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A Critical Review of the Evidence for M32 being a Compact Dwarf Satellite of M31 rather than a More Distant Normal Galaxy

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Chinese journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2008年第4期8卷 369-384页

作者： C. Ke-shih Young Malcolm j. Currie Robert j. Dickens A-Li Luo Tong-jie Zhang National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China Department of Physics University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China School of Physics University of New South Wales Sydney 2052 Australia Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Chilton Didcot Oxfordshire OX 11 0QX Great Britain Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Since Baade＇s photographic study of M32 in the mid 1940s, it has been accepted as an established fact that M32 is a compact dwarf satellite of M31. The purpose of this paper is to report on the findings of our investigation into the nature of the existing evidence. We find that the case for M32 being a satellite of M31 rests upon Hubble Space Telescope （HST） based stellar population studies which have resolved red-giant branch （RGB） and red clump stars in M32 as well as other nearby galaxies. Taken in isolation, this recent evidence could be considered to be conclusive in favour of the existing view. However, the conventional scenario does not explain M32＇s anomalously high central velocity dispersion for a dwarf galaxy （several times that of either NGC 147, NGC 185 or NGC 205） or existing planetary nebula observations （which suggest that M32 is more than twice as distant as M31） and also requires an elaborate physical explanation for M32＇s inferred compactness. Conversely, we find that the case for M32 being a normal galaxy, of the order of three times as distant as M31, is supported by：（1） a central velocity dispersion typical of intermediate galaxies, （2） the published planetary nebula observations, and （3） known scaling relationships for normal early-type galaxies. However, this novel scenario cannot account for the high apparent luminosities of the RGB stars resolved in the M32 direction by HST observations. We are therefore left with two apparently irreconcilable scenarios, only one of which can be correct, but both of which suffer from potentially fatal evidence to the *** suggests that current understanding of some relevant fields is still very far from adequate.

关键词： galaxies:individual M32 - galaxies distances and redshifts - galaxies dwarf- galaxies elliptical and lenticular, cD - galaxies fundamental parameters

Occupancy of avian foraging guilds in soybean fields and borders in Entre Ríos, Argentina: responses to vegetation structure and prey resources

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Avian Research 2020年第4期11卷 398-411页

作者： Andrea P.Goijman Michael j.Conroy Vanina D.Varni jeffrey j.Thompson María Elena Zaccagnini Instituto de Recursos Biológicos CIRNInstituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria(CNIA-INTA)HurlinghamBuenos AiresArgentina D.B.Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA Present Address:Athens GAUSA Present Address:Laboratorio de Genómica Ecológica y Evolutiva IrapuatoGtoMéxico Present Address:Guyra Paraguay-CONACYT Av.Cnel.Carlos BóvedaParque Ecológico Capital-Viñas CuéAsunciónParaguay Present Address:Instituto Saite AsunciónParaguay Present Address:The Ronin Institute MontclairNJUSA Present Address:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria(INTA) CABAArgentina

Background:Reconciling agriculture and biodiversity conservation is a challenge given the growing demand for agricultural *** recent decades,Argentina has witnessed agricultural expansion and intensification affecting biodiversity and associated ecosystem *** agroecosystems,the level of habitat quality is critical for birds,and may depend on vegetation structure,availability of invertebrate prey,and the use of *** the relationship between vegetation structure and avian occurrence has been widely studied,to our knowledge,there are no studies that also incorporate prey availability throughout the cycle of soybean crops in *** estimated and predicted the effects of land cover and temporal variation on the occurrence of avian foraging guilds in Entre Ríos,Argentina,in order to guide management related to potential ecosystem services provided by *** also estimated temporal effects of vegetation structure and insecticides on the main arthropod orders consumed by birds to evaluate prey ***:We conducted bird and arthropod surveys for 2 years along transects located in 20 randomly selected soybean fields(N=60)and their adjacent borders(N=78)throughout the crop growing season,in four *** estimated avian occupancy,accounting for imperfect detection,and arthropod counts fitting generalized linear mixed ***:The number of native trees in field borders positively influenced the occurrence of most bird species,mainly *** foliage gleaners,also were positively affected by grass *** and aerial foragers were weakly affected by distance to forest and native *** general,the availability of invertebrates to birds was highest during the third *** counts in borders were greater during the last three crop stages than during the pre-sowing ***:We found that with 10 to 15 native tree species in borders,coupled with a complex vegetation structure w

关键词： Agriculture Birds Ecosystem services Insecticide Insectivores Invertebrates Management Native trees Occurrence

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暂溶性分散染料染涤纶织物的后处理

国外纺织技术（纺织针织服装化纤染整） 2001年第11期 25-27页

作者： W.j.lee 张子涛

1引言聚酯纤维是一种高疏水性纤维,只能用分散染料染色,后处理后要求织物具有良好的牢度.多年来采用的是还原清洗工艺,这种工艺能够除去纤维表面染料沉淀和低聚物而不影响已进入纤维内部的染料分子.然而,这种处理过程的缺点是产生大量p... 详细信息

1引言聚酯纤维是一种高疏水性纤维,只能用分散染料染色,后处理后要求织物具有良好的牢度.多年来采用的是还原清洗工艺,这种工艺能够除去纤维表面染料沉淀和低聚物而不影响已进入纤维内部的染料分子.然而,这种处理过程的缺点是产生大量pH值很高的污水,而且这些污水含有某些致癌胺类物质和诸如亚硫酸氢钠之类的强还原剂.目前涤纶染色中还没有其他后处理方法来取代还原清洗工艺.混纺织物如涤/毛、涤/棉、涤/丝的后处理条件不能过于剧烈,以防破坏其中的天然纤维成分.现有的某些含有二酯基团或噻吩环的分散染料,可以在柔和的条件下很容易地除去.

关键词：暂溶性分散染料染色涤纶织物后处理乙烯类基团还原清洗剂牢度转变过程

Perfect short-range ordered alloy with line-compound-like properties in the ZnSnN_(2):ZnO system

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 1132-1137页

作者： jie Pan jacob j.Cordell Garritt j.Tucker Andriy Zakutayev Adele C.Tamboli Stephan Lany Materials Science Center National Renewable Energy LaboratoryGoldenCO 80401USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Colorado School of MinesGoldenCO 80401USA

We present a new solid-state material phase which is a disordered solid solution but offers many ordered line-compound *** emergent physical phenomena are rooted in the perfect short-range order which conserves the local octet *** model the dual-sublattice-mixed semiconductor alloy (ZnSnN_(2))_(1-x)(ZnO)_(2x) using first-principles calculations,Monte-Carlo simulations with a model Hamiltonian,and an extension of the regular solution model by incorporating short-range order.

关键词： alloy ordered compound

Base Station Energy Management in 5G Networks Using Wide Range Control Optimization

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第1期35卷 811-826页

作者： j.Premalatha A.SahayaAnselin Nisha Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Sathyabama Institue of Science and TechnologyChennai600119India

The traffic activity offifth generation(5G)networks demand for new energy management techniques that is dynamic deep and longer duration of sleep as compared to the fourth generation(4G)network technologies that demand always for varied control and data signalling based on control base station(CBS)and data base station(DBS).Hence,this paper discusses the energy management in wireless cellular networks using wide range of control for twice the reduction in energy conservation in non-standalone deployment of 5G *** the new radio(NR)based 5G network is configured to transmit signal blocks for every 20 ms,the proposed algorithm implements withstanding capacity of on or off based energy switching,which in-turn operates in wide range control by carrying out reduced computational *** proposed Wide range of control for base station in green cellular network using sleep mode for switch(WGCNS)algorithm toon and off the base station will work in heavy load with neighbouring base *** reducing the overhead duration in air,heuristic versions of the algorithm are proposed at the base *** algorithm operates based on the specification with suggested protocol-level to give best amount of energy *** proposed algorithm reduces 40%to 83%of residual energy based on the traffic pattern of the urban scenario.

关键词： 5G base station energy management energy saving traffic pattern sleep mode

Decratonic gold deposits

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Science China Earth Sciences 2015年第8期58卷 1523-1537页

作者： ZHU Rixiang FAN HongRui LI jianWei MENG QingRen LI ShengRong ZENG QingDong State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences

The North China Craton(NCC) hosts numerous gold deposits and is known as the most gold-productive region of China. The gold deposits were mostly formed within a few million years in the Early Cretaceous(130–120 Ma), coeval with widespread occurrences of bimodal magmatism, rift basins and metamorphic core complexes that marked the peak of lithospheric thinning and destruction of the NCC. Stable isotope data and geological evidence indicate that ore-forming fluids and other components were largely exsolved from cooling magma and/or derived from mantle degassing during the period of lithospheric extension. Gold mineralization in the NCC contrasts strikingly with that of other cratons where gold ore-forming fluids were sourced mostly from metamorphic devolatization in compressional or transpressional regimes. In this paper, we present a summary and discussion on time-space distribution and ore genesis of gold deposits in the NCC in the context of the timing, spatial variation, and decratonic processes. Compared with orogenic gold deposits in other cratonic blocks, the Early Cretaceous gold deposits in the NCC are quite distinct in that they were deposited from magma-derived fluids under extensional settings and associated closely with destruction of cratonic lithosphere. We argue that Early Cretaceous gold deposits in the NCC cannot be classified as orogenic gold deposits as previously suggested, rather, they are a new type of gold deposits, termed as "decratonic gold deposits" in this study. The westward subduction of the paleo-West Pacific plate(the Izanagi plate) beneath the eastern China continent gave rise to an optimal tectonic setting for large-scale gold mineralization in the Early Cretaceous. Dehydration of the subducted and stagnant slab in the mantle transition zone led to continuous hydration and considerable metasomatism of the mantle wedge beneath the NCC. As a consequence, the refractory mantle became oxidized and highly enriched in large ion lithophile e

关键词： Early Cretaceous craton destruction decratonic gold deposit ore deposit model

Beyond first-line chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer:An expanding array of therapeutic options?

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第9期20卷 2224-2236页

作者： Evan j Walker Andrew H Ko University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center San Francisco CA 94115 United States

While an increasing number of therapeutic options are now available for the first-line treatment of locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer,the optimal choice for treatment in the second-line setting and beyond is less well defined.A variety of cytotoxic agents,either alone or in combination,have been evaluated,although primarily in the context of small single-arm or retrospective *** regimens have been associated with median progression-free survival rates in the range of 2-4 mo and overall survival rates between 4-8mo,highlighting the very poor prognosis of patients who are candidates for such *** therapies studied in this chemotherapy-refractory setting,meanwhile,have produced even worse efficacy *** the current article,we review the clinical evidence for treatment of refractory disease,primarily in patients who have progressed on front-line gemcitabine-based *** the process,we highlight the limitations of the available data to date as well as some of the challenges in designing appropriate clinical trials in this salvage setting,including how to select an appropriate control arm given the absence of a wellestablished reference standard,and the importance of incorporating predictive biomarkers and quality of life measures whenever possible into study design.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Refractory Second-line chemotherapy Gemcitabine

习近平总书记关于“民心是最大的政治”重要论述的三重视域探析

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中北大学学报（社会科学版） 2024年第4期40卷 38-42页

作者：刘继鑫刘继荣中北大学马克思主义学院山西太原030051

习近平总书记关于“民心是最大的政治”重要论述是新时代党的群众路线的创新性发展,充分体现了中国共产党“发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享”的“全心全意为人民服务”根本宗旨。这一重要论述是对中华优秀传统文化中... 详细信息

习近平总书记关于“民心是最大的政治”重要论述是新时代党的群众路线的创新性发展,充分体现了中国共产党“发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享”的“全心全意为人民服务”根本宗旨。这一重要论述是对中华优秀传统文化中的民本思想的传承,是对马克思主义群众史观的把握,也是对中国共产党历代领导集体的人民思想的赓续。新时代践行习近平总书记关于“民心是最大的政治”重要论述必须从全面深化体制改革,贯彻共享发展理念,汲取人民智慧,提高人民生活水平等方面来着手。

关键词：民心是最大的政治党的群众路线人民思想

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新编简明无机化学第3版

新编简明无机化学第3版