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Radioisotope production using lasers:From basic science to applications

Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第3期9卷 31-44页

作者： M.R.D.Rodrigues A.Bonasera M.Scisciò J.A.Pérez-Hernández M.Ehret F.Filippi P.L.Andreoli M.Huault H.Larreur D.Singappuli D.Molloy D.Raffestin M.Alonzo g.g.Rapisarda D.Lattuada g.L.guardo C.Verona fe.Consoli g.Petringa A.McNamee M.La Cognata S.Palmerini t.Carriere M.Cipriani g.Di giorgio g.Cristofari R.De Angelis g.A.P.Cirrone D.Margarone L.giuffrida D.Batani P.Nicolai K.Batani R.Lera L.Volpe D.giulietti S.Agarwal M.Krupka S.Singh Fa.Consoli Cyclotron Institute Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77840USA Laboratori Nazionali del Sud Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(LNS-INFN)CataniaItaly ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security Department-CFrascatiItaly Centro de Láseres Pulsados(clpu) VillamayorSpain Universidad de Salamanca SalamancaSpain Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications(CELIA) Universitéde BordeauxCNRSCEATalenceFrance HB11 Energy Holdings Pty FreshwaterNew South WalesAustralia School of Mathematics and Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia“E.Majorana ”Università di CataniaCataniaItaly Facoltàdi Ingegneria e Architettura Universitàdegli Studi di Enna“Kore”EnnaItaly Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale Universitàdi Roma“Tor Vergata”RomaItaly Dipartimento di Fisica e geologia Universitàdegli Studi di PerugiaPerugiaItaly Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di PerugiaPerugiaItaly ELI Beamlines Facility the Extreme Light Infrastructure ERICDolni BrezanyCzech Republic EtSIA Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain Dipartimento Fisica “E.Fermi”Universitàdi Pisa and INFNPisaItaly FZU–Institute of Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences PragueCzech Republic Institute of Plasma Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences PragueCzech Republic

the discovery of chirped pulse amplification has led to great improvements in laser technology,enabling energetic laser beams to be compressed to pulse durations of tens of femtoseconds and focused to a few *** with energies of tens of MeV can be accelerated using,for instance,target normal sheath acceleration and focused on secondary *** such conditions,nuclear reactions can occur,with the production of radioisotopes suitable for medical *** use of high-repetition lasers to produce such isotopes is competitive with conventional methods mostly based on *** this paper,we study the production of^(67)Cu,^(63)Zn,^(18)F,and^(11)C,which are currently used in positron emission tomography and other *** the same time,we study the reactions^(10)B(p,α)^(7)Be and^(70)Zn(p,4n)^(67)ga to put further constraints on the proton distributions at different angles,as well as the reaction^(11)B(p,α)^(8)Be relevant for energy *** experiment was performed at the 1 PW laser facility at VegaⅢin Salamanca,*** distributions of radioisotopes in the forward(with respect to the laser direction)and backward directions were measured using a high purity germanium *** results are in reasonable agreement with numerical estimates obtained following the approach of Kimura and Bonasera[*** ***.,Sect.A 637,164–170(2011)].

关键词： purity estimates backward

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Heavy metal pollution of river water and eco-friendly remediation using potent microalgal species

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Water Science and Engineering 2024年第1期17卷 41-50页

作者： Amudham Radha Amal Raj Prabhakaran Mylsamy V.Sivasankar B.Sathish Kumar Kiyoshi Omine t.g.Sunitha Phycological Research Laboratory Research Department of BotanyPachaiyappa's College(Affiliated to University of Madras)Chennai 600030India Research Department of Chemistry Pachaiyappa's College(Affiliated to University of Madras)Chennai 600030India Department of Botany Sri Vidya Mandir Arts&Science College(Autonomous)KatteriUthangarai 636902India Department of Civil Engineering School of Engineering.Nagasaki UniversityNagasaki-Daigaku1-14 Bunkyo-machiNagasaki 8528521Japan

Pollution of rivers is mainly caused by anthropogenic activities such as discharge of effluent from industrial facilities,maintenance of sewage/effluent treatment plants,and dumping of solid waste on river *** study dealt with the pollution issues of the Cooum River in the well-known city of Chennai in South *** samples from 27 locations were collected and analyzed for 12 elements,including Ba,B,and Al,as well as heavy metals such as Pb,Cr,Mn,fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,and *** samples showed levels of these elements that exceeded World Health Organization *** correlation analysis revealed the inter-dependency among elements,and the contribution of each element based on factor loadings showed its percentage contribution compared to *** samples from six significant locations were chosen for remediation with three algae:Chlorella vulgaris,Scenedesmus dimorphus,and Phormedium *** uptake of pollutants led to the continuous growth of algae during the incubation period of 15 d,effectively removing heavy metals from the river *** increasing levels of algal counts and the chlorophyll a content confirmed the algal growth during the incubation period,followed by a declining stage after the incubation *** scanning electron microscopic images of algae before and after the remediation showed no remarkable modification of morphological *** study showed that the uptake of heavy metals using algae is an effective water pollution remediation measure,making the process practicable in the field on a large scale in the near future.

关键词： Heavy metal Cooum river Phycoremediation Microalgae Factor analysis

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Creep-induced redistribution of alloying elements in CZ1 zirconium alloys

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Journal of Materials Science & technology 2024年第6期173卷 31-44页

作者： W.t.Lin Q.Y.Lv D.Jiao L.B.Zhang J.tan g.Sha J.Hu China Nuclear Power technology Research Institute Shenzhen 518026China School of Material Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China

Introducing minor alloying elements is an effective strategy to improve the corrosion and mechanical properties of zirconium alloys for nuclear *** in-reactor service,external environment and stress can affect the distribution of alloying elements,substantially changing the degradation process of zirconium *** date,there is a lack of in-depth understanding of the interaction between creep and microchemistry ***,we conducted systematic transmission electron microscopy(tEM)and atom probe tomography(APt)investigations to address creep-induced redistribution of alloying elements in CZ1(Zr-Sn-Nb-fe-Cr-Cu)zirconium alloy with different initial ***,fe,Sn,and Cu are found to co-segregate at grain *** higher the intermediate annealing temperature,the larger the gibbsian interfacial excesses of solute elements *** further demonstrate that creep can reduce the excess value of fe at grain boundaries due to the coarsening of Zr-fe-Cr second phase particles via grain boundary and dislocation pipe *** the same time,the excess value of Sn is increased by diffusing from the matrix to grain ***,Cu as a minor element in the concentration range of 0.05-0.3 wt.%is found to segregate at dislocations to form the Cottrell atmosphere and develop Cu-rich nanoclusters for suppressing dislocation *** new understanding of the segregation and clustering of minor alloying elements provides guidance for developing zirconium alloys with enhanced creep resistance.

关键词： Zirconium alloy thermal creep grain boundary segregation Dislocation segregation Cu-rich nanoclusters

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A deep neural network based surrogate model for damage identification in full-scale structures with incomplete noisy measurements

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第3期18卷 393-410页

作者： tram BUI-NgOC Duy-Khuong LY tam t tRUONg Chanachai tHONgCHOM t.NgUYEN-tHOI Laboratory for Computational Mechanics Institute for Computational Science and Artificial IntelligenceVan Lang UniversityHo Chi Minh City 70000Vietnam Faculty of Mechanical-Electrical and Computer Engineering School of TechnologyVan Lang UniversityHo Chi Minh City 70000Vietnam Faculty of Civil Engineering School of TechnologyVan Lang UniversityHo Chi Minh City 70000Vietnam Department of Computer Science Aarhus UniversityAarhus 8000Denmark thammasat University research unit in structural and foundation engineering Department of Civil EngineeringThammasat UniversityPathumthani 12120Thailand Laboratory for Applied and Industrial Mathematics Institute for Computational Science and Artificial IntelligenceVan Lang UniversityHo Chi Minh City 70000Vietnam thammasat School of Engineering Thammasat UniversityPathumthani 12120Thailand

the paper introduces a novel approach for detecting structural damage in full-scale structures using surrogate models generated from incomplete modal data and deep neural networks(DNNs).A significant challenge in this field is the limited availability of measurement data for full-scale structures,which is addressed in this paper by generating data sets using a reduced finite element(fe)model constructed by SAP2000 software and the MAtLAB programming *** surrogate models are trained using response data obtained from the monitored structure through a limited number of measurement *** proposed approach involves training a single surrogate model that can quickly predict the location and severity of damage for all potential *** achieve the most generalized surrogate model,the study explores different types of layers and hyperparameters of the training algorithm and employs state-of-the-art techniques to avoid overfitting and to accelerate the training *** approach’s effectiveness,efficiency,and applicability are demonstrated by two numerical *** study also verifies the robustness of the proposed approach on data sets with sparse and noisy measured ***,the proposed approach is a promising alternative to traditional approaches that rely on fe model updating and optimization algorithms,which can be computationally *** approach also shows potential for broader applications in structural damage detection.

关键词： vibration-based damage detection deep neural network full-scale structures finite element model updating noisy incomplete modal data

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Distribution, health and ecological risk assessments of trace elements in Nigerian oil sands

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Acta geochimica 2024年第1期43卷 59-71页

作者： Odunayo t.Ore festus M.Adebiyi Department of Chemistry Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-Ife 220005Nigeria Department of Chemical Sciences Achievers UniversityOwoNigeria

the Nigerian oil sands represent the largest oil sand deposit in Africa, yet there is little published information on the distribution and potential health and ecological risks of trace elements in the oil resource. In the present study, we investigated the distribution pattern of 18trace elements(including biophile and chalcophile elements) as well as the estimated risks associated with exposure to these elements. the results of the study indicated that fe was the most abundant element, with a mean concentration of 22,131 mg/kg while Br had the lowest mean concentration of 48 mg/kg. the high occurrence of fe and ti suggested a possible occurrence of ilmenite(fe tiO_(3)) in the oil sands. Source apportionment using positive matrix factorization showed that the possible sources of detected elements in the oil sands were geogenic, metal production, and crustal. the contamination factor, geo-accumulation index, modified degree of contamination, pollution load index, and Nemerow pollution index indicated that the oil sands are heavily polluted by the elements. Health risk assessment showed that children were relatively more susceptible to the potentially toxic elements in the oil sands principally via ingestion exposure route(HQ > 1E-04). Cancer risks from inhalation are unlikely due to CR t ingestion and dermal contact pose severe risks(CR > 1E-04). the high concentrations of the elements pose serious threats due to the potential for atmospheric transport, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability.

关键词： Biophile Chalcophile Oil sand Risk assessment trace element

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Boosting the catalytic activity toward oxygen reduction via a heterostructure of porous iron oxide-decorated 2D NiO/Ng nanosheets

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第6期93卷 669-681,I0016页

作者： Kakali Maiti Matthew t.Curnan Hyung Jun Kim Kyeounghak Kim Jeong Woo Han Department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)PohangGyeongbuk 37673Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Research Institute of Advanced MaterialsSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Department of Chemical Engineering Clean-Energy Research InstituteHanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials technology RRL CampusAcharya ViharBhubaneswarOdisha 751013India

As a noble metal substitute,two-dimensional(2D)hierarchical nano-frame structures have attracted great interest as candidate catalysts due to their remarkable advantages-high intrinsic activity,high electron mobility,and straightforward surface ***,they may replace Pt-based catalysts in oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)***,a simple method is developed to design hierarchical nano-frame structures assembled via 2D NiO and N-doped graphene(Ng)*** procedure can yield nanostructures that satisfy the criteria correlated with improved electrocatalytic performance,such as large surface area,numerous undercoordinated atoms,and high defect ***,porous Ng nanosheet architectures,featuring NiO nanosheets densely coordinated with accessible holey fe_(2)O_(3) moieties,can enhance mesoporosity and balance *** improvements can facilitate charge transport and expose formerly inaccessible reaction sites,maximizing active site density *** functional theory(DFt)calculations reveal favored O_(2) adsorption and dissociation on fe_(2)O_(3) hybrid structures when supported by 2D NiO and Ng nanomaterials,given 2D materials donated charge to fe_(2)O_(3) active *** systematic studies reveal that synergistic contributions are responsible for enriching the catalytic activity of fe_(2)O_(3)@NiO/Ng in alkaline media-encompassing internal voids and pores,unique hierarchical support structures,and concentrated N-dopant and bimetallic atomic ***,this work expands the toolbox for designing and synthesizing highly efficient 2D/2D shelled functional nanomaterials with transition metals,endeavoring to benefit energy conversion and related ORR applications.

关键词： N-doped graphene Holey fe_(2)O_(3)nanocrystals NiO nanosheets High catalytic performance ORR

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Spatiotemporal mapping of(ultra‐)mafic magmatic mine areas:Implications of economic and political realities in China

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Deep Underground Science and Engineering 2024年第1期3卷 91-102页

作者： Heling Li Liang tang tim t.Werner Zhengmeng Hou Fan Meng Jingjing Li College of Earth Sciences Chengdu University of TechnologyChengduChina Institute of Subsurface Energy Systems Clausthal University of TechnologyClausthal ZellerfeldGermany School of geography Earth and Atmospheric SciencesFaculty of ScienceThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia

the spatiotemporal extension/expansion of mine areas is affected by multiple *** far,very little has been done to examine the interaction between mine areas and political or economic ***(ultra‐)mafic magmatic mines in China played a specific role in supporting national development and providing an ideal research subject for monitoring their *** this study,remote sensing and mining‐related gIS data were used to identify and analyze 1233(ultra‐)mafic magmatic mine area polygons in China,which covered approximately 322.96 km2 of land and included a V–ti–fe mine,a copper–nickel mine,a chromite mine,an asbestos mine,and a diamond *** was found that(1)the areal expansion of mines is significantly related to the mine types,perimeter,topography,and population density.(2)the mine area variation also reflects market and policy *** temporal expansion of the mine area from 2010 to 2020 followed an S‐shaped pattern(with the turning point occurring in 2014),closely related to iron overcapacity and tightened mining policies.(3)the complexity(D)of the mine area may reflect mine design and excavation *** be specific,lower D indicates early‐stage or artisanal/small‐scale mining,whereas higher D represents large‐scale *** study demonstrates that the detailed mapping of mine land can serve as an indicator to implement miningrelated market and policy ***(ultra‐)mafic mines area data set can be accessed at https://***/record/7636616#.Y-p0uxaZOa0.

关键词： complexity mine area mining and socioeconomic interaction spatiotemporal distribution (ultra‐)mafic magmatic mine

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Effects of Annealing on High-Magnetoresistance tunnel Junctions Using Co_(75)fe_(25) ferromagnetic Electrodes

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Journal of Materials Science & technology 2000年第6期16卷 549-553页

作者： Han x.F. Miyazaki t. Dep. of Appl. Phys. Tokoku Univ. Sendai 980-8579 Japan

tunnel junctions, ta (5 nm)/Ni79/fe21 (3 nm)/Cu (20 nm)/Ni79/fe21 (3 nm)/Ir22/Mn78 (10 nm)/Co75/fe25/ (4 nm)/Ni79/fe21 (4 nm)/Ni79/fe21/(20 nm)/ta (5 nm) wherein d=1.3 and 0.8 nm, with small active area from 100×100 down to 3×3 μm2 were fabricated using a micro-fabrication technique. the optical lithography combined with Ar ion-beam etching and CF4 active etching was used to pattern the junction area. A thin barrier layer and a short plasma-oxidation time for Al-oxide layer were used in order to reduce the junction resistance and increase the tMR ratio. the optimum annealing temperature and time for the highest tMR obtained were investigated to be around 300°C for an hour in this work. tMR ratio, effective barrier height and width, and breakdown voltage of the junctions can be remarkably enhanced upon annealing. High tMR ratio of 49.7% at room temperature and 69.1% at 4.2 K were achieved. tMR ratio and resistances decrease with increasing dc bias voltage from 0 to 1000 mV or with increasing temperature from 4.2 K to room temperature.

关键词： tMR ferromagnetic Electrodes

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Al-Ca-fe合金中Al_(10)Cafe_(2)化合物的形成与表征

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transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2024年第2期34卷 361-377页

作者： N.A.BELOV t.K.AKOPYAN E.A.NAUMOVA V.V.DOROSHENKO t.A.SVIRIDOVA N.O.KOROtKOVA National University of Science and technology MISIS 4 Leninsky pr.Moscow 119049Russia Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science 49 Leninsky pr.Moscow 119991Russia

采用热力学计算和实验技术研究铝角的Al-Ca-fe体系相图,包括液相面投影图和凝固反应。结果表明,与铝固溶体(Al)平衡的不是Al_(3)fe相,而是一种组成符合化学式Al_(10)Cafe_(2)的三元化合物。通过包晶转变L+Al_(3)fe→(Al)+Al_(10)Cafe_(2... 详细信息

采用热力学计算和实验技术研究铝角的Al-Ca-fe体系相图,包括液相面投影图和凝固反应。结果表明,与铝固溶体(Al)平衡的不是Al_(3)fe相,而是一种组成符合化学式Al_(10)Cafe_(2)的三元化合物。通过包晶转变L+Al_(3)fe→(Al)+Al_(10)Cafe_(2)(638℃,3.3%Ca和0.5%fe,摩尔分数)发生从二元化合物到三元化合物的转变。与针状Al_(3)fe相夹杂物不同,三元化合物的初晶和共晶具有致密的形貌。使用第一性原理计算和x射线衍射分析确定三元化合物Al_(10)Cafe_(2)的晶格结构。此外,近共晶合金Al-6%Ca-1%fe(质量分数)在500~600℃退火后具有细晶组织,过量相的总体积分数约为25%。因此,Al-Ca-fe体系可用于制造新的铝基复合合金。

关键词： Al-Ca合金金属间化合物相图相变显微组织铝基复合材料

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HREM StUDY OF tHE AUStENItE/MARtENSItE INtERFACES IN AN fe-9Ni ALLOY

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 1997年第5期10卷 386-391页

作者： Li, g.L. Meng, x.M. Zhang, F.t. Wu, Y.K. Inst of Metal Research Chinese Acad of Sciences Shenyang China

the atomic level structures of fcc/bcc interfaces in an fe-9Ni alloy have been examined by means of HREM. It has been found that the orientation of γ prime /α interface had great effects on its atomic structure. these interfaces with different orientations may be composed of only structural ledges, structural ledges with misfit dislocations, superledges with misfit dislocations or only misfit dislocations. A structural model of growth ledge was suggested. the terrace of growth ledge was composed of structural ledges or misfit dislocations. the atomic structure of the riser of growth ledge was the same as that of the side facet of γ prime lath, which is composed of superledges with misfit dislocations.

关键词： Austenite Electron microscopy Interfaces (materials) Martensite Nickel alloys

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