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Assessing impact of intermittent window opening strategies on pathogen-laden droplet dispersion in a coach bus

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Building Simulation 2024年第7期17卷 1183-1200页

作者： Qiqi Luo Xingdong Deng Jian Hang Cuiyun Ou Zhiwen Luo xiaodan fan xia Yang Yifei Zhang Zhongli Gu Xuelin Zhang School of Atmospheric sciences Sun Yat-sen Universityand Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong LaboratoryZhuhai 519082China Key Laboratory of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100089China china Meteorological Administration Xiong'an Atmospheric Boundary Layer Key Laboratory Xiong'anChina Guangzhou Urban Planning&Design Survey Research institute Guangzhou 510060China Guangzhou Collaborative Innovation Center of Natural Resources Planning and Marine Technology Guangzhou 510060China Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory for Urban Sensing Monitoring and Early WarningGuangzhou 510060China Welsh Schoolof Architecture Cardiff UniversityUK Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Air Pollution Control South China Institute of Environmental Sciencesthe Ministry of Ecology and Environment of ChinaNo.7 West Street YuancunGuangzhou 510655China Guangdong fans-tech Agro Co. LtdGuangdong ProvinceChina

Opening windows in coach buses is a practical approach to improving natural ventilation and mitigating infection risk(IR).Due to human behavior and weather conditions,the intermittent window opening strategy(IWOS)is a more common practice than keeping windows constantly *** its prevalence,there are no studies exploring IWOS specifically in *** employed indoor-outdoor coupled CFD simulations to assess the effects of various IWOS on pathogen-laden droplet(PLD)dispersion and IR in a coach bus that occurred a COVID-19 outbreak in Hunan,*** reveal that after ventilating through two skylights for 600–1800 s,opening front and rear windows(FW+RW)or FW with a wind catcher(FW+WCH)for just 40 s can reduce PLD concentration(Cave)to 5%of its initial level and the intake fraction of the infector’s neighbor(IFn)drops by 95%.Upon closing FW+RW or FW+WCH,Cave and IFn take over 580 s to return to the pre-opening ***,intermittent FW opening halves Cave and IFn within 7 min,but leads to rapid increases upon window ***,opening FW+RW and FW+WCH intermittently have pronounced impacts on indoor PLD concentration and are applicable approaches to control respiratory disease transmission in *** to the inhaled viral dose,it is recommended to open windows when driving time is over 12 minutes to reduce infection *** scenarios like epidemiological surveys and risk assessments,where assessing passenger infection risk is vital,some behaviors of opening windows cannot be overlooked and necessitate extra attention.

关键词： infection risk computational fluid dynamics air change rate per hour natural ventilation wind catcher tracer gas dispersion

Effects of herbicide butachlor application on the growth of periphytic biofilms and nitrogen loss in paddy systems

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 211-221页

作者： Yanhui ZHAO Mingjun LEI Liandong JING fan xia Meixia YAN Jiantong LIU Yonghong WU Yunli WU Chenxi WU ecology and Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center Yangtze Basin Ecology and Environment AdministrationMinistry of Ecological and EnvironmentWuhan 430010China College of Chemistry and Environmental Protection Engineering Southwest Minzu UniversityChengdu 610041China State Key Laboratory of Freshwater ecology and Biotechnology Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

The application of butachlor as an herbicide in paddy fields is widely practiced,aiming to increase rice yield by directly or indirectly influencing the paddy *** biofilms,which form at the soil-water interface in paddy fields,are complex bioaggregates that play an important role in nitrogen (N) *** objective of this study was to investigate the effect of butachlor on periphytic biofilm growth and N cycling under both light and dark conditions in the *** results revealed that butachlor application hindered the growth of periphytic biofilms and led to the dominance of Cyanobacteria as the primary prokaryotes,while inhibiting the development of eukaryotic ***,the application of butachlor reduced the richness and diversity of prokaryotes,but increased those of eukaryotes in periphytic *** light treatments exhibited higher total N loss because light favored periphytic biofilm growth and enhanced ammonium (NH_(4)^(+)) assimilation and ***,butachlor application resulted in the increased retention of NH_(4)^(+)-N and nitrate (NO_(3)^(-))-N and an increase in N loss via *** abundances of functional genes encoding enzymes such as ammonia monooxygenase,nitrite reductase,and nitrous oxide reductase were increased by butachlor application,favoring nitrification and denitrification ***,the results suggest that butachlor application leads to an increase in total N loss mainly through denitrification in paddy systems,particularly in the presence of periphytic ***,the results may provide valuable insights into the changes in periphytic biofilm growth and N cycling induced by butachlor,and future studies can further explore the potential implications of these changes in paddy soils.

关键词： ammonia-oxidizing bacteria amoA denitrification denitrifying bacteria nirK nitrification nitrogen cycling nosZ volatilization

Environmental significance exploration to Tamarix ConeAge Layer in Lop Nur Lake region

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Science Bulletin 2005年第20期 141-143页

作者： xia xuncheng1, ZHAO Yuanjie2,1, WANG Fubao3 & CAO Qiongying3 1. Xinjiang institute of ecology and geography, chinese academy of sciences, urumqi 830011, china 2. College of Resources and Environmental sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, china 3. Department of Urban and Resources sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, china

Climate and environment reconstruction during the Medieval Warm Period in Lop Nur of Xinjiang, china

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chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第19期53卷 3016-3027页

作者： MA ChunMei WANG FuBao CAO QiongYing xia xuncheng LI ShengFeng Li XuSheng School of Geographic and Oceanographic sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China Xinjiang institute of ecology and geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China

We made multi-proxy analysis of 14C, grain size, microfossils, plant seeds, and geochemical elements on samples from a profile in the central West Lake of Lop Nur. The grain size suggests relatively stable sedimentary environment around the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) with weak storm effect, which is followed by frequent strong storm events. Abundant microfossils and plant seeds in this stage indicate a warm and humid fresh to brackish lake environment. C, N, and stable elements are high in content in the sediments while Rb/Sr, Ba/Sr, and Ti/Sr are in a steady low level. In addition, plenty of red willows lived here prior to about 700 a B.P., indicating a favorable environmental condition. The results indicate that the environment in Lop Nur and its west bank turned to be favorable at about 2200 a B.P., where the Loulan Culture began to thrive. Then the climate and environment came to be in the good condition in the Tang and Song Dynasties, when the storm effect became weaker, rainfall increased and the salty lake water turned to be brackish to fresh lake water. Hence, limnic biomass increased with higher species diversity.

关键词：中世纪新疆气候变化环境进化

亚热带三种林分土壤酶活性和酶化学计量比特征

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应用生态学报 2024年第6期35卷 1501-1508页

作者：韩子琛郭强夏允杨柳明范跃新杨玉盛福建师范大学地理科学学院/碳中和未来技术学院福州350007 福建师范大学湿润亚热带生态地理过程教育部重点实验室/福建省植物生理生态重点实验室福州350007 福建师范大学地理研究所福州350007

本研究依托同质园观测样地,选择次生林(主要树种为米槠)、10年生的米槠人工林和杉木人工林为研究对象,分析亚热带不同林分土壤酶活性和计量比特征的差异及其影响因素。结果表明:与次生林相比,米槠人工林土壤有机碳、总氮和可溶性有机碳... 详细信息

本研究依托同质园观测样地,选择次生林(主要树种为米槠)、10年生的米槠人工林和杉木人工林为研究对象,分析亚热带不同林分土壤酶活性和计量比特征的差异及其影响因素。结果表明:与次生林相比,米槠人工林土壤有机碳、总氮和可溶性有机碳含量分别显著降低42.6%、47.4%和60.9%,杉木人工林显著降低了42.9%、36.7%和61.1%。相比于次生林,米槠人工林土壤微生物生物量碳、微生物生物量氮(MBN)以及微生物生物量磷分别显著降低40.6%、35.5%和45.9%,杉木人工林显著降低了53.7%、56.4%和61.7%。与次生林相比,米槠人工林土壤酶活性变化不显著,但杉木人工林的碳获取酶(β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶和纤维二糖水解酶)活性显著降低51.2%和59.8%,氮和磷获取酶活性分别显著降低41.0%和29.8%,碳获取酶/氮获取酶以及碳获取酶/磷获取酶分别显著降低11.3%和7.7%。冗余分析表明,MBN和硝态氮是驱动土壤酶活性及酶化学计量比变化的主要因素。不同林分的土壤酶活性和微生物养分需求存在显著差异,与次生林相比,营造杉木人工林会刺激植物与微生物的养分竞争,加剧微生物的氮、磷养分限制。

关键词：土壤胞外酶亚热带地区养分限制土壤微生物

Some Latest Achievements in Research on Environment and its Evolution in Lop Nur Region

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Science Foundation in china 2005年第2期13卷 18-24页

作者： xia xuncheng Zhao Yuanjie Xinjiang institute of ecology and geography CAS Urumqi 830011 College of Resources and Environmental sciences Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050016

Lop Nur and its near region have been given attention again with implement of the Western Development Strategy of china by the united endeavors of concerned scientific researchers. Some latest achievements have been obtained in aspects of environment and its evolution in Lop Nut and its near region in recent years. In this paper, we briefly review some latest progresses.

关键词： Lop Nur lake environmental research achievement

A preliminary study of chronology for a newly-discovered ancient city and five archaeological sites in Lop Nor, china

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chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第1期55卷 63-71页

作者： LU HouYuan xia xuncheng LIU JiaQi QIN xiaoGuang WANG FuBao YIDILISI Abuduresule ZHOU Li Ping MU GuiJin JIAO YingXin LI JingZhi Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Xinjiang institute of ecology and geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China School of Geographic and Oceanographic sciences of Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China Xinjiang Archaeological Research institute Urumqi 830000 China Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Department of Geography Peking University Beijing 100871 China Museum of Luolan Relic Ruoqiang 841800 China The Center of Popularization and Propaganda for Science Exploration Beijing 100029 China

In the past century, it has long been debated in the archeological, historical, geographical, and many other related communities where the capital of the Luolan and Shanshan states was in the Lop Nor region. This paper presents three AMS radiocarbon ages from a newly-discovered ancient city at about 6.3 km to the northwest of the xiaohe Graveyard, and fifteen new radiocarbon ages from the Loulan (LA), LE, Qieerqiduke, Milan, and Tuyin sites in Lop Nor. The new investigation shows that the age of newly-discovered ancient city is at ca. 440–500 AD, belonging to the Northern Wei Dynasty (386–534 AD). This is about 100–300 years younger than Loulan (ca. 100–230 AD), LE (ca. 230–300 AD), Qieerqiduke (ca. 200 AD), and Tuyin (ca. 100 AD). A wooden beam from Milan fortress is dated to ca. 370 AD, while the age on north wall at west gate of the fortress is younger, around 770 AD, suggesting that its construction time might be at the Tang Dynasty. According to 14C ages, cultural relic style, and the geographical location, the newly-discovered ancient city is probably attributed to "Zhubin City", as documented in the historical literature. Temporally, we name the city "ancient Zhubin River City". However, the characteristics and functions of this ancient city are largely unknown and need more detailed archaeological excavation and investigation in the future. Given its location near the ancient postal relay of Alagan on the crossroad, there is no doubt that the newly-discovered city was at an important geographical position on the Silk Road, no matter whether it was called "Zhubin City", or "Lielo City", or the capital of Loulan state–"Yuni City". Our findings provide new evidence for the temporal and spatial distribution of ancient relic sites and the development of civilization in western china, thus contributing to our understanding of the relationship between human activities and environmental change in the Lop Nor region.

关键词：考古遗址古代城市罗布泊年代中国

Achievements and challenges of primate conservation in china

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Zoological Research(Diversity and Conservation) 2024年第1期1卷 66-74页

作者： Bao-Guo Li He Zhang Ming Li Xue-Long Jiang Peng-Fei fan Jiang Zhou Song-Tao Guo xiao-Guang Qi Jin-Hua Li Ji-Qi Lu Dong-Po xia Liang-Wei Cui Zuo-Fu xiang Qi-Hai Zhou Zhi-Pang Huang Cheng-Ming Huang Wen xiao Hui-Jian Hu Zhi-Xin Zhou Ming-Yong Chen Da-Yong Li Peng-Lai fan Yin Yang Ru-Liang Pan Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation College of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710069China Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology College of ForestryJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchangJiangxi 330045China Key Laboratory of Animal ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China School of Life sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510275China School of Karst Science Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyangGuizhou 550025China International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral ecology Anhui UniversityHefeiAnhui 230601China institute of Biodiversity and ecology Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan 450001China Key Laboratory for Conserving Wildlife with Small Populations in Yunnan Southwest Forestry UniversityKunmingYunnan 650224China College of Life sciences and Technology Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangshaHunan 410004China Key Laboratory of ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection(Ministry of Education) Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilinGuangxi 541004China International Centre of Biodiversity and Primate Conservation Centre Dali UniversityDaliYunnan 671003China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization Institute of ZoologyGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouGuangdong 510663China School of Life sciences Yunnan UniversityKunmingYunnan 650500China Key Laboratory of Southwest china Wildlife Resources Conservation(Ministry of Education) China West Normal UniversityNanchongSichuan 637001China institute of International Rivers and Eco-security Yunnan UniversityKunmingYunnan 650500China School of Human sciences The University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia

The dual impact of climate change and human activities has precipitated a sharp decline in primate biodiversity *** is home to the most diverse primate species in the Northern hemisphere,which face severe ecological threats due to the expansion of modern agriculture,extensive exploitation and consumption of natural resources,and excessive land development during its transition from an agricultural to a modern *** response,china has implemented various ecological conservation measures,including habitat restoration and *** efforts have made substantial strides in biodiversity conservation,with certain regions witnessing an increase in primate *** the current study,we conducted a systematic review of historical documents and field research data related to chinese primates,evaluating the endangered status of primate species in *** improvements in the habitats of most primate species and some population growth,many species still face severe threats,including declining and small *** such as the Myanmar snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus strykeri),eastern black crested gibbon(Nomascus nasutus),and Hainan gibbon(***)remain particularly vulnerable due to their limited distribution ranges and extremely small *** scientific data,fragmented information,and not enough studies in conservation biology further compound the ***,there is a notable lack of detailed population monitoring data for species such as the Bengal slow loris(Nycticebus bengalensis),pygmy slow loris(***),Indochinese gray langur(Trachypithecus crepusculus),Shortridge’s langur(***),and capped langur(***),which hinders the development of practical and targeted conservation management ***,for national biodiversity conservation,there is an urgent need for specialized primate surveys,enhancing habitat protection and restoration,and increasing focus on cross-border conse

关键词： Primates Biodiversity Habitat fragmentation Habitat restoration Conservation strategies

黄河调水调沙对河口及邻近海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼群落结构的影响

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水生生物学报 2024年第3期48卷 488-503页

作者：杨艳艳朱明明宋泉清王秀霞李凡张孝民逄志伟苏博山东省海洋资源与环境研究院山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室烟台264006 海阳市海洋与渔业综合服务中心海阳265100 日照市岚山区海洋与渔业监督监察大队日照276808

为了解调水调沙(Water-Sediment Regulation Scheme,WSRS)对黄河口海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼的群落结构和时空分布格局的影响,分别于2017年(非调水调沙年)和2018年(调水调沙年)的6—7月在黄河口海域利用水平拖网开展了6个航次的鱼卵、仔稚鱼调... 详细信息

为了解调水调沙(Water-Sediment Regulation Scheme,WSRS)对黄河口海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼的群落结构和时空分布格局的影响,分别于2017年(非调水调沙年)和2018年(调水调沙年)的6—7月在黄河口海域利用水平拖网开展了6个航次的鱼卵、仔稚鱼调查。运用聚类分析和冗余分析(RDA)等方法对该海域非调水调沙年和调水调沙年的鱼卵、仔稚鱼丰度和群落结构的空间分布及环境因子状况等进行了综合的分析比较,结果表明:6个航次调查共采获鱼卵6212粒,仔稚鱼431尾,隶属于8目12科14属,其中,河口定居性鱼类短吻红舌鳎(Cynoglossus joyeri)为控制黄河口及邻近海域夏季鱼类浮游生物群落演替格局的主要种类;鱼卵受环流和调水调沙的共同影响,其空间分布在各调查阶段有所不同,仔稚鱼则趋向于在河口近岸海域分布;河口东北部及东南部靠近莱州湾区域是黄河口及邻近海域鱼类浮游生物群落的主要聚集区;调水调沙年鱼卵、仔稚鱼的采获总量以及底层鱼类鱼卵的采获数量均明显高于非调水调沙年,调水调沙带来的丰富径流和泥沙有利于黄河口海域渔业资源的补充;冗余分析结果表明,海洋鱼类的群落结构与环境因子关系密切,研究区域鱼卵、仔稚鱼的群落结构与盐度、水温、水深及浮游生物密度等因素息息相关,环境条件影响着鱼类对栖息地的选择。黄河调水调沙输送的丰富入海淡水和泥沙与其邻近海域的海洋生态环境及海洋生物资源构成了密切的响应关系,随着我们对调水调沙实践经验的不断积累,建议应在今后的工作中进一步加强对调水调沙的目标、时间和频次优化等问题的关注。

关键词：鱼卵仔稚鱼调水调沙黄河口