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奥氏体不锈钢应力腐蚀和氢致开裂的机理

金属学报 1985年第1期21卷 86-94页

作者：褚武扬王核力马若涛肖纪美北京钢铁学院

通过金相跟踪观察、力学测量及断口分析,研究了奥氏体不锈钢氢致开裂和应力腐蚀的机理.结果表明,无论是不稳定型（321）还是稳定型（310）奥氏体不锈钢,电解充氢时先产生塑性变形,当它发展到临界状态时就导致氢致裂纹的形核.但在42%MgCl... 详细信息

通过金相跟踪观察、力学测量及断口分析,研究了奥氏体不锈钢氢致开裂和应力腐蚀的机理.结果表明,无论是不稳定型（321）还是稳定型（310）奥氏体不锈钢,电解充氢时先产生塑性变形,当它发展到临界状态时就导致氢致裂纹的形核.但在42%MgCl2沸腾溶液中应力腐蚀时,裂纹的形核和滞后塑性变形无关.两种（321）輿氏体不锈钢应力腐蚀的门槛值KISCC远比严重充氢时氢致开裂的门槛值KIH要低.两者的断口形貌也不同,应力腐蚀是解理断口,且和KI无关.而氢致开裂断口和KI有关,KI高是韧窝,KI低则获得准解理断口.实验表明,氢在奥氏体不锈钢应力腐蚀（沸腾MgCl2介质）过程中并不起主要作用.

关键词：应力腐蚀充氢奥氏体不锈钢氢致开裂

MECHANISM OF HYDROGEN-INDUCED SOFTENING——CAUSE OF HYDROGEN-INDUCED APPARENT YIELD STRESS REDUCTION

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Science in China,Ser.A 1986年第11期 1157-1171页

作者：张统一褚武扬肖纪美 Department of Metal Physics Beijing University of Iron and Steel Technology

The calculation based on the Boltzmann distribution shows that the strain field of hydrogen in α-Fe is of intensive tetragonal symmetry, e. g. ε11=0.1772, ε22=ε33=0.0026. Therefore, there is an elastic interaction between hydrogen and a screw dislocation and a hydrogen atmosphere around the screw dislocation. The calculation indicates that the minimum of the interaction energy is about 28 kJ/mol. The hydrogen atmosphere around the screw dislocation will become asymmetrical if an external stress is applied. As a result, an additional force will act on the screw dislocation and help the external stress to make the dislocation multiply and/or move. Thus, the apparent yield stress τc, which is a necessary external stress to produce the macroscopic plastic deformation, will evidently decrease. For example, τc= 0.53τs when the hydrogen concentration C0= 1.8×10（-3） wppm and T=250 K.

关键词： exp MECHANISM OF HYDROGEN-INDUCED SOFTENING CAUSE OF HYDROGEN-INDUCED APPARENT YIELD STRESS REDUCTION

用晶体弹塑性有限单元法研究双晶金属拉伸变形

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固体力学学报 1989年第3期10卷 227-235页

作者：卫超钱仁根林实肖纪美北京钢铁学院

本文从单晶体应力-应变关系的精确实验结果和多晶体滑移特性出发,建立相应的计算模型,并采用微观力学和晶体弹塑性有限单元法,研究双晶金属试样的拉伸变形,得到其应力-应变曲线,晶体内滑移变形和应力分布规律,以及晶界影响区对它们的影响。

关键词：金属变形双晶弹塑性有限元法

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氢致滞后塑性变形机理研究

金属学报 1982年第1期V 18卷 47-57页

作者：褚武扬肖纪美李世琼朱淑彦北京钢铁学院

利用光滑拉伸试样以及带有应力梯度的弯曲试样和预裂纹试样（Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型以及Ⅰ—Ⅲ复合型）,研究了氢对产生局部宏观塑性变形所需外应力（称为表观屈服应力）的影响。结果表明,氢对低合金钢的屈服强度影响不大,但如试样中存在拉应力梯度... 详细信息

利用光滑拉伸试样以及带有应力梯度的弯曲试样和预裂纹试样（Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型以及Ⅰ—Ⅲ复合型）,研究了氢对产生局部宏观塑性变形所需外应力（称为表观屈服应力）的影响。结果表明,氢对低合金钢的屈服强度影响不大,但如试样中存在拉应力梯度,则当钢的强度和进入试样的氢浓度超过临界值后,氢能使表观屈服应力明显下降,这就是氢致滞后塑性变形的原因。氢致表观屈服应力的下降是由氢的扩散所控制的。它明显依赖加载速度和试验温度。但它随试验温度的变化不是单调的,在室温附近存在一个极值。对仅存在剪应力梯度的Ⅲ型裂纹试样,充氢后表观扭转屈服应力并不降低,沿原裂纹面也不产生滞后裂纹,即KⅢH=KⅢC,但在和原裂纹面成-45°的平面上却能产生氢致滞后塑性变形和裂纹。对Ⅰ—Ⅲ复合型试样,只有当恒定的KⅠ大到足以单独就能产生滞后塑性变形时才能使表观扭转屈服应力开始下降。提出了一个氢使表观屈服应力下降的机构。

关键词：裂纹面放氢充氢应力梯度塑性变形范性变形拉伸试样表观屈服应力原子氢机理研究

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论学习

世界科技研究与发展 1997年第2期19卷 35-40页

作者：肖纪美北京科技大学材料物理系

(一)引论从小学到研究生院,学习了十九年;摘了学生的帽子,从事教育和科研工作,又是五十一年,总是在学习;展望今后十五年(1996-2010)大局,为了实现两个根本转变、实施两个基本战略,许多新概念、新事物,又必须学习.真是:'活到老,学到老.'... 详细信息

(一)引论从小学到研究生院,学习了十九年;摘了学生的帽子,从事教育和科研工作,又是五十一年,总是在学习;展望今后十五年(1996-2010)大局,为了实现两个根本转变、实施两个基本战略,许多新概念、新事物,又必须学习.真是:'活到老,学到老.'否则,人云亦云,还易犯错误.

关键词：学习目的知识结构学习环境学习方法

铸钢和锻钢在水介质中应力腐蚀性能的对比研究

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金属学报 1984年第3期20卷 189-196页

作者：褚武扬肖纪美李文学张彦国北京钢铁学院

用同一炉钢的铸件和锻件对比研究了在水介质中的应力腐蚀性能。结果表明:铸钢和锻钢应力腐蚀裂纹扩展的激活能相同,均为Q=5540cal/mol,且和氢渗透测出的表观扩散激活能一致。无论是阳极极化还是阴极极化,均使铸钢和锻钢的da/dt升高,但... 详细信息

用同一炉钢的铸件和锻件对比研究了在水介质中的应力腐蚀性能。结果表明:铸钢和锻钢应力腐蚀裂纹扩展的激活能相同,均为Q=5540cal/mol,且和氢渗透测出的表观扩散激活能一致。无论是阳极极化还是阴极极化,均使铸钢和锻钢的da/dt升高,但阴极极化较为明显。氢渗透测量表明:不论阳极极化或阴极极化,随着电流增大,饱和氢渗透量明显增加,极化对da/dt和氢渗透通量的影响相似。试验温度对KISCC的影响极小,但铸钢的KISCC明显地比锻钢高。氢渗透测试结果发现锻钢的饱和氢渗透通量约比铸钢大一倍。这与断口观察一致,由此可以解释KISCC的差异。尽管断口形貌明显依赖开裂时的KI值,但在KISCC附近锻钢全是沿品断口,而铸钢则以准解理为主。

关键词：应力腐蚀阴极极化锻钢氢渗透通量阳极极化应力腐蚀断口激活能活化能水介质对比研究

Electrochemical conversion of methane to bridge the gap in the artificial carbon cycle

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 286-308页

作者： Yuhao Peng Yuefeng Song Ihar Razanau Juanxiu xiao Wei xiao Di Hu Guoxiong Wang College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources Wuhan University State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory of Physical-Chemical Technologies SSPA Scientific and Practical Materials Research Centre of NAS of Belarus State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology School of Marine Science and Engineering Hainan University Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China

Methane, an abundant one-carbon（C1） resource, is extensively used in the industrial production of vital fuels and value-added chemicals. However, current industrial methane conversion technologies are energy-and carbon-intensive, mainly due to the high activation energy required to break the inert C–H bond, low selectivity, and problematic side reactions, including CO2emissions and coke deposition. Electrochemical conversion of methane（ECM） using intermittent renewable energy offers an attractive solution, due to its modular reactor design and operational flexibility across a broad spectrum of temperatures and pressures. This review emphasizes conversion pathways of methane in various reaction systems, highlighting the significance and advantages of ECM in facilitating a sustainable artificial carbon cycle. This work provides a comprehensive overview of conventional methane activation mechanisms and delineates the complete pathways of methane conversion in electrolysis contexts. Based on surface/interface chemistry, this work systematically analyzes proposed reaction pathways and corresponding strategies to enhance ECM efficiency towards various target products, including syngas, hydrocarbons, oxygenates, and advanced carbon materials. The discussion also encompasses opportunities and challenges for the ECM process, including insights into ECM pathways, rational electrocatalyst design, establishment of benchmarking protocols, electrolyte engineering, enhancement of CH4conversion rates, and minimization of CO2emission.

关键词： Activation energy

Ag_(66)Cu_(30)Ti_4-ZrO_2界面化学反应的研究

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辽宁工学院学报 1999年第1期19卷 11-13,26页

作者：黄小丽林实肖纪美北京信息工程学院北京科技大学

确定了活性钎料Ａｇ６６Ｃｕ３０Ｔｉ４和ＺｒＯ２之间的界面反应产物Ｃｕ２Ｔｉ４Ｏ，并计算出１２０３Ｋ时的反应形成能为－１１９ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ．提出了一个模型来描述该界面化学反应，Ｃｕ２Ｔｉ４Ｏ首先在某种活性中心形核，钎料中... 详细信息

确定了活性钎料Ａｇ６６Ｃｕ３０Ｔｉ４和ＺｒＯ２之间的界面反应产物Ｃｕ２Ｔｉ４Ｏ，并计算出１２０３Ｋ时的反应形成能为－１１９ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ．提出了一个模型来描述该界面化学反应，Ｃｕ２Ｔｉ４Ｏ首先在某种活性中心形核，钎料中的Ｃｕ、Ｔｉ元素和ＺｒＯ２中的Ｏ元素不断扩散到界面使Ｃｕ２Ｔｉ４Ｏ晶核得以生长，互相接触后形成了连续的反应层。分析了反应过程中界面附近Ｔｉ的浓度变化。

关键词：界面反应活性材料钎焊氧化锆金属陶瓷

Design of a cationic accelerator enabling ultrafast ion diffusion kinetics in aqueous zinc-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 377-384页

作者： Yawei xiao Qianqian Gu Haoyu Li Mengyao Li Yude Wang National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials School of Materials and Energy Yunnan University Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hainan University College of Chemical Engineering Fuzhou University Yunnan Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutrality and Green Low-carbon Technologies Yunnan University

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are highly favored for grid-level energy storage owing to their low cost and high safety,but their practical application is limited by slow ion *** address this,a strategy has been developed to create a cation-accelerating electric field on the surface of the cathode to achieve ultrafast Zn2+diffusion *** employing electrodeposition to coat MoS2on the surface of BaV6O16·3H2O nanowires,the directional built-in electric field generated at the heterointerface acts as a cation accelerator,continuously accelerating Zn2+diffusion into the active *** optimized Zn2+diffusion coefficient in CC@BaV-6O16·3H2O@MoS2(7.5×10～8cm2s-1) surpasses that of most reported V-based ***,MoS2serving as a cathodic armor extends the cycling life of the Zn-CC@BaV6O16·3H2O@MoS2full batteries to over 10000 *** work provides valuable insights into optimizing ion diffusion kinetics for high-performance energy storage devices.

关键词： Zinc alloys