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Episodic fluid movements in superimposed basin:Combined evidence from outcrop and fluid inclusions of the Majiang ancient oil reservoir,Guizhou Province

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 78-87页

作者： xiang caifu1,2.tang liangjie1,{2.,2.& pang xiongqi1,2.1 basin and reservoir research center,china university of petroleum,Beijing 102.49,china 2.State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting,china university of petroleum,Beijing 102.49,china 1. basin and reservoir {2. center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China 2. State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Combined evidence from the outcrop and the fluid inclusion assemblage (FIA) analysis indicates that there exist two episodes of fluid flow controlled by the tectonic activity. The first episode was recorded mainly in the reservoir rock of the Honghuayuan Formation,representing the fluid flow of hydrocarbon charging. The second episode occurred mainly along the fault systems,representing the fluid move-ment when the ancient oil reservoir was destroyed. The host mineral morphology,homogeneous tem-perature,and sa{2.nity of the FIAs record an episodic fluid movement. Characters of high homogenous temperature,low sa{2.nity and a quick temperature variation of the first episode fluid flow may indicate an early-stage fluid eruption,and correspondingly,fine-grained calcite was formed. Temperature of the erupted fluid tended to decrease during its mixing with the upper formation fluid and finally had the same temperature as the upper formation. From then on,the temperature was rather steady and fa-vored the growth of the coarse calcite. Due to this character of the temperature variation of the episodic fluid flow,we can use the homogenous temperature of the FIA of the coarse calcite to date the forma-tion and the destruction time of the Majiang ancient oil reservoir. Episodic fluid flow was known for its inhomogeneous trapping,which resulted in the failure of dating according to the burial history. But taking a close look at its temperature variation,we think that the latest stage of fluid flow,characterized by steady state temperature and grow of the coarser crystals,can be used for dating. It will be of great value if this method is proved to be effective. The formation and the destruction time of the Majiang ancient oil reservoir were dated to be in the Indosinian Period and the late Yanshan-early Hymalayan Period respectively. This conclusion is in great discrepancy with the common accepted idea that the Majiang ancient oil reservoir was formed and destroyed during the Cal

关键词： Majiang ancient oil reservoir episodic fluid flow marine carbonate rocks superimposed basin

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Main progress and problems in research on Ordovician hydrocarbon accumulation in the Tarim basin

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petroleum Science 2010年第2期7卷 147-163页

作者： pang xiongqi Tian Jun pang Hong xiang caifu Jiang Zhenxue li Sumei basin and reservoir {2. center School of Natural Resources and Information Technology China University ofPetroleum Beijing 102249 China State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Petrochina Tarim Oilfield Company Korla Xinjiang 841000 China

The Tarim basin is the largest petroliferous basin in the northwest of {2., and is composed of a Paleozoic marine craton basin and a Meso-Cenozoic continental foreland basin. It is of great significance in exploration of Ordovician. In over 50 years of exploration, oil and gas totaling over 1.6 billion tonnes oil-equivalent has been discovered in the Ordovician carbonate formation. The accumulation mechanisms and distribution rules are quite complicated because of the burial depth more than 3,500 m, multi-source, and multi-stage accumulation, adjustment, reconstruction and re-enrichment in Ordovician. In this paper, we summarized four major advances in the hydrocarbon accumulation mechanisms of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs. First, oil came from Cambrian and Ordovician source rocks separately and as a mixture, while natural gas was mainly cracked gas generated from the Cambrian-Lower Ordovician crude oil. Second, most hydrocarbon migrated along unconformities and faults, with different directions in different regions. Third, hydrocarbon migration and accumulation had four periods： Caledonian, early Hercynian, late Hercynian and Himalayan, and the latter two were the most important for oil and gas exploration. Fourth, hydrocarbon accumulation and evolution can be generally divided into four stages： Caledonian （the period of hydrocarbon accumulation）, early Hercynian （the period of destruction）, late Hercynian （the period of hydrocarbon reconstruction and re-accumulation）, and Himalayan （the period of hydrocarbon adjustment and re-accumulation）. Source rocks （S）, combinations of reservoir-seal （C）, paleo-uplifts （M）, structure balance belt （B） matched in the same time （T） control the hydrocarbon accumulation and distribution in the Ordovician formations. reservoir adjustment and reconstruction can be classified into two modes of physical adjustment and variation of chemical compositions and five mechanisms. These mechanisms are occurrence displacement, biodegradat

关键词： Tarim basin carbonate reservoirs oil and gas exploration of the Ordovician hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism hydrocarbon enrichment rule

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Hydrocarbon enrichment characteristics and difference analysis in the TZ1-TZ4 well block of the Tarim basin

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petroleum Science 2010年第2期7卷 201-210页

作者： Jiang Zhenxue pang xiongqi Yang Haijun {2. Zhuo {2. caifu Gu Qiaoyuan State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting Beijing 102249 China basin and reservoir{2. center China University＂ of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Exploration and Development Institute of the Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Korla Xinjiang 841000 China

The reservoirs in the TZ1-TZ4 well block of the Tarim basin are complex, and the hydrocarbon enrichment shows differences. The three Carboniferous oil layers are characterized by ＂oil in the upper and lower layers and gas in the middle＂ in profile and ＂oil in the west and gas in the east＂ in plane view. In order to discuss the complex reservoir accumulation mechanisms, based on the petroleum geology and reservoir distribution, we studied the generation history of source rocks, the fault evolution and sealing, the accumulation periods and gas washing, and reconstructed the accumulation process of the TZ1-TZ4 well block. It is concluded that the hydrocarbon enrichment differences of oil layers CIII, CII and CI were caused by multiple sources and multi-period hydrocarbon charging and adjustment. The CII was closely related to CIII, but CI was formed by reservoir adjustment during the Yanshan period and was not affected by gas washing after it was formed. During the Himalayan period, different degrees of gas washing in the east and west led to hydrocarbon enrichment differences on the plane. The Carboniferous accumulation process of two-stage charging and one-stage adjustment is summarized： oil charging during the late Hercynian period is the first accumulation period of CIII and CII; oil reservoirs were adjusted into CI in the Yanshan period; finally gas washing in the Himalayan period is the second accumulation period of CIII and CII, but CI was not affected by gas washing. This complex accumulation process leads to the hydrocarbon enrichment differences in the TZ1-TZ4 well block.

关键词： Tarim basin enrichment difference multi-source and multi-period charging accumulation process

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Hydrocarbon migration and accumulation along the fault intersection zone-a case study on the reef-flat systems of the No.1 slope break zone in the Tazhong area, Tarim basin

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petroleum Science 2010年第2期7卷 211-225页

作者： xiang caifu {2. xiongqi Yang Wenjing Wang Jianzhong liQiming liu Luofu li Yanqun State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China basin and reservoir {2. center School of Natural Resources and Information Technology China University ofPetroleum Beijing 102249 China Petrochina Tarim Oilfield Company Korla Xinjiang 841000 China

Understanding hydrocarbon migration and accumulation mechanisms is one of the key scientif ic problems that should be solved for effective hydrocarbon exploration in the superimposed basins developed in northwest china. The northwest striking No.1 slope break zone, which is a representative of superimposed basins in the Tarim basin, can be divided into five parts due to the intersection of the northeast strike-slip faults. Controlled by the tectonic framework, the types and properties of reservoirs and the hydrocarbon compositions can also be divided into five parts from east to west. Anomalies of all the parameters were found on the fault intersection zone and weakened up-dip along the structural ridge away from it. Thus, it can be inferred that the intersection zone is the hydrocarbon charging position. This new conclusion differs greatly from the traditional viewpoint, which believes that the hydrocarbon migrates and accumulates along the whole plane of the No.1 slope break zone. The viewpoint is further supported by the evidence from the theory of main pathway systems, obvious improvement of the reservoir quality （2.3 orders of magnitude at the intersection zone） and the formation mechanisms of the fault intersection zone. Differential hydrocarbon migration and entrapment exists in and around the strike- slip faults. This is controlled by the internal structure of faults. It is concluded that the more complicated the fault structure is, the more significant the effects will be. If there is a deformation band, it will hinder the cross fault migration due to the common feature of two to four orders of magnitude reduction in permeability. Otherwise, hydrocarbons tend to accumulate in the up-dip structure under the control of buoyancy. Further research on the internal fault structure should be emphasized.

关键词： Geologic chromatographic effect fault intersection zone differential hydrocarbon migration and accumulation superimposed basin Tazhong area Tarim basin

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Advances and problems in hydrocarbon exploration in the Tazhong area, Tarim basin

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petroleum Science 2010年第2期7卷 164-178页

作者： Zhou Xinyuan pang xiongqi {2. Qiming pang Hong xiang caifu Jiang Zhenxne {2. Sumei {2.u Luofu Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Korla Xinjiang 841000 China basin and reservoir {2. center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting Beijing 102249 China

Located in the middle of the Tarim basin, Tazhong is a typical area of compound reservoirs rich in oil and gas found in the Carboniferous, Silurian and Ordovician strata. The proved, probable and possible reserves （3P reserves） in the area amount to 5×108 tons, so it is of great significance to study the advances and problems in hydrocarbon exploration in the Tazhong area. On the basis of exploration history and analysis of scientific problems, we out{2.ne eight achievements： distribution characteristics of reservoirs, stages of reservoir formation, different sources of oil and gas and their respective contributions, the effective regional caprock and reservoir-caprock combinations dominating the vertical distribution of hydrocarbon reservoirs, the control of the Tazhong Palaeo-up{2.ft on reservoir formation and estab{2.shing geologic models, structure balance belts influencing the reconstruction and residual potential of reservoirs after accumulation, the rules and mechanisms of fractures control{2.ng oil and gas, and the types of favorable reservoirs and their characteristics of control{2.ng oil and gas distribution. We further point out the main problems about the oil and gas exploration in the Tazhong area and put forward some relevant proposals.

关键词： Tarim basin petroleum geology and exploration controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation rules of hydrocarbon accumulation

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Late stage thermal history of the Songliao basin and its tectonic implications: Evidence from apatite fission track (AFT) analyses

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Science china Earth Sciences 2007年第10期50卷 1479-1487页

作者： xiang caifu1,2., FENG ZhiQiang3, pang {2.,2. WU HeYong3 & li JunHong1,2.1 basin and reservoir research center, china university of petroleum, Beijing 102.49, china 2.Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation in china university of petroleum, Ministry of Education, Beijing 102.49, china 3 Prospecting and Exploration Institute of Daqing Oil Field, Daqing 163458, china 1. basin and reservoir {2. center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China 2. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation in China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China 3. Prospecting and Exploration Institute of Daqing Oil Field Daqing 163458 China

Apatite Fission Track (AFT) data from the Songliao basin indicates that the late stage tectonic movements in the Songliao basin have zoning in space and episodes in time. The late stage tectonic movements started from the east part of the basin and migrated westward. AFT ages in the east part of the basin are older than those in the west part of the basin, suggesting that the uplift occurred earlier in the east than in the west. The denudation thickness in the east part of the basin is significantly greater than that in the centre and west. The thermal history evolved two episodes of rapid cooling and subsequent slow cooling processes. Age-depth relationship derived from the AFT data indicates a four-episode denudation history. Further Monte Carlo random simulation of the AFT data reveals the four changing points of the thermal evolution at 65 Ma, 43.5 Ma, 2. Ma and 15 Ma, respectively. The uplifting and denudation rates from different episodes of evolution are proportional to the plate convergence rate. Based on the above analyses and the regional geologic background, it is concluded that the late stage thermal events in the Songliao basin are the far field response to the subduction of the Pacific Plate under the Eurasian Plate. The first episode of the rapid cooling probably started at the end of the Nenjiang Formation, climaxed at the end of the Cretaceous and ceased at the Late Eocene. The subsequent slow cooling lasts another 15 Ma. The first episode of the evolution is the far field response to the major episode of the Yanshan Movement and subsequent series of the tectonic reorganization, especially the directional change of the Pacific Movement and also the subduction of the Indian Plate underneath the Eurasian Plate. While the second episode of the evolution is the far field response to the extension and closure of the Sea of Japan. Extension led to the migration and converging of the mantle heat flow to the Sea of Japan and resulted in the rapid cooling of

关键词： apatite fission track, late stage tectonic movement, episodic movement, plate tectonics, Songliao basin

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Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction in the Tazhong District,Tarim basin,Northeast china:Evidence from Formation Water and Natural Gas Geochemistry

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2010年第2期84卷 358-369页

作者： xiang caifu {2. xiongqi WANG Jianzhong li Qiming WANG Hongping ZHOU Changqian YANG Haijun State Key Laboratory for petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China basin and reservoir {2. center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Tarim Oil and Gas Field SINOPEC Korla 841000 China The Exploration ＆ Production research Institute SINOPEC Beijing 100083 China

Systematic analyses of the formation water and natural gas geochemistry in the Central Uplift of the Tarim basin （CUTB） show that gas invasion at the late stage is accompanied by an increase of the contents of HeS and CO2.in natural gas, by the forming of the high total dissolved solids formation water, by an increase of the content of HCO3^-, relative to Cl^-, by an increase of the 2.d family ions （Ca^2., Mg^2., Sr^2. and Ba^2.） and by a decrease of the content of SO4^2., relative to Cl^-. The above phenomena can be explained only by way of thermochemicai sulfate reduction （TSR）. TSR often occurs in the transition zone of oil and water and is often described in the following reaction formula： ∑CH＋CaSO4＋H-2.→H2.＋CO2.CaCO3. （1） Dissolved SO4^2. in the formation water is consumed in the above reaction, when HeS and CO2.are generated, resulting in a decrease of SO4^2. in the formation water and an increase of both HeS and CO2.in the natural gas. If formation water exists, the generated CO2.will go on reacting with the carbonate to form bicarbonate, which can be dissolved in the formation water, thus resulting in the enrichment of Ca^2. and HCO3^-. The above reaction can be described by the following equation： CO2.HeO＋CaCO3→Ca^2.＋2.CO3^-. The stratigraphic temperatures of the Cambrian and lower Ordovician in CUTB exceeded 12.℃, which is the minimum for TSR to occur. At the same time, dolomitization, which might be a direct result of TSR, has been found in both the Cambrian and the lower Ordovician. The above evidence indicates that TSR is in an active reaction, providing a novel way to reevaluate the exploration potentials of natural gas in this district.

关键词： thermochemical sulfate reduction formation water chemistry natural gas geochemistry Central Uplift of Tarim basin

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Insights into the Origin of Natural Gas reservoirs in the Devonian System of the Marsel Block, Kazakhstan

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Journal of Earth Science 2019年第5期30卷 893-907页

作者： Qianwen li xiongqi {2. ling {2. Wei li Kun Zhang Tianyu Zheng Xue Zhang State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting Beijing 102249 China SINOPEC petroleum Exploration and Production research Institute Beijing 100083 China College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Unconventional National Gas Institute China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Faculty of Engineering University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2TU UK

The genetic type and accumulation model of the Devonian reservoirs in the Marsel Block remain unclear, despite decades of exploration history. According to the well testing, logging interpretations and sample testing results, the Devonian natural gas reservoir in the Marsel Block has five typical characteristics:(1) It is obvious that the traps contain continuous gas accumulations. Not only the apexes of the structures are enriched in natural gas, but also the slopes and depressions contain gas accumulations.(2. The gas reservoirs are classified as tight reservoirs, but there are also reservoirs with high porosity and permeability in some areas.(3) The general negative or low-pressure in the gas reservoir is obvious, although the pressure in the target layers of some wells is close to normal.(4) The yields of single wells in the Devonian reservoir are quite different: some wells have low yields or are dry, whereas the gas production from high-yield wells has reached 700 000 m3/day.(5) The gas-water relationship is complicated: there is no obvious gas-water interface, but the water-producing layer is generally located at the apexes of structures. research and analysis have shown that using the model of the conventional gas reservoirs genetic type can only explain the characteristics of parts of the gas reservoir, while the model of accumulation in a deep-{12. gas reservoir cannot fully explain the distribution characteristics of the Devonian reservoir. However, the model of accumulation in a stacked complex continuous oil and gas reservoir can reasonably explain the geological and distribution characteristics of the Devonian reservoir. Moreover, the predicted gas distribution along a cross-section of the reservoir is also in agreement with the geological background and tectonic environment of the Marsel Block, therefore, the genetic type of the Devonian natural gas reservoir in the Marsel Block is a stacked complex continuous tight-gas reservoir. Finally, by compreh

关键词： stacked complex continuous tight-gas reservoirs Devonian Kazakhstan

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Controlling Factors Affecting Pressure Differential Development of the Upper Paleozoic Gas reservoir in the Sulige and Yulin Area of the Ordos basin

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 126-127页

作者： Hao Xu~1,Junfeng Zhang~2.Chengzao Jia~3,Dazhen tang~1,Ming li~3,Wenzhong Zhang~1 1.Key Laboratory of Marine {2. Evolution and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism,Ministry of Education,{2. university of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,{2.. 2.Petro{2. Exploration and Production Company,Beijing 10072.,{2. 3.research Institute of petroleum Exploration & Development,Beijing 100083,{2.

The origin and distribution of Upper Paleozoic reservoirs pressure in mid-northem Ordos basin has attracted widespread attention in recent *** reservoir pressure of Sulige area shows characteristics of basically subnormal pressure,and the reservoir pressure of Yulin area shows characteristics of basically normal hydrostatic *** the sense of structural location,

关键词： Ordos basin Sulige area Yulin area formation pressure controlling factors

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煤储层含气性深度效应与成藏过程耦合关系

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煤田地质与勘探 2024年第2期52卷 52-59页

作者：陈世达侯伟汤达祯李翔许浩陶树李松唐淑玲中国地质大学(北京)能源学院北京100083 国家煤层气工程中心煤储层物性实验室北京100083 中联煤层气国家工程研究中心有限责任公司北京100095 中石油煤层气有限责任公司北京100028

埋深是影响煤层气富集程度的综合要素,理解含气性深度效应是认识深浅部煤层气赋存状态与聚集机制的重要基础。基于煤层气勘探现状,在剖析鄂尔多斯盆地东缘煤层气探井资料的基础上,综合常规-非常规油气成藏地质学理论,探讨了煤层含气量... 详细信息

埋深是影响煤层气富集程度的综合要素,理解含气性深度效应是认识深浅部煤层气赋存状态与聚集机制的重要基础。基于煤层气勘探现状,在剖析鄂尔多斯盆地东缘煤层气探井资料的基础上,综合常规-非常规油气成藏地质学理论,探讨了煤层含气量、饱和吸附量、含气饱和度深度效应及其与成藏过程的耦合关系。煤层气成藏是构造沉降阶段生烃供气和回返抬升阶段相态转化、逸散的耦合结果,体现为自封闭成藏和浮力成藏的深度耦合,含气性变化存在饱和吸附量转折和游离气滞留两个关键深度界限,且二者不具备绝对同步性:(1)饱和吸附气量是煤在特定温压条件下的固有属性,不受保存条件的严格限制,其随深度的演化过程是控制相态转换的基础,压力梯度和变质程度补偿效应会引起现今区域饱和吸附量转折深度(带)的明显滞后。(2.游离气的运聚成藏与改造定型受控于地层回返抬升阶段的遮盖条件,涉及埋深-构造-水动力场三元耦合效应及浮力、储盖层毛管力的综合影响,抬升幅度小且改造强度弱时方可具备游离气滞留保存条件,滞留深度以浅地层封闭性降低,游离气普遍散失。鄂尔多斯盆地东缘柳林-延川南一带煤层总含气量随埋深增大近乎线性增高,深部收敛趋势不明显,不同变质程度煤理论饱和吸附量转折深度为1600~2.00 m,但煤阶的区域分异致使原位饱和吸附量随埋深持续增大;大宁-吉县区块游离气滞留临界深度约2.00 m,2.00 m处含气饱和度平均约12.%,3000 m处含气饱和度预计可达136%。不同地区煤层气成藏背景和地质条件存在差异,含气性深度效应需具体分析,分析重点应聚焦于甲烷相态转换、地层封闭条件的时空演化对现今气、水分布的综合影响,以实现深部煤层气的分区分带评价和高效开发设计。

关键词：深部煤层气含气性转换深度补偿效应

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