1,2. PAN Yongxin1, DENG Chenglong1, ZHANG Rui1 & WANG Xianfeng3 1. Paleomagnetism and Geochronology laboratory (SKL of Lithosphere Evolution), institute of geology and geophysics, Chi- nese Academy of Sciences, {2. 10002., china 2. institute of geophysics and Planetary geophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA 3. Department of geology and geophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA 1. Paleomagnetism and Geochronology laboratory (SKL of Lithosphere Evolution) Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China 2. institute of geophysics and Planetary geophysics University of California Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA 3. Department of geology and geophysics University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA

The first-order chronological framework of the long-term Chinese loess/paleosol sequences was based mainly on magnetostratigraphy. However, there remain arguments on the lock-in ages of the major geomagnetic reversals. This study systematically compared the stratigraphic locations of the Laschamp excursion and Henrich events (H4 at～39 ka and H5 at～48 ka) recorded by the luochuan loess profile in the central Chinese Loess Plateau. Results show that the Lascchamp excursion is bracketed well by these two cold events, and the corresponding estimated age is between about 41.7-43.7 ka, which is close to the widely accepted age of ～40-41 ka for the ***, our new results do not suggest apparent lock-in effects in the last glacial Malan loess.

关键词： Chinese loess, Laschamp excursion, Henrich event, lock-in depth.