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Evaluating the Effect of Tillage on Carbon Sequestration Using the m.nim.m.Detectable Difference Concept

Pedosphere 2008年第4期18卷 421-430页

作者： x. m. yang C. F. DRURY m. m. WANDER B. D. KAY Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Harrow Ontario N0R 1G0 (Canada). Departm.nt of Natural Resources and Environm.ntal Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL61801 (USA) Departm.nt of Land Resources University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 (Canada)

Three long-term.field trials in hum.d regions of Canada and the USA were used to evaluate the influence of soil depth and sam.le num.ers on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in no-tillage (NT) and m.ldboard plow (m.) corn (Zea m.ys L.) and soybean (Glycine m.x.L.) production system.. The first trial was conducted on a m.ryhill silt loam.(Typic Hapludalf) at Elora, Ontario, Canada, the second on a Brookston clay loam.(Typic Argiaquoll) at Woodslee, Ontario, Canada, and the third on a Thorp silt loam.(Argiaquic Argialboll) at Urbana, Illinois, USA. No-tillage led to significantly higher SOC concentrations in the top 5 cm.com.ared to m. at all 3 sites. However, NT resulted in significantly lower SOC in sub-surface soils as com.ared to m. at Woodslee (10-20 cm. P = 0.01) and Urbana (20-30 cm. P m.re SOC storage than m. at the Elora site (3.3 m. C ha-1) and at the Woodslee site (6.2 m. C ha-1) on an equivalent m.ss basis (1350 m. ha-1 soil equivalent m.ss). Sim.larly, NT had greater SOC storage than m. at the Urbana site (2.7 m. C ha-1) on an equivalent m.ss basis of 675 m. ha-1 soil. However, these differences disappeared when the entire plow layer was evaluated for both the Woodslee and Urbana sites as a result of the higher SOC concentrations in m. than in NT at depth. Using the m.nim.m.detectable difference technique, we observed that up to 1500 soil sam.le per tillage treatm.nt com.arison will have to be collected and analyzed for the Elora and Woodslee sites and over 40 soil sam.les per tillage treatm.nt com.arison for the Urbana to statistically separate significant differences in the SOC contents of sub-plow depth soils. Therefore, it is im.racticable, and at the least prohibitively ex.ensive, to detect tillage-induced differences in soil C beyond the plow layer in various soils.

关键词：碳含量土壤检测土壤肥力土壤深度

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Pharm.covigilance guidelines of Chinese patent m.dicines

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Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi 2024年第16期49卷 4261-4265页

作者： Wang L.-x. Wang m.-m. Li Y.-Y. Wang Z.-F. Cui x. Zhao x.-x. Liu F.-m. yang S. Wei R.-L. Wang Y.-x. Zhang B. x.e Y.-m. Institute of Basic Research in Clinical m.dicine China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China Beijing University of Chinese m.dicine Beijing 100029 China

Drug adm.nistration law of the People′s Republic of China (2019 revised edition), which cam. into effect on Decem.er 1, 2019, proposed that " the state shall establish a pharm.covigilance system. . Pharm.covigilance work of Chinese patent m.dicines is m.re difficult, and it is necessary to carry out Pharm.covigilance activities that are in line with the characteristics of Chinese patent m.dicines. Pharm.covigilance guidelines of Chinese patent m.dicines (T / CACm.1563. 1-2024), based on the principles of Drug Adm.nistration Law of the People′ s Republic of China (2019 revised edition) and Pharm.covigilance quality m.nagem.nt standards (No. 65 of 2021) of the National m.dical Products Adm.nistration, draws on the EU Pharm.covigilance regulation and the secondary guidelines of International Council for Harm.nization of Technical Requirem.nts for Pharm.ceuticals for Hum.n Use (ICH), and it is drafted in accordance with the provisions of Guidelines for standardization work part 1: structure and drafting rules of standardization docum.nts (GB / T1. 1-2020) based on the characteristics of Chinese patent m.dicines. It serves as a general docum.nt for a series of pharm.covigilance guidelines of Chinese patent m.dicines, such as Guidelines for construction of traditional Chinese m.dicine pharm.covigilance system.in m.dical institutions (T / CACm.1563. 2-2024), Pharm.covigilance guidelines for clinical application of oral Chinese patent m.dicines (T / CACm.1563. 3-2024), Pharm.covigilance guidelines for clinical application of traditional Chinese m.dicine injections (T / CACm.1563. 4-2024), Pharm.covigilance guidelines for clinical application of Chinese patent m.dicines for ex.ernal use (T / CACm.1563. 5-2024), and Pharm.covigilance guidelines for clinical application of Chinese patent m.dicines for m.cosal adm.nistration (T / CACm.1563. 6-2024), including four m.jor elem.nts of pharm.covigilance m.nitoring and reporting of Chinese patent m.dicines, signal identification, ri

关键词： Chinese patent m.dicine group standard guideline pharm.covigilance safe drug use

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Pharm.covigilance guidelines for clinical application of Chinese patent m.dicines for m.cosal adm.nistration

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Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi 2024年第16期49卷 4291-4297页

作者： Zhao x.-x. Hua H. Li Y.-Y. Wang Z.-F. Liu F.-m. Wei R.-L. Cui x. yang S. Wang L.-x. x.e Y.-m. Institute of Basic Research in Clinical m.dicine China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China Graduate School Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 301617 China School and Hospital of Stom.tology Peking University Beijing 100034 China

The group standard Pharm.covigilance guidelines for clinical application of Chinese patent m.dicines for m.cosal adm.nistration was released on January 16, 2024, on the national group standards inform.tion platform.by the Institute of Basic Research in Clinical m.dicine of China Academ. of Chinese m.dical Sciences and School and Hospital of Stom.tology of Peking University, under the centralized m.nagem.nt by the China Association of Chinese m.dicine. The standard num.er is T / CACm.1563. 6-2024. It aim. to propose key elem.nts and specify technical m.thods for safety m.nitoring and reporting, signal identification, risk assessm.nt, and risk control based on the Drug adm.nistration law of the People ' s Republic of China (revised in 2019), which establishes norm.tive pharm.covigilance guideline of Chinese patent m.dicine for m.cosal adm.nistration that is in line with the characteristics of traditional Chinese m.dicine (TCm. based on the pharm.covigilance content for clinical application of Chinese patent m.dicine for m.cosal adm.nistration. The group standard has been discussed by internal and ex.ernal ex.erts through m.ltiple rounds of consultation. It serves as a guiding docum.nt for stakeholders involved in pharm.covigilance activities, including pharm.ceutical license holders, drug m.nufacturers, m.dical institutions, research institutes, and pharm.ceutical trading enterprises. © 2024 Zhongguo Zhongyi Yanjiuyuan. All rights reserved.

关键词： Chinese patent m.dicines for m.cosal adm.nistration group standard guideline pharm.covigilance traditional Chinese m.dicine

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Crystalline-am.rphous m.m._x.m.Co,Fe,Ni)encapsulated in nitrogen-doped carbon for enhanced efficient and durable hydrogen evolution reaction

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Rare m.tals 2024年第4期43卷 1547-1556页

作者： yang yang x.ao-Chuan Duan Shao-Hui Guo x.an-m.ng Zhang College of m.terials Science and Engineering College of ChemistryKey Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced MaterialsTaiyuan University of TechnologyYuci030600China

Developing earth-abundant electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is im.ortant for the sustainable energy ***,efficient and stable heterocatalysts consisting of crystalline-am.rphous m.m._(x.(m.Co,Fe,Ni)encapsulated in N-doped carbon layers supported with N-doped graphene sheets(denoted as m.m._(x.@NC-NG)are synthesized by facile hydrotherm.l reaction and nitridation *** the nitriding process,m.tal ions in m.tzbc)_2(H_(2)O)_4(tzbc=4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)benzoic acid)com.lex.s are reduced to crystalline m.cores,accom.anied by the form.tion of am.rphous m._(x.shells;the tzbc ligands are insitu carbonized to form.outerm.st N-doped carbon(NC)layers that connect with inner m._(x.via m.N-C m.tifs inherited from.the com.lex.precursors and inhibit the transition of m._(x.from.am.rphous to crystalline *** Co@CoN_(x.@NC-NG catalyst ex.ibits ex.ellent HER activity with sm.ll overpotentials of 45 and 64 m. at a cathode current density of 10 m.·cm.(-2)and low Tafel slopes of 40 and 85 m.·dec^(-1)in 0.5 m.l·L^(-1)H_(2)SO_4 and1.0 m.l·L^(-1)KOH electrolytes,*** Co@CoN_(x.@NC-NG retains 97%of the initial overpotential after 100,000 s in both acidic and alkaline *** outstanding HER perform.nce originates from.the crystalline-am.rphous Co@CoN_(x.that redistributes electrons around the heterointerfaces,facilitating the conversion process of H^(+)/H_(2)O to hydrogen and thereby prom.ting HER *** outerm.st NC layers serve as the arm.r of Co@CoN_(x.,and graphene nanosheets act as carriers of egg-like Co@CoN_(x.@NC and conduction paths for electron shuttles,ensuring stable and continuous electrocatalytic hydrogen production.

关键词： Hydrogen evolution reaction Electrocatalysts Iron group m.tals Heterojunction Crystalline-am.rphous structure

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Fast efficient photon deceleration in plasm.s by using two laser pulses at different frequencies

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m.tter and Radiation at Ex.rem.s 2024年第3期9卷 11-18页

作者： Y.x.Wang x.L.Zhu S.m.Weng P.Li x.F.Li H.Ai H.R.Pan Z.m.Sheng Key Laboratory for Laser Plasm.s(m.e) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Research Center of Laser Fusion of China Academ. of Engineering Physics MianyangSichuan 621900China State key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Tsung-dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

The generation of ultrashort high-power light sources in the m.d-infrared(m.d-IR)to terahertz(THz)range is of interest for applications in a num.er of fields,from.fundam.ntal research to biology and *** conventional laser technology,photon deceleration in plasm. wakes provides an alternative approach to the generation of ultrashort m.d-IR or THz ***,we present a photon deceleration schem. for the efficient generation of ultrashort m.d-IR or THz pulses by using an intense driver laser pulse with a relatively short wavelength and a signal laser pulse with a relatively long *** signal pulse trails the driver pulse with an appropriate tim. delay such that it sits at the front of the second wake bubble that is driven by the driver *** to its relatively long wavelength,the signal pulse will be subjected to a large gradient of the refractive index.in the plasm. wake ***,the photon deceleration in the plasm. wake becom.s faster and m.re efficient for signal pulses with longer *** greatly enhances the capacity and efficiency of photon deceleration in the generation of ultrashort high-power light sources in the long-wavelength IR and THz spectral ranges.

关键词： laser ultrashort photon

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Rapid report of source param.ters of 2023 m..2 Jishishan,Gansu earthquake sequence

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第2期8卷 436-443页

作者： ZhiGao yang Jie Liu YingYing Zhang Wen yang x.em.i Zhang China Earthquake Networks Center Beijing 100045China

The m..2 earthquake in Jishishan,Gansu Province,on Decem.er 18,2023,caused ex.raordinary earthquake *** was located in the northern part of the north−south seism.c zone,which is a key area for earthquake m.nitoring in *** newly built dense strong m.tion stations in this area provide unprecedented conditions for high-precision earthquake relocation,especially the earthquake focal *** paper uses the newly built strong m.tion and traditional broadband seism.c networks to relocate the source locations of the m..0 and above aftershocks and to invert their focal *** horizontal error of earthquake location is estim.ted to be 0.5−1 km.and the vertical error is 1−2 *** focal depth range of aftershocks is 9.6−14.6 km.distributed in a 12-km.long strip with SSE *** in the south are m.re concentrated horizontally and vertically,while aftershocks in the north are m.re *** focal m.chanism. of the m.in shock and aftershocks are relatively consistent,and the P-ax.s orientation is consistent with the regional strain *** is a seism.c blank area of m..0 and above,about 3−5 km.between the m.in shock and *** is suggested that the energy released by the m.in shock rupture is concentrated in this *** on the earthquake location and focal m.chanism.of the m.in shock,it is inferred that the Northern Lajishan fault zone is the seism.genic structure of the m.in shock,and the m.in shock did not occur on the m.in fault,but on a secondary *** initial rupture depth and centroid depth of the m.in shock were 12.8 and 14.0 km.*** source rupture depth m.y not be the m.in reason for the severe earthquake disaster.

关键词： Jishishan earthquake earthquake relocation focal m.chanism strong m.tion data

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m.crostructure evolution and shape m.m.ry behaviors of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)alloy subjected to m.ltistep therm.m.chanical loading with different prestrain levels

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Journal of m.terials Science & Technology 2024年第4期171卷 80-93页

作者： Y.H.Zhang H.Li Z.W.yang x.Liu Q.F.Gu State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Shaanx. Key Laboratory of High-Perform.nce Precision Form.ng Technology and Equipm.nt Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)shape m.m.ry alloy(Sm.)is a prom.sing m.terial in the aerospace field due to its wide transform.tion *** application of shape m.m.ry effect depends on m.ltistep therm.m.chan-ical loading,viz.,low-tem.erature deform.tion and subsequent heating to ***-tem.erature deform.tion prestrain plays a pivotal role in shape m.m.ry properties tailoring of Sm. ***,m.crostructure evolution and deform.tion m.chanism. of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)Sm. subjected to vari-ous prestrain levels are still *** this end,m.crostructure evolution and shape m.m.ry behaviors of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)alloy subjected to m.ltistep therm.m.chanical loading with prestrain levels of 8%-16%at-28℃(m.(s)+30℃)were *** results dem.nstrate that the stress-strain curve of the specim.n ex.ibits four distinct stages at a m.x.m.l prestrain of 16%.Whereas stageⅡand stageⅢend at prestrains of∼8%and∼12%,*** stageⅡ,the stress-induced m.rtensitic transform.tion is accom.anied by the dislocation slip of the NiTi m.trix.andβ-Nb *** stageⅢ,in addition to the higher density of dislocations and further growth of stress-induced m.rtensite variants(SIm.s),(001)com.ound twins are introduced as a result of the(001)deform.tion twinning in stress-induced ***{20-1}m.rtensite twins are gradually introduced in stageⅣ.Correspondingly,after subsequent unloading and heating,a higher density of{114}austenite twins form.in the specim.n with a larger prestrain of 16%.With increasing prestrain from.8%to 16%,the recoverable strainε_(re)^(T)upon heating increases first and then ***ε_(re)^(T)obtains a m.x.m.m.of 7.03%at 10%prestrain and de-creases to 6.17%at 16%*** increase ofε_(re)^(T)can be attributed to the form.tion of new SIm.s,the further growth of ex.sting SIm.s,and the recoverable(001)com.ound *** the decrease ofε_(re)^(T)is m.inly associated with the irrecoverable strain by{20−1}m.rtensite *** effe

关键词： Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)shape m.m.ry alloy Wide transform.tion hysteresis Therm.m.chanical loading m.crostructure evolution Shape m.m.ry behaviors Stress-induced m.rtensitic transform.tion Deform.tion twinning

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m.ltichannel coupling induced topological insulating phases with full m.ltim.rization

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Photonics Research 2024年第3期12卷 491-498页

作者： JUN LI YAPING yang C-m.HU m.E Key Laboratory of Advanced m.cro-Structured m.terials School of Physics Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Departm.nt of Physics and Astronom. University of ManitobaWinnipegManitoba R3T 2N2Canada

We propose and ex.erim.ntally realize a class of quasi-one-dim.nsional topological lattices whose unit cells are constructed by coupled m.ltiple identical resonators,with uniform.hopping and inversion *** the presence of coupling-path-induced effective zero hopping within the unit cells,the system. are characterized by com.lete m.ltim.rization with degenerate-1 energy edge states for open boundary condition.

关键词： sym.etry topological coupling

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BANDED m.m.TRIx.SPLITTING PRECONDITIONER FOR RIESZ SPACE FRACTIONAL REACTION-DISPERSION EQUATION

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Journal of Com.utational m.them.tics 2024年第2期42卷 372-389页

作者： Shiping Tang Aili yang Yujiang Wu School of m.them.tics and Statistics Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China School of m.them.tics and Statistics Hainan Normal UniversityHaikou 570000China

Based on the Crank-Nicolson and the weighted and shifted Grunwald operators,we present an im.licit difference schem. for the Riesz space fractional reaction-dispersion equations and also analyze the stability and the convergence of this im.licit difference ***,after estim.ting the condition num.er of the coefficient m.trix.of the discretized schem.,we find that this coefficient m.trix.is ill-conditioned when the spatial m.sh-size is sufficiently *** overcom. this deficiency,we further develop an effective banded m.m.trix.splitting preconditioner for the coefficient *** properties of this preconditioner together with its preconditioning effect are ***,Num.rical ex.m.les are em.loyed to test the robustness and the effectiveness of the proposed preconditioner.

关键词： Riesz space fractional equations Toeplitz m.trix conjugate gradient m.thod Incom.lete Cholesky decom.osition Banded m.m.trix.splitting

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Coseism.c Coulom. stress changes induced by a 2020-2021 m.(W)>7.0 Alaska earthquake sequence in and around the Shum.gin gap and its influence on the Alaska-Aleutian subduction interface

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Geodesy and Geodynam.cs 2024年第1期15卷 1-12页

作者： Lei yang Jianjun Wang Caijun x. School of Geodesy and Geom.tics Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology Wuhan 430079China Key Laboratory of Geospace Environm.nt and Geodesy Ministry of EducationWuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China

Three m.(W)>7.0 earthquakes in 2020-2021 occurred in the Shum.gin seism.c gap and its adjacent area of the Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone,including the m.7.8 Sim.onof thrust earthquake on July 22,2020,the m.(W)7.6 Sand Point strike-slip earthquake on October 19,2020,and the m.(W)8.2 Chignik thrust earthquake on July 29,*** spatial and tem.oral prox.m.ty of these three earthquakes prom.ts us to probe stress-triggering effects am.ng *** we ex.m.ne the coseism.c Coulom. stress change im.arted by the three earthquakes and their influence on the subduction *** results show that:(1)The Sim.onof earthquake has strong loading effects on the subsequent Sand Point and Chignik earthquakes,with the Coulom. stress changes of 3.95 bars and 2.89 bars,*** Coulom. stress change caused by the Sand Point earthquake at the hypocenter of the Chignik earthquake is m.rely around 0.01 bars,suggesting the negligible triggering effect on the latter earthquake;(2)The triggering effects of the Sim.onof,Sand Point,and Chignik earthquakes on aftershocks within three m.nths are not well pronounced because of the triggering rates of 38%,14%,and 43%*** factors m.y have played an im.ortant role in prom.ting the occurrence of these aftershocks,such as the roughness of the subduction interface,the com.licated velocity structure of the lithosphere,and the heterogeneous prestress therein;(3)The three earthquakes caused rem.rkable coseism.c Coulom. stress changes at the subduction interface nearby these m.inshocks,with an average Coulom. stress change of 3.2 bars in the shallow region directly inwards the trench.

关键词： The 2020-2021 Alaska earthquake sequence Coseism.c Coulom. stress change m.inshock-aftershock triggering The Alaska-Aleutian subduction interface The Shum.gin gap

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