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DLP:towards active defense against backdoor attacks with decoupled learning process

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Cybersecurity 2024年第1期7卷 122-134页

作者： Zonghao Ying Bin wu State Key Laboratory of Information Security Institute of Information EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina School of Cyber Security University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Deep learning models are well known to be susceptible to backdoor attack,where the attacker only needs to provide a tampered dataset on which the triggers are *** trained on the dataset will passively implant the backdoor,and triggers on the input can mislead the models during *** study shows that the model shows different learning behaviors in clean and poisoned subsets during *** on this observation,we propose a general training pipeline to defend against backdoor attacks *** models can be trained from the unreli-able dataset by decoupling the learning process into three stages,i.e.,supervised learning,active unlearning,and active semi-supervised *** effectiveness of our approach has been shown in numerous experiments across various backdoor attacks and datasets.

关键词： Deep learning Backdoor attack Active defense

Applications of artificial intelligence to lipid nanoparticle delivery

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Particuology 2024年第7期90卷 88-97页

作者： Ye Yuan Yuqi wu Jiabei Cheng Kaiyuan Yang Yilin Xia Hongguang wu Xiaoyong Pan Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityKey Laboratory of System Control and Information ProcessingMinistry of Education of ChinaChina Songjiang Research Institute Songjiang District Central HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina

Lipid nanoparticles(LNPs)are nanocarriers composed of four lipid components and can be used for gene therapy,protein replacement,and vaccine ***,LNPs also face several challenges,such as toxicity,immune activation,and low delivery *** overcome these challenges,artificial intelligence can be used to optimize the design and formulation of LNPs,as well as to predict their properties and ***,antibody-targeted conjugation can be used to enhance the specificity and selectivity of LNPs by attaching an antibody that recognizes a specific antigen on the cell surface to LNPs.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Lipid nanoparticles Antibody Targeted conjugation

Space-time estimates of the 3D bipolar compressible Navier-Stokes-Poisson system with unequal viscosities

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第5期67卷 1059-1084页

作者： Zhigang wu Weike Wang Department of Mathematics Donghua UniversityShanghai 201620China School of Mathematical Sciences Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Modern Analysis(CMA-Shanghai) Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

The space-time behavior for the Cauchy problem of the 3D compressible bipolar Navier-Stokes-Poisson(BNSP)system with unequal viscosities is *** space-time estimate of the electric field▽φ=▽(-△)^(-1)(n-Zρ)is the most important in deducing generalized Huygens’principle for the BNSP system and it requires proving that the space-time estimate of n-Zρonly contains the diffusion wave due to the singularity of the operator▽(-△)^(-1).A suitable linear combination of unknowns reformulating the original system into two small subsystems for the special case(with equal viscosities)in wu and Wang(2017)is crucial for both linear analysis and nonlinear estimates,especially for the space-time estimate of▽φ.However,the benefits from this reformulation will no longer exist in general ***,we study an 8×8 Green’s matrix *** importantly,each entry in Green’s matrix contains wave operators in the low-frequency part,which will generally produce Huygens’wave;as a result,one cannot achieve the space-time estimate of n-Zρthat only contains the diffusion wave as *** overcome this difficulty by taking a more detailed spectral analysis and developing new estimates arising from subtle cancellations in Green’s function.

关键词： Green's function bipolar Navier-Stokes-Poisson system unequal viscosities

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L vector spaces and L fields

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第10期67卷 2195-2216页

作者： Yinhe Peng Liuzhen wu Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences

We construct in ZFC(the Zermelo-Fraenkel system with choice) an L topological vector space—a topological vector space that is an L space—and an L field—a topological field that is an L space. This generalizes earli... 详细信息

关键词： minimal walk topological vector space topological field L space L vector space L field

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A level line of the Gaussian free field with measure-valued boundary conditions

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第2期67卷 367-404页

作者： Titus Lupu Hao wu Laboratoire de Probabilités Statistique et ModélisationSorbonne Universitéand UniversitéParis CitéCNRSParis F-75005France Yau Mathematical Sciences Center Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

In this article, we construct samples of Schramm-Loewner-evolution-like curves out of samples ofthe conformal loop ensemble and Poisson point processes of Brownian excursions. We show that the laws of thesecurves depend continuously on the intensity measure of the Brownian excursions. Using such a construction ofcurves, we extend the notion of level lines of the Gaussian free field to the case where the boundary conditionis measure-valued.

关键词： Schramm-Loewner evolution conformal loop ensemble Brownian excursion Gaussian free field

“If I Do not Go to Work, They Will Die!” Dual Roles of Older-Adult Personal Support Workers' Contributions During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第2期15卷 226-238页

作者： Haorui wu Mandy Yung School of Social Work Faculty of HealthDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNS B3H 4R2Canada

When COVID-19 devastated older-adult organizations(long-term care homes and retirement homes), most public attention was directed toward the older-adult residents rather than their service providers. This was especially true in the case of personal support workers, some of whom are over the age of 55, putting them in two separate categories in the COVID-19 settings:(1) a vulnerable and marginalized group who are disproportionately impacted by COVID-19;and(2) essential healthcare workers. Since the current disaster-driven research, practice, and policy have primarily focused on generalized assumptions that older-adults are a vulnerable, passive, and dependent group rather than recognizing their diversity, expertise, assets, and experiences, this study aimed to identify their contributions from the perspective of older-adult personal support worker(OAPSW). This qualitative study conducted in-depth interviews, inviting 15 OAPSWs from the Greater Toronto Area, Canada. This study uncovered the OAPSWs' contribution at three levels: individual(enhancing physical health, mental health, and overall well-being), work(improving working environment and service and supporting co-workers), and family(protecting their nuclear and extended families). The outcomes inform the older-adult research, practice, policy, public discourse, and education by enhancing the appreciation of older-adults' diverse strengths and promoting their engagement and contributions in disaster settings.

关键词： Canada COVID-19 Individual-work-family triangulation Older-adult personal support workers

Safety-Critical Trajectory Tracking for Mobile Robots With Guaranteed Performance

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第9期11卷 2033-2035页

作者： Wentao wu Di wu Yibo Zhang Shukang Chen Weidong Zhang Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Information and Communication Engineering Hainan UniversityHaikou 570288China

Dear Editor,This letter considers a collision-free trajectory tracking problem for performance-guaranteed mobile robots(MRs)subject to *** propose a safety-critical performance-guaranteed trajectory tracking method based on control barrier functions(CBFs).First,an auxiliary system is established to generate the non-negative signals for inflexible bounds such that the performance constraints are not violated when avoiding obstacles.

关键词： constraints bounds collision

Effects of herbicide butachlor application on the growth of periphytic biofilms and nitrogen loss in paddy systems

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 211-221页

作者： Yanhui ZHAO Mingjun LEI Liandong JING Fan XIA Meixia YAN Jiantong LIU Yonghong wu Yunli wu Chenxi wu Ecology and Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center Yangtze Basin Ecology and Environment AdministrationMinistry of Ecological and EnvironmentWuhan 430010China College of Chemistry and Environmental Protection Engineering Southwest Minzu UniversityChengdu 610041China State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

The application of butachlor as an herbicide in paddy fields is widely practiced,aiming to increase rice yield by directly or indirectly influencing the paddy *** biofilms,which form at the soil-water interface in paddy fields,are complex bioaggregates that play an important role in nitrogen (N) *** objective of this study was to investigate the effect of butachlor on periphytic biofilm growth and N cycling under both light and dark conditions in the *** results revealed that butachlor application hindered the growth of periphytic biofilms and led to the dominance of Cyanobacteria as the primary prokaryotes,while inhibiting the development of eukaryotic ***,the application of butachlor reduced the richness and diversity of prokaryotes,but increased those of eukaryotes in periphytic *** light treatments exhibited higher total N loss because light favored periphytic biofilm growth and enhanced ammonium (NH_(4)^(+)) assimilation and ***,butachlor application resulted in the increased retention of NH_(4)^(+)-N and nitrate (NO_(3)^(-))-N and an increase in N loss via *** abundances of functional genes encoding enzymes such as ammonia monooxygenase,nitrite reductase,and nitrous oxide reductase were increased by butachlor application,favoring nitrification and denitrification ***,the results suggest that butachlor application leads to an increase in total N loss mainly through denitrification in paddy systems,particularly in the presence of periphytic ***,the results may provide valuable insights into the changes in periphytic biofilm growth and N cycling induced by butachlor,and future studies can further explore the potential implications of these changes in paddy soils.

关键词： ammonia-oxidizing bacteria amoA denitrification denitrifying bacteria nirK nitrification nitrogen cycling nosZ volatilization

Comparative study of the effects of Tartary buckwheat seed and sprout consumption on the physiological indices and gut microbiota of C57BL/6J mice

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第2期13卷 791-800页

作者： Guohui Nan Haixia Zhao Qiong wu Lisong Liu Zichao Guan Chenglei Li Huala wu Dabing Xiang Qi wu College of Life Science Sichuan Agricultural UniversityYa'an 625014China Faculty of Quality Management and Inspection&Quarantine Yibin UniversityYibin 644000China College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering Chengdu UniversityChengdu 610106China

Tartary buckwheat(Fagopyrum tataricum)is a well-known pseudocereal for its health and economic ***,abundant antinutritional factors(ANFs)reduces its health *** reported,germination can improve the nutritional profile of *** this study,we systematically evaluate the safety of Tartary buckwheat seeds(TB)and Tartary buckwheat sprouts(TBS)used as high active *** evaluating nutrition levels,bioactive compounds and ANFs in TBS during germinating,5^(th)-day TBS were selected as the raw material.C57BL/6J mice were gavaged daily with distilled water,TB,or TBS for 6 *** physiological indices related to ANFs were *** showed that the TB intake tends to generate negative effects on the gut microbiota,and ***,upon TB intake,the Fe^(3+)content in serum,trypsin activity in pancreas and jejunum decreased,while the cytokine,IgE,and histamine levels in serum,water content in faeces,cytokine levels in liver and jejunum ***,TBS did not induce any obvious negative effects on the above relevant indices and showed better lipid-lowering ***,TBS are safer and more effective as a raw material to produce the functional food for long-term consumption with the intention of preventing and treating hyperlipidaemia.

关键词： Tartary buckwheat Tartary buckwheat sprouts Antinutritional factors Gut microbiota Health effect