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Indoor and outdoor BTx.levels in Barcelona City metropolitan area and Catalan rural areas

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第9期20卷 1063-1069页

作者： E. Gallego F. x. Roca x. guardino M. G. Rosell Environmental Centre Laboratory Polytechnic University of Catalonia (LCMA-UPC) National Centre of Work Conditions (INSHT)

Five aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, and three isomeric x.lenes) were monitored in indoor and outdoor air of 7 public buildings and 54 private homes, located in Barcelona City metropolitan area and in several rural areas of Catalonia. The sampling was carried out over four periods: spring-summer and winter of 2000, and summer and winter of 2001. Passive ORSA 5 Dra¨ger samplers were used for benzene, toluene, and x.lenes (BTx. adsorption. BTx.were ex.racted with carbon disulphide and analysed using ...

关键词： benzene toluene and x.lenes (BTx. indoor air outdoor air

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Determining indoor air quality and identifying the origin of odour episodes in indoor environments

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第3期21卷 333-339页

作者： Eva Gallego x.vier Roca Jose Francisco Perales x.vier guardino Environmental Centre Laboratory Polytechnic University of Catalonia (LCMA-UPC) Avda Diagonal 647 E 08028 Barcelona Spain National Centre of Work Conditions (INSHT) Dulcet 2-10 E 08034 Barcelona Spain

A methodology for identifying volatile organic compounds （VOCs） and determining air quality of indoor air has been developed. The air samples are collected using pump samplers by the inhabitants when they perceive odorous and/or discomfort episodes. Glass multi-sorbent tubes are connected to the pump samplers for the retention of VOC. The analysis is performed by automatic thermal desorption （ATD） coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC/MS）. This methodology can be applied in cases of sick building syndrome （SBS） evaluation, in which building occupants ex.erience a series of varied symptoms that appear to be linked to time spent in the building. Chemical pollutants concentrations （e.g., VOC） have been described to contribute to SBS. To ex.mplify the methodology, a qualitative determination and an evaluation of ex.sting VOC were performed in a dwelling where the occupants ex.erienced the SBS symptoms. Higher total VOC （TVOC） levels were detected during episodes in indoor air （1.33 ±1.53 mg/m^3） compared to outdoor air （0.71± 0.46 mg/m^3）. The concentrations of individual VOCs, such as ethanol, acetone, isopropanol, 1-butanol, acetic acid, acetonitrile and 1-methox.-2-propanol, were also higher than the ex.ected for a standard dwelling. The ex.ernal source of VOC was found to be an undeclared activity of storage and manipulation of solvents located at the bottom of a contiguous building.

关键词： indoor air thermal desorption TVOC VOC sick building syndrome

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对未治疗或行Heller肌切除术失败的失弛缓症患者行气囊扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（胃肠病学分册） 2005年第4期1卷 48-49页

作者： guardino J.M. Vela M.F. Connor J.T. Richter J.E. 杨瑗 Department of Medicine 3401 N. Broad St. Philadelphia PA 19140 United StatesDr.

Background: Laparoscopic Heller myotomy (HM) has become an increasingly preferred modality to treat achalasia. However, the treatment course after a failed myotomy is controversial with fears that pneumatic dilation (PD) has high perforation risk. Goal: To compare success and safety of graded PD with Rigiflex.balloons in achalasia patients without a prior HM (untreated cases) and those with a failed HM. Study: A total of 108 patients were retrospectively evaluated: 96 untre ated cases (53 male, 43 female, mean age 51 years) and 12 failed HM (7 male, 5 female, mean age 54 years). Symptoms (dysphagia and regurgitation) and physiologic studies, lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) and timed barium swallow, assessed pre-and post-PD. Success was defined as: 1) symptom improvement to ≤ 2 to 4 times per week, and 2) ≥80%decrease in 5-minute barium column height from initial timed barium swallow. Results: A total of 139 PDs performed (117 unt reated cases, 22 failed HM): 2 perforations in untreated cases and none in faile d HM group. Baseline demographics were similar, but failed HM patients had signi ficantly lower LESP and timed barium swallow columns. Despite less LES resistance, failed HM group (symptom and physiologic success: 50%and 10%) did not do as well after PD as compared with untreated cases (symptom and physiologic success : 74%and 52%, respectively). Five failed HM patients had good symptom relief a fter PD compared with poor responders these patients were older (>50 years) and had LESP >17 mm Hg. Conclusions: PD perforation risk is not higher after HM. Des pite lower LES pressure, patients undergoing PD after failed HM do not do as well as untreated cases. Factors predicting better outcome include older age and higher LES pressure.

关键词：贲门失弛缓症扩张术 Heller 切除术食管下括约肌腔镜吞咽困难统计学特征柱高度次同步

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