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Nicotinamide overload may play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第45期15卷 5674-5684页

作者： Shi-Sheng Zhou Da Li wu-ping sun Ming Guo Yong-Zhi Lun Yi-Ming Zhou Fu-Cheng Xiao Li-Xin Jing Shen-Xia sun Li-Bin Zhang Ning Luo Fu-Ning Bian Wei Zou Lai-Bin Dong Zhi-Gang Zhao Sheng-Fan Li Xiao-Jie Gong Zeng-Guo Yu Chang-Bin sun Cong-Long Zheng Dong-Ju Jiang Zheng-Ning Li Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Medical College Dalian University Dalian 116622 Liaoning Province China College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering -Dalian University Dalian 116622 Liaoning Province China Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience National Institutes of Natural Sciences Okazaki 444-8787 Japan Department of Physiology Xinxiang Medical College Xinxiang 453003 Henan Province China Department of Life Sciences Liaoning Normal University Dalian 116029 Liaoning Province China - Department of Neurology PLA No. 91 HospitalJiaozuo 454003 Henan Province China Department of Medicine PLA No. 210 Hospital Dalian 116021 Liaoning Province China

AIM： To investigate whether nicotinamide overload plays a role in type 2 diabetes. METHODS： Nicotinamide metabolic patterns of 14 diabetic and 14 non-diabetic subjects were compared using HPLC. Cumulative effects of nicotinamide and N^1-methylnicotinamide on glucose metabolism, plasma HzO2 levels and tissue nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide （NAD） contents of adult Sprague-Dawley rats were observed. The role of human sweat glands and rat skin in nicotinamide metabolism was investigated using sauna and burn injury, respectively. RESULTS： Diabetic subjects had significantly higher plasma N^1-methylnicotinamide levels 5 h after a 100-mg nicotinamide load than the non-diabetic subjects （0.89 ± 0.13 μmol/L vs 0.6 ± 0.13 μmol/L, P 〈 0.001）. Cumulative doses of nicotinamide （2 g/kg） significantly increased rat plasma Nl-methylnicotinamide concentrations associated with severe insulin resistance, which was mimicked by Nl-methy-Inicotinamide. Moreover, cumulative exposure to N^1- methylnicotinamide （2 g/kg） markedly reduced rat muscle and liver NAD contents and erythrocyte NAD/ NADH ratio, and increased plasma H2O2 levels. Decrease in NAD/NADH ratio and increase in H2O2 generation were also observed in human erythrocytes after exposure to N^1-methylnicotinamide in vitro. Sweating eliminated excessive nicotinamide （5.3-fold increase in sweat nicotinamide concentration 1 h after a 100-mg nicotinamide load）. Skin damage or aldehyde oxidase inhibition with tamoxifen or olanzapine, both being notorious for impairing glucose tolerance, delayed N^1- methylnicotinamide clearance. CONCLUSION： These findings suggest that nicotinamide overload, which induced an increase in plasma N^1- methylnicotinamide, associated with oxidative stress and insulin resistance, plays a role in type 2 diabetes.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes Nicotinamide N^1-methyl-nicotinamide Insulin resistance Oxidative stress Liver Sweat glands

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尚贤与禅让:历史还是神话——四重证据视域下禅让传说新考

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陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版） 2016年第5期45卷 18-26页

作者：吴玉萍孙凤娟华东师范大学民俗学研究所上海200241 中山大学社会学与人类学学院广东广州510275

围绕"禅让",学界一直持三种说法,一是顾颉刚的禅让传说源于墨家;二是裘锡圭等人的禅让传说起于夏之前;三是禅让不存在。前人对于禅让的论证主要是通过第一重证据和第二重证据,即传世文献和出土文献,然而随着第四重证据的出现——四千年... 详细信息

围绕"禅让",学界一直持三种说法,一是顾颉刚的禅让传说源于墨家;二是裘锡圭等人的禅让传说起于夏之前;三是禅让不存在。前人对于禅让的论证主要是通过第一重证据和第二重证据,即传世文献和出土文献,然而随着第四重证据的出现——四千年前中原地区相当于王城的考古发现和大量玉石兵器,虞夏商周四代以及玉(石)兵时代得到了证实。于此可看出墨子所提三代圣王说及禅让说当属他神话式的建构,其目的是为了宣扬尚贤思想。

关键词：尚贤禅让虞夏四重证据玉兵器

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Plasmonic tandem heterojunctions enable high-efficiency charge transfer for broad spectrum photocatalytic hydrogen production

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 710-720页

作者： Wenxuan Chen Xiu-Qing Qiao Guo Hui Bojing sun Dongfang Hou Meidi Wang Xueqian wu Tao wu Dong-Sheng Li College of Materials and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials China Three Gorges University Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory College of Chemistry and Materials Science and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Coordination Chemistry Jinan University

Rational engineering of semiconductor photocatalysts for efficient hydrogen production is of great significance but still challenging,primarily due to the limitations in charge transfer ***,a fascinating plasmonic tandem heterojunction with the hc-CdS/Mo2C@C heterostructure is aimfully prepared for effectively promoting the charge separation kinetics of the CdS photocatalyst via the synergistic strategy of phase junction,Schottky junction,and photothermal *** difference in atomic configuration between cubic-CdS （c-CdS） and hexagonal-CdS （h-CdS） leads to effective charge separation through a typical Ⅱ charge transfer mechanism,and plasmonic Schottky junction further extracts the electrons in the hc-CdS phase junction to realize gradient charge ***,the photothermal effect of Mo2C@C helps to expand the light absorption,accelerate charge transfer kinetics,and reduce the hydrogen evolution energy *** carbon layer provides a fast channel for charge transfer and protects the photocatalyst from *** a result,the optimized hc-CMC photocatalyst exhibits a significantly high photocatalytic H2production activity of 28.63 mmol/g/h and apparent quantum efficiency of 61.8%,surpassing most of the reported *** study provides a feasible strategy to enhance the charge transfer kinetics and photocatalytic activity of CdS by constructing plasmonic tandem heterogeneous junctions.

关键词： Heterojunctions LSPR Photocatalyst Phase junction Schottky junction Photothermal effect

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Depression mechanism of sulfite ions on sphalerite and Pb^(2+)activated sphalerite in the flotation separation of galena from sphalerite

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第2期32卷 335-345页

作者： Feng Zhang Chenyang Zhang Linlin wu Wei sun Hongliang Zhang Jianhua Chen Yong Pei Songjiang Li Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Carbon Emission Reduction in Metal Resource Exploitation and Utilization Hunan International Joint Research Center for Efficient and Clean Utilization of Critical Metal Mineral ResourcesSchool of Minerals Processing and BioengineeringCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing Beijing General Research Institute of Mining&MetallurgyBeijing 100160China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro&Nano Materials Interfaces Science College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China School of Resources Environment and MaterialsGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Department of Chemistry Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105China China Railway Resource Group Co.Ltd Beijing 102300China

The depression mechanism of sulfite ions on sphalerite and Pb^(2+)activated sphalerite in the flotation separation of galena from sphalerite still lacked in-depth ***,the depression mechanism of sulfite ions on sphalerite and Pb^(2+)activated sphalerite in the flotation separation of galena from sphalerite was further systematically investigated with experiments and density functional theory(DFT)*** X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy(XPS)results,DFT calculation results,and frontier molecular orbital analysis indicated that sulfite ions were difficult to be adsorbed on sphalerite surface,suggesting that sulfite ions achieved depression effects on sphalerite through other non-adsorption ***,the oxygen content in the surface of sphalerite treated with sulfite ions in creased,which enhanced the hydrophilicity of the sphalerite and further increased the difference in hydrophilicity between sphalerite and ***,sulfite ions were chelated with lead ions to form PbSO_(3)in *** hydrophilic PbSO_(3)was more easily adsorbed on sphalerite than *** interaction between sulfite ions and lead ions could effectively inhibit the activation of *** addition the UV spectrum showed that after adding sulfite ions,the peak of perxanthate in the sphalerite treated xanthate solution was significantly stronger than that in the galena with xanthate solution,indicating that xanthate interacted more readily with sulfite ions and oxygen mo lecules within the sphalerite system,leading to the formation of ***,sulfite ions hardly depressed the flotation of ga lena and could promote the flotation of galena to some *** study deepened the understanding of the depression mechanism o sulfite ions on sphalerite and Pb^(2+)activated sphalerite.

关键词： sphalerite galena sulfite ion density functional theory depression mechanism

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Measuring the functional structure parameters of mitral apparatus by 3D echocardiography and its clinical value

Measuring the functional structure parameters of mitral appa...

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第二届长三角超声医学论坛暨2009年浙江省超声医学学术年会

作者： Department of Pediatric Cardiology,Shanghai Children Medical Center Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University.Shanghai 200127,China Lan-ping wu Kun sun Yu-qi ZHANG Li-ping YAO Zhi-fang ZHANG

Objective Mitral regurgitation(MR) is a common and important problem in the congenital heart *** provide objective information for pre-operative designing of MR repair,this study was to exploring mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of MR by a comparison study of 3DE measurement of the functional structure parameters of mitral apparatus of the children with and without MR.

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Mechanistic insight into the synergy between nickel single atoms and nanoparticles on N-doped carbon for electroreduction of CO2

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 327-336页

作者： Mingdong sun Wenwen Guan Cailing Chen Chao wu Xiaoling Liu Biao Meng Tao Chen Yu Han Jun Wang Shibo Xi Yu Zhou State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech University Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals Energy and Environment A*STAR (Agency for Science Technology and Research) College of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan University

The synergy of single atoms （SAs） and nanoparticles （NPs） has demonstrated great potential in promoting the electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction （CO2RR）;however,the rationalization of the SAs/NPs proportion remains one challenge for the catalyst ***,a Ni2+-loaded porous poly（ionic liquids）(PIL) precursor synthesized through the free radical self-polymerization of the ionic liquid monomer,1-allyl-3-vinylimidazolium chloride,was pyrolyzed to prepare the Ni,N co-doped carbon materials,in which the proportion of Ni SAs and NPs could be facilely modulated by controlling the annealing *** catalyst Ni-NC-1000 with a moderate proportion of Ni SAs and NPs exhibited high efficiency in the electrocatalytic conversion of CO2into *** Ni K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure （XANES） spectra and theoretical calculations were conducted to gain insight into the synergy of Ni SAs and *** charge transfer from Ni NPs to the surrounding carbon layer and then to the Ni SAs resulted in the electron-enriched Ni SAs active *** the electroreduction of CO2,the coexistence of Ni SAs and NPs strengthened the CO2activation and the affinity towards the key intermediate of*COOH,lowering the free energy for the potential-determining*CO2→*COOH step,and therefore promoted the catalysis efficiency.

关键词： Single atom catalyst Synergy effect Carbon catalyst Electrocatalysis

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Single-cell omics: experimental workflow, data analyses and applications

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 5-102页

作者： Fengying sun Haoyan Li Dongqing sun Shaliu Fu Lei Gu Xin Shao Qinqin Wang Xin Dong Bin Duan Feiyang Xing Jun wu Minmin Xiao Fangqing Zhao Jing-Dong J.Han Qi Liu Xiaohui Fan Chen Li Chenfei Wang Tieliu Shi Department of Clinical Laboratory the Affiliated Wuhu Hospital of East China Normal University (The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu City) Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang University Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University) Ministry of EducationOrthopaedic DepartmentTongji HospitalBioinformatics DepartmentSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University Frontier Science Center for Stem Cells School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine Shanghai East HospitalBioinformatics DepartmentSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University Research Institute of Intelligent Computing Zhejiang Lab Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Center for Single-cell Omics School of Public HealthShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization Innovation Center of Yangtze River DeltaZhejiang University Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biologythe Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life SciencesEast China Normal University Beijing Institutes of Life Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesCenter for Quantitative Biology (CQB)Peking University Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine Key Laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in Statistics and Data Science-MOE School of StatisticsEast China Normal University

Cells are the fundamental units of biological systems and exhibit unique development trajectories and molecular features. Our exploration of how the genomes orchestrate the formation and maintenance of each cell, and control the cellular phenotypes of various organismsis, is both captivating and intricate. Since the inception of the first single-cell RNA technology, technologies related to single-cell sequencing have experienced rapid advancements in recent years. These technologies have expanded horizontally to include single-cell genome, epigenome,proteome, and metabolome, while vertically, they have progressed to integrate multiple omics data and incorporate additional information such as spatial sc RNA-seq and CRISPR screening. Single-cell omics represent a groundbreaking advancement in the biomedical field,offering profound insights into the understanding of complex diseases, including cancers. Here, we comprehensively summarize recent advances in single-cell omics technologies, with a specific focus on the methodology section. This overview aims to guide researchers in selecting appropriate methods for single-cell sequencing and related data analysis.

关键词： single-cell sequencing genome epigenome proteomics metabolomics multimodal spatial transcriptomics CRISPR screening

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Hemoglobin integrated red blood cell membrane-coated metalorganic framework nano-platform for improving the self-adaptive blood glucose management

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Nano Research 2025年第1期18卷 618-627页

作者： Shuai wu Li Zhu Sheng Ni Xiong Zhao Meng Yan Yuan Zhong Karissa Kusuma Yi Liang Kaiwen Bao Kai Qu Xian Qin Kun Zhang wuquan Deng Da sun Wei wu Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology Ministry of EducationCollege of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic DiseasesChongqing 404000China Institute of Life Sciences&Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province Wenzhou UniversityWenzhou 325035China Department of Endocrinology School of MedicineChongqing Emergency Medical CenterChongqing University Central HospitalChongqing 400014China

Diabetes,a prevalent chronic metabolic disorder,often leads to severe ***,existing treatment methods may pose life-threatening risks due to poor patient compliance and inaccurate dosing of subcutaneous insulin ***,a biomimetic red blood cell(RBC)membrane-coated glucose-responsive nanoplatform is developed for controlling insulin *** nanoplatforms with RBC membrane can prolong the half-life of nano-formulation in vivo mediated by the biomimetic immune ***,the cascade catalytic effect of glucose oxidase(GOx)encapsulated in metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)and hemoglobin(Hb)in the RBC membrane are able to not only facilitate glucose-responsive insulin release,but also eliminate the detrimental by-product hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))resulting from the Hb mediated H_(2)O_(2)*** in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the favorable glucose-responsive performances of this advanced nano-platform with a single intravenous injection maintaining blood glucose balance in Type 1 Diabetes(T1D)mice for an extended duration without the hypoglycemia ***,this biomimetic insulin delivery system is poised to function as a strategy for the intravenous insulin administration,offering a promising drug candidate for the self-adaptive long-term T1D treatment.

关键词： glucose-responsive metal-organic frameworks red blood cell membrane insulin delivery glucose oxidase hemoglobin

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Nanoparticles for the treatment of spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1665-1680页

作者： Qiwei Yang Di Lu Jiuping wu Fuming Liang Huayi Wang Junjie Yang Ganggang Zhang Chen Wang Yanlian Yang Ling Zhu Xinzhi sun Department of Orthopedic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina Department of Neurosurgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina

Spinal cord injuries lead to significant loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions, presenting major challenges in neural regeneration. Achieving effective therapeutic concentrations at injury sites has been a slow process, partly due to the difficulty of delivering drugs effectively. Nanoparticles, with their targeted delivery capabilities, biocompatibility, and enhanced bioavailability over conventional drugs, are garnering attention for spinal cord injury treatment. This review explores the current mechanisms and shortcomings of existing treatments, highlighting the benefits and progress of nanoparticle-based approaches. We detail nanoparticle delivery methods for spinal cord injury, including local and intravenous injections, oral delivery, and biomaterial-assisted implantation, alongside strategies such as drug loading and surface modification. The discussion extends to how nanoparticles aid in reducing oxidative stress, dampening inflammation, fostering neural regeneration, and promoting angiogenesis. We summarize the use of various types of nanoparticles for treating spinal cord injuries, including metallic, polymeric, protein-based, inorganic non-metallic, and lipid nanoparticles. We also discuss the challenges faced, such as biosafety, effectiveness in humans, precise dosage control, standardization of production and characterization, immune responses, and targeted delivery in vivo. Additionally, we explore future directions, such as improving biosafety, standardizing manufacturing and characterization processes, and advancing human trials. Nanoparticles have shown considerable progress in targeted delivery and enhancing treatment efficacy for spinal cord injuries, presenting significant potential for clinical use and drug development.

关键词： antioxidants axon regeneration biocompatible materials drug carriers nanoparticles nerve regeneration neuroinflammatory diseases neuroprotection spinal cord injury stem cells

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Chondroitinase ABC combined with Schwann cell transplantation enhances restoration of neural connection and functional recovery following acute and chronic spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1467-1482页

作者： Wenrui Qu Xiangbing wu Wei wu Ying Wang Yan sun Lingxiao Deng Melissa Walker Chen Chen Heqiao Dai Qi Han Ying Ding Yongzhi Xia George Smith Rui Li Nai-Kui Liu Xiao-Ming Xu Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group Stark Neurosciences Research InstituteDepartment of Neurological SurgeryIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA Department of Hand Surgery the Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center Temple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA Department of Anatomy&Cell Biology Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA

Schwann cell transplantation is considered one of the most promising cell-based therapy to repair injured spinal cord due to its unique growth-promoting and myelin-forming properties.A the Food and Drug Administration-approved Phase I clinical trial has been conducted to evaluate the safety of transplanted human autologous Schwann cells to treat patients with spinal cord injury.A major challenge for Schwann cell transplantation is that grafted Schwann cells are confined within the lesion cavity,and they do not migrate into the host environment due to the inhibitory barrier formed by injury-induced glial scar,thus limiting axonal reentry into the host spinal *** we introduce a combinatorial strategy by suppressing the inhibitory extracellular environment with injection of lentivirus-mediated transfection of chondroitinase ABC gene at the rostral and caudal borders of the lesion site and simultaneously leveraging the repair capacity of transplanted Schwann cells in adult rats following a mid-thoracic contusive spinal cord *** report that when the glial scar was degraded by chondroitinase ABC at the rostral and caudal lesion borders,Schwann cells migrated for considerable distances in both rostral and caudal *** Schwann cell migration led to enhanced axonal regrowth,including the serotonergic and dopaminergic axons originating from supraspinal regions,and promoted recovery of locomotor and urinary bladder ***,the Schwann cell survival and axonal regrowth persisted up to 6 months after the injury,even when treatment was delayed for 3 months to mimic chronic spinal cord *** findings collectively show promising evidence for a combinatorial strategy with chondroitinase ABC and Schwann cells in promoting remodeling and recovery of function following spinal cord injury.

关键词： axonal regrowth bladder function chondroitinase ABC functional recovery glial scar lentivirus migration Schwann cell spinal cord injury transplantation

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