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On the subtropical Northeast Pacific mixed layer depth and its influence on the subduction

Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2018年第3期37卷 51-62页

作者： xia ruibin LIU Chengyan CHENG Chen Polar Climate System and Global Change Laboratory Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology

The present climate simulations of the mixed layer depth（MLD） and the subduction rate in the subtropical Northeast Pacific are investigated based on nine of the CMIP5 models. Compared with the observation data,spatial patterns of the MLD and the subduction rate are well simulated in these models. The spatial pattern of the MLD is nonuniform, with a local maximum MLD（〉140 m） region centered at（28°N, 135°W） in late winter. The nonuniform MLD pattern causes a strong MLD front on the south of the MLD maximum region, controls the lateral induction rate pattern, and then decides the nonuniform distribution of the subduction rate. Due to the inter-regional difference of the MLD, we divide this area into two regions. The relatively uniform Ekman pumping has little effect on the nonuniform subduction spatial pattern, though it is nearly equal to the lateral induction in values. In the south region, the northward warm Ekman advection（–1.75×10–7 K/s） controls the ocean horizontal temperature advection（–0.85×10–7 K/s）, and prevents the deepening of the MLD. In the ensemble mean, the contribution of the ocean advection to the MLD is about –29.0 m/month, offsetting the sea surface net heat flux contribution（33.9 m/month）. While in the north region, the southward cold advection deepens the MLD（21.4 m/month） as similar as the heat flux（30.4 m/month）. In conclusion, the nonuniform MLD pattern is dominated by the nonuniform ocean horizontal temperature advection. This new finding indicates that the upper ocean current play an important role in the variability of the winter MLD and the subduction rate.

关键词： mixed layer depth mixed layer depth front subduction horizontal temperature advection nonuniform

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North Pacific Eastern Subtropical Mode Water simulation and future projection

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第3期34卷 25-30页

作者： xia ruibin LIU Qinyu XU Lixiao LU Yiqun Physical Oceanography Laboratory/Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Climate in Universities of ShandongOcean University of China

The present climate simulation and future projection of the Eastern Subtropical Mode Water （ESTMW） in the North Pacific are investigated based on the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Earth System Model （GFDL-ESM2M）. Spatial patterns of the mixed layer depth （MLD） in the eastern subtropical North Pacific and the ESTMW are well simulated using this model. Compared with historical simulation, the ESTMW is produced at lighter isopycnal surfaces and its total volume is decreased in the RCP8.5 runs, because the subduction rate of the ESTMW decreases by 0.82×10？6 m/s during February–March. In addition, it is found that the lateral induction decreasing is approximately four times more than the Ekman pumping, and thus it plays a dominant role in the decreased subduction rate associated with global warming. Moreover, the MLD during February–March is banded shoaling in response to global warming, extending northeastward from the east of the Hawaii Islands （20°N, 155°W） to the west coast of North America （30°N, 125°W）, with a max-imum shoaling of 50 m, and then leads to the lateral induction reduction. Meanwhile, the increased north-eastward surface warm current to the east of Hawaii helps strengthen of the local upper ocean stratification and induces the banded shoaling MLD under warmer climate. This new finding indicates that the ocean surface currents play an important role in the response of the MLD and the ESTMW to global warming.

关键词： eastern subtropical mode water global warming mixed layer depth subduction rate heat advection

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Simulation and future projection of the mixed layer depth and subduction process in the subtropical Southeast Pacific

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2021年第12期40卷 104-113页

作者： ruibin xia Yijun He Tingting Yang School of Marine Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China MNR Key Laboratory for Polar Science Polar Research Institute of ChinaShanghai 200136China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of EducationNanjing 210044China Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change Nanjing 210044China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing 210044China Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing 210008China

The present climate simulation and future projection of the mixed layer depth(MLD)and subduction process in the subtropical Southeast Pacific are investigated based on the geophysical fluid dynamics laboratory earth system model(GFDL-ESM2 M).The MLD deepens from May and reaches its maximum(>160 m)near(24°S,104°W)in September in the historical simulation.The MLD spatial pattern in September is non-uniform in the present climate,which shows three characteristics:(1)the deep MLD extends from the Southeast Pacific to the West Pacific and leads to a"deep tongue"until 135°W;(2)the northern boundary of the MLD maximum is smoothly near 18°S,and MLD shallows sharply to the northeast;(3)there is a relatively shallow MLD zone inserted into the MLD maximum eastern boundary near(26°S,80°W)as a weak"shallow tongue".The MLD nonuniform spatial pattern generates three strong MLD fronts respectively in the three key regions,promoting the subduction rate.After global warming,the variability of MLD spatial patterns is remarkably diverse,rather than deepening consistently.In all the key regions,the MLD deepens in the south but shoals in the north,strengthing the MLD front.As a result,the subduction rate enhances in these areas.This MLD antisymmetric variability is mainly influenced by various factors,especially the potential-density horizontal advection non-uniform changes.Notice that the freshwater flux change helps to deepen the MLD uniformly in the whole basin,so it hardly works on the regional MLD variability.The study highlights that there are regional differences in the mechanisms of the MLD change,and the MLD front change caused by MLD non-uniform variability is the crucial factor in the subduction response to global warming.

关键词： mixed layer depth mixed layer depth front subduction ocean potential-density advection

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Response of the mixed layer depth and subduction rate in the subtropical Northeast Pacific to global warming

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2021年第4期40卷 1-9页

作者： ruibin xia Bingrui Li Chen Cheng School of Marine Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China MNR Key Laboratory for Polar Science Polar Research Institute of ChinaMinistry of Natural ResourcesShanghai 200136China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519080China

The response of the mixed layer depth(MLD)and subduction rate in the subtropical Northeast Pacific to global warming is investigated based on 9 CMIP5 models.Compared with the present climate in the 9 models,the response of the MLD in the subtropical Northeast Pacific to the increased radiation forcing is spatially nonuniform,with the maximum shoaling about 50 m in the ensemble mean result.The inter-model differences of MLD change are non-negligible,which depend on the various dominated mechanisms.On the north of the MLD front,MLD shallows largely and is influenced by Ekman pumping,heat flux,and upper-ocean cold advection changes.On the south of the MLD front,MLD changes a little in the warmer climate,which is mainly due to the upper-ocean warm advection change.As a result,the MLD front intensity weakens obviously from 0.24 m/km to0.15 m/km(about 33.9%)in the ensemble mean,not only due to the maximum of MLD shoaling but also dependent on the MLD non-uniform spatial variability.The spatially non-uniform decrease of the subduction rate is primarily dominated by the lateral induction reduction(about 85%in ensemble mean)due to the significant weakening of the MLD front.This research indicates that the ocean advection change impacts the MLD spatially non-uniform change greatly,and then plays an important role in the response of the MLD front and the subduction process to global warming.

关键词： mixed layer depth mixed layer depth front subduction ocean advection non-uniform

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On the Response of Subduction in the South Pacific to an Intensification of Westerlies and Heat Flux in an Eddy Permitting Ocean Model

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第4期34卷 521-531页

作者： Chengyan LIU Zhaomin WANG Bingrui LI Chen CHENG ruibin xia Polar Climate System and Global Change Laboratory Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200136China

Based on an eddy permitting ocean general circulation model, the response of water masses to two distinct climate scenarios in the South Pacific is assessed in this paper. Under annually repeating atmospheric forcing that is characterized by different westerlies and associated heat flux, the response of Subantarctic Mode Water（SAMW） and Antarctic Intermediate Water（AAIW） is quantitatively estimated. Both SAMW and AAIW are found to be warmer, saltier and denser under intensified westerlies and increased heat loss. The increase in the subduction volume of SAMW and AAIW is about 19.8 Sv（1 Sv =10-6m-3s-（-1））. The lateral induction term plays a dominant role in the changes in the subduction volume due to the deepening of the mixed layer depth（MLD）. Furthermore, analysis of the buoyancy budget is used to quantitatively diagnose the reason for the changes in the MLD. The deepening of the MLD is found to be primarily caused by the strengthening of heat loss from the ocean to the atmosphere in the formation region of SAMW and AAIW.

关键词： subduction mixed layer depth westerlies heat flux buoyance flux

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副热带东北太平洋混合层深度及潜沉率季节循环对全球变暖的响应

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海洋学报 2022年第10期44卷 35-48页

作者：王艺珊夏瑞彬南京信息工程大学海洋科学学院江苏南京210044 南京信大安全应急管理研究院江苏南京210044

本文利用第五次国际耦合模式比较计划(CMIP5)中的地球系统模式(ESM2M),结合Argo观测数据和由Ishii等整理的再分析数据集,分析现在气候背景和辐射强迫极端增强下副热带东北太平洋海域(10°~40°N,110°~160°W)混合层深度(MLD)和潜沉率... 详细信息

本文利用第五次国际耦合模式比较计划(CMIP5)中的地球系统模式(ESM2M),结合Argo观测数据和由Ishii等整理的再分析数据集,分析现在气候背景和辐射强迫极端增强下副热带东北太平洋海域(10°~40°N,110°~160°W)混合层深度(MLD)和潜沉率的季节变化特征,研究其对全球变暖的响应。在现在气候背景下,二者最大值均出现在冬季。潜沉率的主要贡献项存在显著的季节变化差异,1−5月主要受侧向潜沉率的变化控制,6−12月则由风应力旋度导致的埃克曼抽吸速度变化主控。全球变暖后,季节循环信号的主控要素不变。但受风应力旋度等要素变化的影响,各季节的MLD减小,大值区范围收缩。由于冬季减小幅度远大于夏季,MLD季节波动幅度(振幅)显著变小。长期看,MLD呈现持续变浅的趋势,其空间不均匀性减弱引起的MLD锋面减弱是控制侧向潜沉率减弱,最终导致总潜沉率减弱的关键。由于埃克曼抽吸速度的季节变化信号对全球变暖的响应较小,因此总潜沉率在冬季受全球变暖的影响最为强烈。上述结果表明,构成潜沉率的两个关键要素对总潜沉率的贡献比例是随着季节变化而改变的:冬季MLD锋面强盛时期,侧向潜沉率的影响将显著增强。全球变暖前后二者截然不同的变化会显著改变潜沉率的季节循环振幅,可能对该区域模态水的形成和输运产生深远的影响。

关键词：混合层深度潜沉率副热带东北太平洋全球变暖

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基于WW3的南海北部有效波高时空变化及其极值重现期估算方法分析

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海洋学报 2023年第2期45卷 13-26页

作者：夏瑞彬路超越梁楚进王志勇南京信息工程大学海洋科学学院江苏南京210044 自然资源部北海预报减灾中心山东青岛266100

本文基于第3代海浪模式WAVEWATCHⅢ(WW3)模拟的1996–2015年海浪后报数据,分析了南海北部有效波高及其极值的时空变化特征,并采用Pearson-Ⅲ和Gumbel两种极值分布方法对该区极值波高重现期进行了估算。结果表明,南海北部有效波高的季节... 详细信息

本文基于第3代海浪模式WAVEWATCHⅢ(WW3)模拟的1996–2015年海浪后报数据,分析了南海北部有效波高及其极值的时空变化特征,并采用Pearson-Ⅲ和Gumbel两种极值分布方法对该区极值波高重现期进行了估算。结果表明,南海北部有效波高的季节变化和空间分布与季风风场基本一致,呈现秋冬高春夏低,并自吕宋海峡西侧向西南降低的特征,与ERA5再分析数据结果高度相似。有效波高极值(简称极值波高)的时空分布特征受时间分辨率强烈影响,采用极值数据的分辨率越高(如逐小时),所展现的台风型波浪特征越显著。扣除季节变化信号后的有效波高和年极值波高均体现出较强的线性增高趋势,近20年升高的比例分别为7.7%和31.6%,值得警惕和关注。该区多年一遇极值波高存在若干个大值区,且与台风的路径、强度有直接联系,表明台风是引发该区域极端大浪的最主要机制。对比Pearson-Ⅲ和Gumbel极值分布估算结果发现:若极值波高较低,频率随极值波高升高缓慢降低,此时两种极值分布的估算都比较准确,差异极小,可忽略不计;但当研究时间范围内,某年极值波高远超其他年份时,Pearson-Ⅲ极值分布估算结果明显高于Gumbel极值分布估算结果,且更接近实际极值波高,即Pearson-Ⅲ极值分布在此情况下表现更好。本研究表明对于特定海区,在出现超强台风引发极值波高远超出其他年份时,不同计算方法对极值波高的估算差异较大,会显著影响重现期的评估。此外,南海北部年极值波高的强烈增高趋势,也可能给计算未来极值波高重现期和海上工程防护带来不可忽视的影响。

关键词：南海北部有效波高极值波高重现期 Pearson-Ⅲ极值分布 Gumbel极值分布

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南极普里兹湾达恩利角固定冰附近局地高密陆架水的来源

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海洋学报 2023年第9期45卷 45-57页

作者：韩宛彤夏瑞彬罗义勇史久新李丙瑞中国海洋大学海洋与大气学院山东青岛266100 南京信息工程大学海洋科学学院江苏南京210044 中国极地研究中心自然资源部极地科学重点实验室上海200136

本文采用固定冰数据集和南极象海豹获取的现场观测数据集,分析了南极达恩利角固定冰附近局地高密陆架水的变化。结果表明:首先,达恩利角固定冰存在显著季节变化,对于达恩利角冰间湖及局地高密陆架水的生成都具有重要影响。其次,达恩利... 详细信息

本文采用固定冰数据集和南极象海豹获取的现场观测数据集,分析了南极达恩利角固定冰附近局地高密陆架水的变化。结果表明:首先,达恩利角固定冰存在显著季节变化,对于达恩利角冰间湖及局地高密陆架水的生成都具有重要影响。其次,达恩利角固定冰在2000-2014年期间年际变化很小,无显著增减趋势。第三,达恩利角固定冰附近局地高密陆架水有两个显著来源:(1)3-4月,达恩利角固定冰快速生成时伴随着强烈的盐析作用,进而局地生成高密陆架水;(2)5月,达恩利角固定冰达到最大范围,局地盐析作用减弱至很小,而上游在冰架水抑制作用减弱后,麦肯基湾冰间湖海域的高密陆架水生成增强,能够向西北输运至达恩利角固定冰附近。本研究初步证明达恩利角固定冰除了维持达恩利角冰间湖存在的作用外,对局地高密陆架水生成也可能有重要影响,同时指出一条重要的水团输运路径,这有助于提高对达恩利角附近冰-海相互作用的理解,对该地区开展更多观测或模拟研究是必要的。

关键词：固定冰高密陆架水达恩利角南极

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微波遥感产品对南极普里兹湾海冰密集度准确性的评估

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遥感学报 2023年第11期27卷 2499-2515页

作者：李若晗夏瑞彬张晓爽晁国芳陈忠彪王志勇南京信息工程大学海洋科学学院南京210044 国家海洋信息中心自然资源部海洋环境信息保障技术重点实验室天津300171 自然资源部北海预报减灾中心青岛266100

基于两种船测数据集,本文采用点对点和Beitsch共定位比较法,对被动微波遥感观测海冰密集度产品在南极普里兹湾区域适用性展开了一系列评估。首先,根据2012年—2021年中国第29、31、37次南极科考走航船测数据,依据SIC大小的不同,对8种遥... 详细信息

基于两种船测数据集,本文采用点对点和Beitsch共定位比较法,对被动微波遥感观测海冰密集度产品在南极普里兹湾区域适用性展开了一系列评估。首先,根据2012年—2021年中国第29、31、37次南极科考走航船测数据,依据SIC大小的不同,对8种遥感SIC产品进行了分类定量比较,结果表明NSIDC/NT2算法产品在各情况比较中均体现出最高相关性与最佳稳定性,在共定位比较结果中相关系数可达0.926,均方根差12%,平均偏差仅2%。其次,为弥补基于AMSR-2传感器系列产品历史数据缺乏难以分析长期变化的缺陷,本文同时应用1992年—2000年ASPeCt船测数据集,以相同的对比方式对4种遥感数据产品的季节循环和长期变化信号进行了评估。结果表明,该时间段反演准确度较2012年—2021年的个例比较结果有所降低,且反映出较大的季节差异,4种产品的偏差均出现从融冰期到结冰期的增长。该时间段内,基于SSM/I传感器的CDR与Bootstrap算法整体反演较好,相关系数均达到0.8以上,均方根差16%,偏差约为8%,但是在低SIC区域的反演仍然存在较大的偏差。本研究表明,目前微波遥感SIC产品在较小范围海区的精确度存在一定的不足,且随着SIC类型、季节、算法差异出现较大的波动。因此提高分辨率,尽量使用多源数据,结合冰况进行分类分析,对改善遥感SIC产品的准确性十分必要。

关键词：南极普里兹湾海冰密集度被动微波遥感走航观测数据质量评估

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Efficacy evaluation and neurobiological mechanism of psychedelics based on looming model

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中国药理学与毒理学杂志 2023年第7期37卷 533-534页

作者： xia Ke YAN Haitao SU ruibin Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Academy of Military Medical Sciences

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of psychedelics on innate fear behavior of mice in Looming model(LM) and its neurobiological mechanism. METHODS(1) Adult male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into saline group, DOM group, psilocybin group and mescaline group. The drugs of the corresponding groups were given ip injecction 5 min in advance and LM were used to test the effect of them on freezing time in shelter of mice.(2) The mice were performing ip given DOM or psilocybin following 5-HT2Areceptor antagonist M100907 ip30 min later involved looming experiments.(3) Quantified the expression of EGR1 protein in mouse brains by immunofluorescence staining, then use ibotenic acid(IBO) damaged the mouse brain regions based on the result above and performed looming experiments.(4) Specifically activate or inhibit CaMK Ⅱ, PV, VIP and SOM neurons of mice in saline or psilocybin groups respectively by chemical genetic methods and followed looming experiments. RESULTS(1) In LM, the freezing time in shelter of mice in DOM, psilocybin and mescaline groups was significantly shorter compared to the saline group(P<0.05), and the dose-effect curves of above psychedelics were U-shaped.(2) Compared with the vehicle +psilocybin/DOM groups, the freezing time in shelter of mice in M100907 + psilocybin/DOM groups was significantly prolonged(P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the vehicle + saline group and the M100907 + psilocybin/DOM groups.(3) Psilocybin significantly increased the expression of EGR1 protein in prelimbic cortex(PrL) compared with saline, and the damage of PrL could effectively antagonized the effect of psilocybin shortening the freezing time in LM.(4) Chemicalgenetic specific inhibition of CaMK Ⅱ, PV or VIP neurons in PrL could effectively antagonize the effect of psilocybin in LM,while chemicalgenetic specific activation of CaMK Ⅱneurons could significantly shorten the freezing time of saline-treated mice. CONCLUSION Psychedelics have capability to waken the innate fear behavior like freezing

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