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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第4期60卷 672-685页

作者： DING MingHu ZHANG Tong xiao cunde LI ChuanJin JIN Bo BIAN LinGen WANG ShuJie ZHANG DongQi QIN DaHe State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration Beijing 100860 China

A high-frequency and precise ultrasonic sounder was used to monitor precipitated/deposited and drift snow events over a 3-year period(17 January 2005 to 4 January 2008) at the Eagle automatic weather station site,inland *** species and oxygen isotope ratios were also generated from a snow pit below the *** accumulation and snowdrift events were used to examine the synchronism with seasonal variations of δ^(18)O and ion species,providing an opportunity to assess the snowdrift effect in typical Antarctic inland *** were up to 1-year differences for this 3-year-long snow pit between the traditional dating method and ultrasonic *** difference implies that in areas with low accumulation or high wind,the snowdrift effect can induce abnormal disturbances on snow *** snowdrift effect should be seriously taken into account for high-resolution dating of ice cores and estimation of surface mass balance,especially when the morphology of most Antarctic inland areas is similar to that of the Eagle site.

关键词： Urban Evapotranspiration SEBS Remote sensing Anthropogenic heat

An observational study of precipitation types in the Alaskan Arctic

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Advances in Polar Science 2021年第4期32卷 327-340页

作者： YUE Handong DOU Tingfeng LI Shutong LI Chuanjin DING Minghu xiao cunde College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Institute of Tibetan Plateau&Polar Meteorology Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

The effects of various precipitation types,such as snow,rain,sleet,hail and freezing rain,on regional hydrology,ecology,snow and ice surfaces differ *** to limited observations,however,few studies into precipitation types have been conducted in the *** on the high-resolution precipitation records from an OTT Parsivel^(2) disdrometer in Utqiaġvik,Alaska,this study analysed variations in precipitation types in the Alaskan Arctic from 15 May to 16 October,*** show that rain and snow were the dominant precipitation types during the measurement period,accounting for 92%of the total *** addition,freezing rain,sleet,and hail were also observed(2,4 and 11 times,respectively),accounting for the rest part of the total *** records from a neighbouring *** Reference Network(USCRN)station equipped with T-200B rain gauges support the results of *** analysis revealed that Global Precipitation Measurement(GPM)satellite data could well characterise the observed precipitation changes in Utqiaġ*** with satellite data and station observations,the spatiotemporal variations in precipitation were verified in various reanalysis datasets,and the results indicated that ECMWF Reanalysis v5(ERA5)could better describe the observed precipitation time series in Utqiaġvik and the spatial distribution of data in the Alaskan ***-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications,Version 2(MERRA-2)overestimated the amount and frequency of *** 55-year Reanalysis(JRA-55)could better simulate heavy precipitation events and the spatial distribution of the precipitation phase,but it overestimated summer snowfall.

关键词： disdrometer precipitation types reanalysis datasets data comparison

Sensitivity of the Number of Snow Cover Days to Surface Air Temperature over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2010年第2期1卷 76-83页

作者： Lijuan Ma Dahe Qin Lingen Bian cunde xiao Yong Luo Laboratory for Climate Studies National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China

Based on the number of snow cover days （NSCDs） and homogenized surface air temperature data for the period 1951-2004, this study performs the quantitative analysis on the sensitivity of NSCDs to surface air temperature over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau （QTP）. Results show that both the extreme sensitivity and sensitivity under current climate are higher in the edge than in the central area of the QTP. There exists a strong negative correlation between station＇s elevation and critical temperature, at which the sensitivity reaches extremum. The negative correlation between the elevation and the extreme sensitivity is not as strong as the former one. Currently, the climatological temperatures in quite a few stations do not reach the critical stage. The sensitivity at these stations will become greater under the current background of climate warming, which means NSCDs will be more sensitive to surface air temperature.

关键词： snow cover sensitivity Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau surface air temperature

Assessment of Snow Cover Vulnerability over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2011年第2期2卷 93-100页

作者： Lijuan Ma Dahe Qin Lingen Bian cunde xiao Yong Luo National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Lanzhou 730000 China Chinese Academy of Meteorological 3eiences Beijing 100081 China

By using daily air temperature and precipitation data, and the weather phenomena data of daily snowfall from 98 meteorological stations over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau （QTP）, this paper performs an ＂at-risk＂ evaluation on snowfall and accumulated snow over the QTP under current climate situation and future climate warming condition. When rainfall, snowfall, or accumulated snow weather phenomena occur, critical values are determined based on dally air temperature and precipitation for current climate conditions. Air temperature of 0 ℃ is defined as the critical value of temperature for rainfall or snowfall, while 0 ℃ air temperature and 4.0 mm （autumn） or 3.0 mm （spring） snowfall amounts are defined as the critical values for accumulated snowfall. Analyses based on the above critical values disclose that under current climate condition, stations with ＂at-risk＂ accumulated snow account for 33% and 36% of all stations, and the ＂at-risk＂ snowfall stations reach 78% and 81% in autumn and spring, respectively. Spatially, most stations with ＂at-risk＂ accumulated snow are located on the southern and eastern edge of the QTP, and stations with ＂at-risk＂ snowfall are also apparent at the northern edge. If the air temperature increases by 2.5 ℃ in 2050, only the snowfall at a few ＂at-risk＂ snowfall stations will transform into rainfall, while most ＂at-risk＂ accumulated snow stations will face the problem that snowfall is hardly accumulated. Additionally, most stations will become ＂at-risk＂ accumulated snow stations, indicating that both the snow depth and the snow cover duration will decline in most areas of the QTP, including a delay of the start date and an advancing of the end date of snow cover.

关键词： Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau snow cover at-risk snowfall vulnerability climate change

Impacts of snow accumulation on air temperature measured by automatic weather stations on the Antarctic ice sheet

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Chinese Journal of Polar Science 2011年第1期22卷 17-24页

作者： MAYongFeng BIAN LinGen xiao cunde Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China College of Earth Science Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

The heights of automatic weather station （AWS） sensors over the Antarctic ice sheet are nominal and change with snow accumulation or ablation. Therefore, the measured data may not be used directly. In this study, we analyzed the impact of snow accumulation on AWS observations using continuous measurements from three AWS that were deployed on the traverse route from the Zhongshan Station to Dome A over East Antarctica. We then corrected the measured air temperature to account for changes in the sensor height relative to the snow surface to improve the authenticity and representativeness of the observation data from the AWS. The results show that （i） the annual mean snow accumulations at Dome A, Eagle and LGB69 were approximately O. 11 m, 0.30 m and 0.49 m, respectively, and the corresponding annual mean air temperature differences between the corrected and measured values at 1 m in height were 0.34℃, 0.29℃ and 0.35℃ （ii） the impact on air temperature from accumulation decreases with height from the surface; （iii） the air temperature difference between the corrected and measured values was not directly proportional to the snow accumulation but was related to the seasonal air temperature variations and the intensity of the local surface inversion; and （iv） the averaged corrected air temperature was higher than the measured values except during the summer when there were days without temperature inversion. The magnitude of the temperature difference between the corrected and measured was mainly determined by snow accumulation and the intensity of the local surface inversion.

关键词： AWS snow accumulation temperature correction

Sources, evolution and impacts of EC and OC in snow on sea ice： a measurement study in Barrow, Alaska

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Science Bulletin 2017年第22期62卷 1547-1554页

作者： Tingfeng Dou cunde xiao Zhiheng Du J. J. Schauer Hong Ren Baozhu Ge Aihong Xie Jihua Tan Pingqing Fu Yuanxun Zhang College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sdences Beijing 100049 China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wl 53706 USA state Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics-an-d Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Huairou Eco-Environmental Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408 China Institute of Surface-Earth System Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China

Based on the field measurements in Barrow, Alaska within the period of April-May 2015, we investigate the sources and variations of elemental carbon(EC) and organic carbon(OC) in the surface layer of snowpack on sea ice, and estimate their effects on the sea ice albedo. Results show that the snow OC in Barrow are from natural sources(e.g. terrestrial higher plants and micro-organisms) mainly, as well as biomass burning(e.g. forest fires and straw combustion) as an important part. Both EC and OC can accumulate at the snow surface with snow melt. The variations in EC and OC and liquid water content in the snow layer are well consistent during the snow-melting period. A higher rate of snow melt implied a more efficient enrichment of EC and OC. In the last phase of snow melt, the concentration increased to a maximum of 16.2 ng/g for EC and 128 ng/g for OC, which is ~10 times larger than those before snow melt onset. Except for the dominant influence of melt amplification mechanism, the variation in concentrations of EC and OC could be disturbed by the air temperature fluctuation and snowfall. Our study indicates that the lightabsorbing impurities contributed 1.6%-5.1% to the reduction in sea ice albedo with melt during the measurement period. The significant period oflight-absorbing impurities influencing on sea ice albedo begins with the rapid melting of overlying snow and ends before the melt ponds formed widely, which lasted for about 10 days in Barrow, 2015.

关键词： Arctic EC OC Sea ice Albedo Barrow

Accumulation and geochemical evidence for the Little Ice Age episode in eastern Antarctica

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2019年第1期11卷 50-61页

作者： ChuanJin Li JiaWen Ren cunde xiao MingHu Ding AiHong Xie ZhiHeng Du XiangYu Ma DaHe Qin State Key Laboratory of the Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Institute of Climate System (Polar Meteorology) Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences

Data on accumulation and concentration of chemical compounds recorded in an essentially unexplored area(Dome Argus)of the Indian Ocean sector of eastern Antarctica during the past 2,680 years(680 B.C. to 1999 A.D.) are presented. During the first 1, 700 years(680 B. C. to 1000 A. D.), the accumulation data shows a slightly decreasing trend, while chemical ions appear to be stable, representing a stable climatic condition. An intensive increasing trend of the accumulation occurred during the 12^(th) to 14^(th) century. The period from 15^(th) to 19^(th) century was characterized by a rapid reducing accumulation and concentrations of volatile compounds suffering post-depositional loss linked to sparse precipitation amount,which was temporally consistent with the Little Ice Age(LIA) episode. Comparison between observed accumulation rates with other eastern Antarctic ice cores show a consistent decreasing trend during LIA, while sea salt and dust-originated ions increased due to sea ice extent and intensified atmospheric transportation. Distribution of volcanic originated sulfate over the Antarctic continent show a significant change during the 15^(th) century, coincident with the onset of the LIA. These results are important for the assessment of Antarctic continent mass balance and associated interpretation of the Dome A deep ice core records.

关键词： accumulation rates sea salt chemical compounds Little Ice Age eastern Antarctica

Iron in the NEEM ice core relative to Asian loess records over the last glacial–interglacial cycle

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National Science Review 2021年第7期8卷 110-123页

作者： cunde xiao Zhiheng Du Mike J Handley Paul A Mayewski Junji Cao Simon Schupbach Tong Zhang Jean-Robert Petit Chuanjin Li Yeongcheol Han Yuefang Li Jiawen Ren State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Climate Change Institute School of Earth and Climate Sciences University of Maine Key Laboratory of Aerosol Science and Technology SKLLQG Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Climate and Environmental Physics Physics Institute University of Bern 6. Institute of Tibetan Plateau and Polar Meteorology Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences 7. Institut des Geosciences de I'Environment (IGE) University Grenoble Alpes 8. Korea Polar Research Institute

Mineral dust can indirectly affect the climate by supplying bioavailable iron(Fe) to the ocean. Here, we present the records of dissolved Fe(DFe) and total Fe(TDFe) in North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling(NEEM) ice core over the past 110 kyr BP. The Fe records are significantly negatively correlated with the carbon-dioxide(CO2) concentrations during cold periods. The results suggest that the changes in Fe fluxes over the past 110 kyr BP in the NEEM ice core are consistent with those in Chinese loess records because the mineral-dust distribution is controlled by the East Asian deserts. Furthermore, the variations in the dust input on a global scale are most likely driven by changes in solar radiation during the last glacial–interglacial cycle in response to Earth’s orbital cycles. In the last glacial–interglacial cycle, the DFe/TDFe ratios were higher during the warm periods(following the post-Industrial Revolution and during the Holocene and last interglacial period) than during the main cold period(i.e. the last glacial maximum(LGM)), indicating that the aeolian input of iron and the iron fertilization effect on the oceans have a non-linear relationship during different periods. Although the burning of biomass aerosols has released large amounts of DFe since the Industrial Revolution, no significant responses are observed in the DFe and TDFe variations during this period, indicating that severe anthropogenic contamination has no significant effect on the DFe(TDFe)release in the NEEM ice core.

关键词： Greenland NEEM ice core iron fertilization carbon dioxide Chinese loess glacial–interglacial cycle

Seasonal variation of atmospheric elemental carbon aerosols at Zhongshan Station,East Antarctica

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Advances in Polar Science 2022年第4期33卷 301-312页

作者： LIU Yan LI Chuanjin WANG xiaoming DING Minghu DU Zhiheng SHI Guitao SUN Bo KANG Shichang xiao cunde State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(UCAS)Beijing 100049China Institute of Meteorological Sciences in Tibetan Plateau and Polar Regions Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science Ministry of EducationSchool of Geographic Sciences and State Key Lab of Estuarine and Coastal ResearchEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Key Laboratory for Polar Science MNRPolar Research Institute of ChinaShanghai 200062China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Elemental carbon(or black carbon)(EC or BC)aerosols emitted by biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion could cause notable climate *** Hemisphere biomass burning emissions have contributed substantially to EC deposition in ***,we present the seasonal variation of EC determined from aerosol samples acquired at Zhongshan Station(ZSS),East *** concentration of EC in the atmosphere varied between 0.02 and 257.81 ng·m^(-3)with a mean value of 44.87±48.92 ng·m^(-3).The concentration of EC aerosols reached its peak in winter(59.04 ng·m^(-3))and was lowest(27.26 ng·m^(-3))in *** trajectory analysis showed that biomass burning in southern South America was the major source of the EC found at ZSS,although some of it was derived from southern Australia,especially during *** 2019–2020 Australian bush fires had some influence on EC deposition at ZSS,especially during 2019,but the contribution diminished in 2020,leaving southern South America as the dominant source of EC.

关键词： Zhongshan Station elemental carbon aerosols seasonal variations

Variability of Antarctic sea ice extent over the past 200 years

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Science Bulletin 2021年第23期66卷 2394-2404页

作者： Jiao Yang cunde xiao Jiping Liu Shutong Lia Dahe Qin State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences University at AlbanyState University of New YorkAlbany NY 12222USA College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences.Beijing 100049China

While Arctic sea ice has been decreasing in recent decades that is largely due to anthropogenic forcing,the extent of Antarctic sea ice showed a positive trend during 1979–2015, followed by an abrupt decrease. The shortness of the satellite record limits our ability to quantify the possible contribution of anthropogenic forcing and internal variability to the observed Antarctic sea ice variability. In this study,ice core and fast ice records with annual resolution from six sites are used to reconstruct the annualresolved northernmost latitude of sea ice edge(NLSIE) for different sectors of the Southern Ocean, including the Weddell Sea(WS), Bellingshausen Sea(BS), Amundsen Sea(AS), Ross Sea(RS), and the Indian and western Pacific Ocean(Ind WPac). The linear trends of the NLSIE are analyzed for each sector for the past100–200 years and found to be à0.08°, à0.17°, +0.07°, +0.02°, and à0.03° per decade(!95% confidence level) for the WS, BS, AS, RS, and Ind WPac, respectively. For the entire Antarctic, our composite NLSIE shows a decreasing trend(à0.03° per decade, 99% confidence level) during the 20 th century, with a rapid decline in the mid-1950 s. It was not until the early 1980 s that the observed increasing trend occurred. A comparison with major climate indices shows that the long-term linear trends in all five sectors are largely dominated by the changes in the Southern Annular Mode(SAM). The multi-decadal variability in WS,BS, and AS is dominated by the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation, whereas that in the Ind WPac and RS is dominated by the SAM.

关键词： Antarctic Sea ice Ice core Southern Annular Mode Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation