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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S1期18卷 233-237页

作者： Muszka Krzysztof wynne bradley p palmiere Eric J Institute for Microstructural and Mechanical process Engineering The University of SheffieldMappin StreetSheffield S1 3JDUK

The effects of large strain and strain path reversal on the deformation microstructure evolution in austenite below the recrystallisation temperature were studied by hot torsion using a non-transforming Fe-30wt%Ni model austenitic *** show that the high angle boundaries (HABs) can be generated by both microstructure mechanism through dislocation accumulation and texture mechanism via subgrain ***,multiple strain path reversals lead to less well-developed HABs in the original grains compared to single reversal deformed to the same amount of total accumulative *** effect is attributed to the subgrain rotation mechanism being less effective at small *** comparison,the same hot torsion tests were conducted using a microalloyed steel at a temperature between Ae 3 and Ar *** single strain path reversal,substantial deformation-induced austenite-to-ferrite phase transformation was ***,a test with multiple strain path reversals but with the same total strain produces much lower levels of strain-induced ferrite *** difference is correlated to the observations made in the Fe-30wt%Ni model *** is believed that the different amount of strain-induced ferrite originated from the different levels of strain-induced HABs within the austenite which act as ferrite nucleation sites.

关键词： strain induced transformation ultra fine ferrite dislocation boundaries EBSD

Influence of previous plane of nutrition on molecular mechanisms regulating the expression of urea and water metabolism related genes in the rumen and kidney of finishing crossbred Angus steers

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 232-243页

作者： Aghata E.Moreira da Silva Arturo Macias Franco bradley S.Ferguson Mozart A.Fonseca College of Agriculture Biotechnology&Natural Resources University of Nevada Department of Animal and Range Sciences Clayton Livestock Research Center New Mexico State University

This study aimed to understand how molecular mechanisms controlling water and urea metabolism at the finishing phase can be affected by previous plane of nutrition of crossbred Angus beef steers. Twentyfour(n = 24) animals were randomly distributed into either a moderate(Mp) or high plane of nutrition during the background phase for 85 d. Animals were then blocked by their previous plane and were moved onto a 105-d finishing phase in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The forage-finished group received only high-quality alfalfa hay, whereas the grain-fed group received a high grain diet(80% whole corn and20% alfalfa hay). By the end of the finishing phase, animals were harvested and tissue samples from the rumen and kidney were collected. Changes in gene expression of aquaporins(AQp)-2,-3,-4,-7, ATp1A1,ATp1B1, SGK1, CLIC1(kidney and rumen), UT-A1(kidney only) and UT-B(rumen only), were assayed via real-time q pCR; 18S r RNA was used as an endogenous control. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc analysis was conducted. When animals were from Mp, forage-finishing increased the relative abundance of AQp3(p ≤ 0.05), AQp7(p ≤ 0.05), ATp1B1(p ≤ 0.05), and SGK1(p ≤ 0.05) in the kidney when compared to grain-fed animals. In the rumen, for the Mp group, AQp7 was differentially expressed in both treatments at the finishing phase(p ≤ 0.01), with forage-finished steers having the highest expression of AQp7. For the Mp group, UT-B had a tendency of presenting a higher expression on grainfed animals(p = 0.075). Overall, these results suggest that previous plane can impact expression of genes associated with water and urea metabolism during the finishing phase, namely AQp3, AQp7, ATp1B1, and SGK1 in the kidney, and AQp7 and UT-B in the rumen. The greatest impact observed on gene expression changes of investigated genes at the finishing phase was reflective of animals backgrounded on the moderate previous plane.

关键词： Gene expression Aquaporin Sodium channel Urea transporter

Spreadability of powders for additive manufacturing:A critical review of metrics and characterisation methods

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particuology 2024年第10期93卷 211-234页

作者： Fatemeh A.Talebi Zobaideh Haydari Hamid Salehi Mozhdeh Mehrabi Jabbar Gardy Mike bradley Andrew E.Bayly Ali Hassanpour School of Chemical and process Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK School of Engineering University of GreenwichGreenwichME44TBUK Cormica Limited Listerhills Science ParkCampus RoadBradfordBD71HRUK

powder bed fusion methods of additive manufacturing (AM) require consistent, reproducible, and uniform layers of powder for the reliable production of high-quality parts, where properties of powder are central to achieving this. Among these properties, powder flowability and spreadability play critical roles in determining the quality of these powder *** extensive research has been conducted on powder flow and spreading behaviour, and on their characterisation, there is little critical comparison and review of these terms in the context of AM. Such a review is necessary to further develop and enhance our comprehension of spreading dynamics and its relation to powder properties in AM *** review paper aims to build a coherent understanding of the correlation between powder characteristics and spreading in powder based additive manufacturing and its impact on manufactured parts. It highlights the current progress in comprehending spreading dynamics, the influence of powder characteristics, environmental conditions, spreading system, and the development of testing tools to assess powder spreadability. Furthermore, the paper critically discusses the challenge of finding appropriate quantitative metrics and recent advances in the use of standardised methods for evaluating powder spreadability.

关键词： powder spreading powder flowability powder properties Quality of layer and final products

Variant selection in stationary shoulder friction stir welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2018年第1期34卷 198-208页

作者： Xiaoqing Jiang bradley p.wynne Jonathan Martin Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Automotive Structural parts Ministry of Education College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology Beijing University of Technology Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of Sheffield The Welding Institute Granta Park

Stationary shoulder friction stir welding of Ti-6Al-4V of 7 mm thickness was conducted with varying welding speeds and rotation speeds. Variant selection analysis was carried out based on the inherited α phase texture and the reconstructed 13 phase texture. The weld surfaces became significantly smoother with increasing welding speed and decreasing rotation speed. Heat input decreased greatly with increased welding speed and it decreased slightly with decreased rotation speed. The orientation relationship between the prior 13 grains was measured based on the reconstructed electron backscattered diffraction （EBSD） data. Weak Variant selection has occurred in all the welds because most of the prior 13 grains did not share { 110} poles. Strong links between crystal orientation of the prior 13 grains and hardness have been found.

关键词： Stationary shoulder friction stir welding Texture Variant selection Hardness

Integrated vision-based system for efficient,semi-automated control of a robotic manipulator

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2014年第3期7卷 253-266页

作者： Hairong Jiang Juan p.Wachs bradley S.Duerstock School of Industrial Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering School of Industrial EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA

purpose–The purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated,computer vision-based system to operate a commercial wheelchair-mounted robotic manipulator(WMRM).In addition,a gesture recognition interface system was developed specially for individuals with upper-level spinal cord injuries including object tracking and face recognition to function as an efficient,hands-free WMRM ***/methodology/approach–Two Kinects cameras were used synergistically to perform a variety of simple object retrieval *** camera was used to interpret the hand gestures and locate the operator’s face for object positioning,and then send those as commands to control the *** other sensor was used to automatically recognize different daily living objects selected by the *** object recognition module employing the Speeded Up Robust Features algorithm was implemented and recognition results were sent as a commands for“coarse positioning”of the robotic arm near the selected *** face detection was provided as a shortcut enabling the positing of the objects close by the subject’s ***–The gesture recognition interface incorporated hand detection,tracking and recognition algorithms,and yielded a recognition accuracy of 97.5 percent for an eight-gesture ***’completion time were conducted to compare manual(gestures only)and semi-manual(gestures,automatic face detection,and object recognition)WMRM control *** use of automatic face and object detection significantly reduced the completion times for retrieving a variety of daily living ***/value–Integration of three computer vision modules were used to construct an effective and hand-free interface for individuals with upper-limb mobility impairments to control a WMRM.

关键词： Gesture recognition Object recognition Spinal cord injuries Wheelchair-mounted robotic arm

Signaling pathways in osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis:Lessons from cranial sutures and applications to regenerative medicine

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Genes & Diseases 2015年第1期2卷 57-68页

作者： Justin B.Maxhimer James p.bradley Justine C.Lee Division of plastic and Reconstructive Surgery UCLA David Geffen School of MedicineCAUSA Division of plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Temple University/St.Christopher’s Hospital for ChildrenPAUSA Division of plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare SystemUSA

One of the simplest models for examining the interplay between bone formation and resorption is the junction between the cranial *** only roughly a quarter of patients diagnosed with craniosynostosis have been linked to known genetic disturbances,the molecular mechanisms elucidated from these studies have provided basic knowledge of bone *** work has translated to methods and advances in bone tissue *** this review,we examine the current knowledge of cranial suture biology derived from human craniosynostosis syndromes and discuss its application to regenerative medicine.

关键词： Craniosynostosis OpG Osteoclast RANK RANKL Tissue engineering Osteogenesis Signaling

Improved hemostasis with major hepatic resection in the current surgical era

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Hepatobiliary & pancreatic Diseases International 2019年第5期18卷 439-445页

作者： Christopher W Mangieri Matthew A Strode bradley C Bandera Department of Surgery Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center(DDEAMC)Fort GordonGA 30809USA Department of Surgical Oncology Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNY 14203USA

Background: Major hepatic resection, predominantly performed for oncologic intent, is a complex procedure with the potential for severe intraoperative hemorrhage. The current surgical era has the ability to improve hemostasis throughout the performance of major hepatic resections which decreases blood transfusions and the detrimental effects associated with transfusion. We evaluated hemostasis and outcomes in the current surgical era of performing hepatic resections. Methods: Utilizing the American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement program (NSQIp) database all major hepatic resections performed between 2012 and 2016 were analyzed in regards to hemostasis. Hemostasis was evaluated by the need for and magnitude of blood transfusions. Additional perioperative variables (including operative time, length of hospital stay, and mortality rates) were analyzed to assess for outcomes with hemostasis. The NSQIp results were compared to previous publications involving major hepatic resections to detect improvement in hemostasis and outcomes in the current surgical era. Results: A total of 22777 major hepatic resections met the inclusion criteria for analysis in the NSQIp database. An additional 21198 cases were compiled within the selected publications for comparative analysis. The transfusion rate in the current surgical era was 13.3% versus 38.7% in the previous era ( p = 0.0001). When a transfusion was required in the current surgical era there was a two-fold reduction in the number of units transfused (1.5 U vs. 3.8 U, p = 0.0001). Statistically significant improvements in operative time and length of hospital stay were presented within the current surgical era ( p = 0.0001). When a transfusion was required there was an increased relative risk score of 7 for mortality (4.9% vs. 0.7%, p = 0.0001), however, improvement in mortality rates did not reach statistical significance across surgical eras (1.3% vs. 4.0%, p = 0.0001). Conclusions: The cond

关键词： Major hepatic resection Improved hemostasis Improved outcomes

Cropping pattern Modifications Change Water Resource Demands in the Beijing Metropolitan Area

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第11期11卷 1914-1923页

作者： HUANG Jing bradley G Ridoutt XU Chang-chun ZHANGHai-lin CHEN Fu College of Agriculture and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 P.R. China Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Sustainable Agriculture Flagship Victoria 3169 Australia

Adequate freshwater supply has become an issue of increasing local and international concern. Reducing water use in agriculture, which is the largest water using sector of the economy, is both important and urgent. The aim of this paper was to quantify how recent cropping pattern changes have influenced water resources in the great Beijing metropolitan area, an expanding megacity which also includes rural counties. Crop production affects blue water use through water consumption and water pollution, the latter assessed here using a critical dilution method. From 1990 to 2010, the total blue water used by crop production declined due to a decrease in overall cropped area, initially in response to local government policies favouring urban development. However, the average blue water use per hectare increased from 2 112 m3 ha-~ yr-~ in 1990 to 2 764 m3 ha-1 yr-1 in 2003, largely as the result of a transition from cereal to vegetable crops, and in particular an increase in intensively managed plastic and glass covered vegetable production systems. Current policies aim to conserve agricultural land, in the interests of food security, and to stimulate cereal production systems with higher ecosystem services provision. As such, in 2010 the average blue water use was 2 425 m3 ha-~ yr-l. These results demonstrate that cropping pattern changes in peri-urban regions and rural communities surrounding the Beijing metropolitan area can have a substantial impact on water resources. They also highlight the tradeoffs between food production and urban and industrial water supply and the need for integrated policy development.

关键词： blue water use water consumption water pollution cropping pattern adjustment peri-urban food production

Therapeutic effect of methane and its mechanism in disease treatment

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2020年第8期21卷 593-602页

作者： Zhou-heng YE Ke NING bradley p.ANDER Xue-jun SUN Department of Aviation and Diving Medicine the Sixth Medical CenterGeneral Hospital of People’s Liberation ArmyBeijing 100048China Department of Navy Aviation Medicine Faculty of Naval Medicinethe Naval Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China Department of Neurology University of California at DavisSacramentoCaliforniaUSA

Methane is the simplest hydrocarbon,consisting of one carbon atom and four hydrogen *** is abundant in marsh gas,livestock rumination,and combustible *** is known about the use of methane in human disease *** research indicates that methane is useful for treating several diseases including ischemia and reperfusion injury,and inflammatory *** mechanisms underlying the protective effects of methane appear primarily to involve anti-oxidation,anti-inflammation,and *** this review,we describe the beneficial effects of methane on different diseases,summarize possible mechanisms by which methane may act in these conditions,and discuss the purpose of methane production in hypoxic *** we propose several promising directions for the future research.

关键词： Methane treatment Ischemia and reperfusion injury Inflammation Methanogenesis

Glucosamine supplementation during late gestation alters placental development and increases litter size

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第1期9卷 135-144页

作者： Jeffrey L.Vallet Jeremy R.Miles bradley A.Freking Shane Meyer USDA ARS U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARQ P.O. Box 166 Clay Center NE Nebraska 68933 USA plymouth Ag Group Diller NE Nebraska 68342 USA

Background： During late gestation the placental epithelial interface becomes highly folded, which involves changes in stromal hyaluronan. Hyaluronan is composed of glucoronate and N-acetyl-glucosamine. We hypothesized that supplementing gestating dams with glucosamine during this time would support placental folded-epithelial-bilayer development and increase litter size. In Exp. 1, gilts were unilaterally hysterectomizedovariectomized（UHO）. UHO gilts were mated and then supplemented daily with 10 g glucosamine（n = 16） or glucose（control, n = 17） from d 85 of gestation until slaughter（d 105）. At slaughter, the number of live fetuses was recorded and each live fetus and its placenta was weighed. Uterine wall samples adjacent to the largest and smallest fetuses within each litter were processed for histology. In Exp. 2, pregnant sows in a commercial sow farm were supplemented with either 10 g glucosamine or glucose daily from d 85 of gestation to farrowing. Total piglets born and born alive were recorded for each litter. In Exp. 3, the same commercial farm and same protocol were used except that the dose of glucosamine and glucose was doubled to 20 g/***： In Exp. 1, the number of live fetuses tended to be greater in glucosamine-treated UHO gilts（p = 0.098）.placental morphometry indicated that the width of the folded bilayer was greater（p = 0.05） in glucosamine-treated gilts. In Exp. 2, litter size did not differ between glucosamine-and glucose-treated sows. However in Exp. 3, the increased dose of glucosamine resulted in a significant treatment by parity interaction（p ≤ 0.01）, in which total piglets born and born alive were greater in glucosamine treated sows of later parity（5 and 6）.Conclusions： These results indicated that glucosamine supplementation increased the width of the folds of the placental bilayer and increased litter size in later parity, intact pregnant commercial sows.

关键词： Fructose Glucosamine Hyaluronan Swine Uterine capacity