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Effect of Different Calcination Temperatures and Post Annealing on the Properties of Acetic Acid Based Sol-Gel (Na_(0.5)K_(0.5))NbO_3(NKN) Thin Films

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2013年第2期29卷 142-148页

作者： Sebastian Wiegand Stefan Flege Olaf Baake wolfgang Ensinger Materials Analysis Group Department of Materials and Geosciences Technische Universitt Darmstadt Petersenstrasse 23 64287 Darmstadt Germany

（Na0.5K0.5）NbO3 （NKN） lead free thin films were synthesized by means of an acetic acid based sol-gel process on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates. Na-acetate, K-acetate and Nb-pentaethoxide were used as metal precursors and acetic acid as the solvent. The effect of different calcination temperatures on the properties of the NKN films was investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, leakage current and hysteresis measurements. Low calcination temperatures led to low currents at high electric fields whereas high calcination temperatures led to low currents at low electric fields. Based on these findings calcination at low temperature was combined with a post annealing treatment. Low leakage currents of 4×10^-4 A/cm2 at 150 kV/cm and 2Pr and 2Ec values of 28 μC/cm2 and 150 kV/cm, respectively, could be obtained. All films were single phase NKN with random crystal orientations and no crack or pore formation was visible on the surface.

关键词： Sol-gel process (Na0.5K0.5)NbO3 Thin film Perovskite Lead-free Piezo material

Long-term monitoring data reveal effects of age,population density,and environmental aspects on hatching success of Common Cranes(Grus grus)

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Avian Research 2022年第3期13卷 347-355页

作者： Isabel Barwisch wolfgang Mewes Angela Schmitz Ornes AG Vogelwarte Zoological Institute and MuseumUniversity of GreifswaldSoldmannstr.23GreifswaldGermany Grüner Weg 3 19395Plau Am SeeOT KarowGermany

Facing climate and land use change,a species’ability to successfully adapt to changing environments is crucial for its *** drainage and intensification of agriculture and forestry set wetlands and associated species at risk of population *** population of Common Cranes(Grus grus)has experienced considerable fluctuations over the last *** increasing population numbers,hatching success seemed to have decreased over the last *** aim of this study was to identify factors influencing hatching success and nest survival of Common Cranes based on analyses of long-term individual-based monitoring data from northeastern Germany and evaluate the species ability to adapt to changing *** success decreased over the course of the study period from 0.75 to ***,nest survival and hatching success did not vary across different nesting habitats,whereas factors such as female age,timing of nest initiation and breeding pair density were found to have significant effects on hatching *** females showed higher hatching success,even though the proportion of unhatched eggs was highest in females aged 20 years or *** nest initiation had a positive effect on hatching *** levels are more favorable early in the nesting season,whereas increasing evaporation with time causes water levels to decrease,granting easier access for *** of female age,hatching success decreased with increasing numbers of breeding pairs within a 2-km radius around a nesting *** population densities intensify competition for resources and promote intraspecific interactions,affecting reproductive outcome *** study gives first insights into mechanisms behind population regulation in Common Cranes,highlighting the importance of population dynamics and individual *** suggest to further investigate density dependent effects including landscape and habitat features as well as reproduct

关键词： Adaptation Age Cranes Grus grus Habitat Nest survival Population density Reproduction

The Unfinished Text or Literature as Palimpsest towards Lu Xun and His Relevance to the Present

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Frontiers of Literary Studies in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2013年第4期7卷 541-550页

作者： wolfgang Kubin Department for Overseas Chinese Studies Beijing Foreign Studies University Beijing 100089 China

The fact that Lu Xun is no longer regarded as the most important Chinese writer of the 20th century raises many questions. Is there only one benchmark for good literature, or are there different norms？ To what extent are these norms dictated by the market？ Questions like these relate to the issue of evaluation. Is literature still evaluated according to the internationally recognized definition of ＂modernity＂ that prevailed before World War II, or is it unfair to judge contemporary writers according to standards that dominated before 19497 The reason why contemporary Chinese literature （after 1949） might sometimes seem somehow lacking in comparison with modern Chinese literature （1912-49） might be found in historical changes in the role of the narrator in the novel. Literature after 1949 often returns to the omnipresent narrator, whose comments can be taken for granted. But, in the works of Lu Xun, the reader is often confronted with a narrator who is not reliable. In this way, the literature becomes ambivalent, and it is precisely this ambivalence that makes the literature ＂modern,＂ as the reader has to decide which voice he or she is going to trust. It is also ambivalence which turns a narrating ＇T＇ into a fictional character, which cannot be equated with the （real） author.

关键词： literary Lu Xun modernity memory ambivalence voice in the text market benchmark for literature unreliable narrator figure of speech

HAUSDORFF MEASURE OF UNIFORM SELF-SIMILAR FRACTALS

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Analysis in Theory and Applications 2010年第1期26卷 84-100页

作者： wolfgang Kreitmeier University of Passau Innstraβe

Let d ≥ 1 be an integer and E a self-similar fractal set, which is the attractor of a uniform contracting iterated function system （UIFS） on R^d. Denote by D the Hausdorff dimension, by H^D（E） the Hausdorff measure and by diam（E） the diameter of E. If the UIFS is parametrised by its contracting factor c, while the set ω of fixed points of the UIFS does not depend on c, we will show the existence of a positive constant depending only on ω, such that the Hausdorff dimension is smaller than one and H^O（E） = diam（E）^D if c is smaller than this constant. We apply our result to modified versions of various classical fractals. Moreover, we present a parametrised UIFS, where ω depends on c and show the inequatily H^D（E）〈 diam（E）^D, if c is small enough.

关键词： self-similar set Hausdorff measure

Latency arbitrage and the synchronized placement of orders

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Financial Innovation 2023年第1期9卷 2650-2667页

作者： wolfgang Kuhle Department of Economics Corvinus UniversityBudapestHungary MEA Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Social PolicyMunichGermany Zhejiang University HangzhouChina

We argue that owing to traders’inability to fully express their preferences over the execution times of their orders,contemporary stock market designs are prone to latency *** turn,we propose a new order type,which allows traders to specify the time at which their orders are executed after reaching the *** recent latency data,we demonstrate that the order type proposed here allows traders to synchronize order executions across different exchanges,such that high-frequency traders,even if they operate at the speed of light,can no-longer engage in latency arbitrage.

关键词： Market design High-frequency trading Latency arbitrage

TAX MORALE IN CLASSICAL ATHENS

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Journal of Ancient Civilizations 2019年第2期34卷 273-288,330页

作者： wolfgang Franzen Forschungsstelle für empirische Sozialökonomik e.V.(fores)(Office for Empirical Research on Social Economics Cologne)

Tax psychology is an interdisciplinary approach to explain attitudes and behavior of *** tax-psychological surveys usually focus on empirical data from contemporary societies,this article relies on historical studies of classical *** suggest that,due to specific political,social,and cultural conditions,in classical Athens tax morale has been positive and tax compliance rather high.

关键词： CLASS contemporary explain

Effects of Bentonite,Hydrogel and Biochar Amendments on Soil Hydraulic Properties from Saturation to Oven Dryness

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Pedosphere 2019年第5期29卷 598-607页

作者： Osama M0HAWESH wolfgang DURNER Department of Plant Production Faculty of AgricultureMutah UniversityKarak 61710 (Jordan) Division of Environmental Science and Technology Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyoto 6110011 (Japan) Institute of Geoecology Technical University of BraunschweigLanger Kamp 19cBraunschweig 38106 (Germany)

Effects of hydrogel, bentonite, and biochar as soil amendments on soil hydraulic properties and improving water availability from saturation to oven dryness were investigated. Soils were mixed with hydrogel (0.10%, 0.25%, and 0.50%), bentonite (0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.5%), and biochar (1.0%, 2.5%, and 5.0%) as soil amendments (weight:weight). Three methods (extended multistep outflow (XMSO), evaporation (EVA), and WP4 dewpoint potentiometer) were used to measure soil hydraulic properties from saturation to oven dryness. The cumulative XMSO results were more uniform across all the applied pressure steps for the amended soils. The EVA exhibited a shorter linear decrease during the first evaporation stage and a lower evaporation rate during the second evaporation stage. The WP4 results also exhibited that soil amendments increased the soil water content of the amended soils at low matric potentials. The results of soil water retention curves revealed that the unamended soil retained less water at any matric potential compared to the amended soils. Soil hydraulic conductivity decreased with increasing amount of soil amendments. The saturated hydraulic conductivity was higher for the unamended soil than the soils amended w计h 2.5% bentonite, 0.50% hydrogel, and 5.0% biochar by 11, 3, and 18 times, respectively. These results suggested that soil amendments improved soil water retentivity, which confirmed the appropriateness of these soil amendments for potential use in sandy soil improvements. However, field experiments and economical perception studies should be considered for further investigation.

关键词： evaporation extended multistep outflow soil amendment soil matric potential soil moisture soil water retentivity water availability WP4 dewpoint potentiometer

Nafion/polypyrrole and Nafion/DMSO Organic Coatings for Magnesium Protection

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2007年第1期23卷 139-141页

作者： Renguo SONG Xiaohua ZHENG Carsten Blawer wolfgang Dietzel The MOE Key Laboratory of Mechanical Manufacture and Automation Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China Center for Magnesium Technology Institute of Materials Research GKSS-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH Max-Planck Straβe 1 D-21502 Geesthacht Germany

Nafion/polypyrrole and Nafion/Dimethysulfoxid （DMSO） organic coatings were prepared on the surface of pure magnesium by simple immersion and heat treatment. The morphologies and corrosion resistance of the organic coatings were investigated by using optical microscopy and electrochemical corrosion testing, respectively. It is shown that Nafion/polypyrrole organic coatings resulted in the corrosion resistance of magnesium decreasing; while Nafion/DMSO organic coatings can effectively improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium. Also, the corrosion resistance increased with the thickness of the Nafion/DMSO organic coating increased.

关键词： Magnesium Naflon/polypyrrole organic coatings Naflon/DMSO organic coatings Corrosion resistance

Lipid transport to avian oocytes and to the developing embryo

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2016年第3期30卷 174-180页

作者： wolfgang J.Schneider Department of Medical Biochemistry Max F.Perutz LaboratoriesMedical University and Biocenter Vienna

Studies of receptor-mediated lipoprotein metabolic pathways in avian species have revealed that physiological intricacies of specific cell types are highly analogous to those in mammals. A prime example for the power of com- parative studies across different animal kingdoms, elucidated in the chicken, is that the expression of different lipo- protein receptors in somatic cells and oocytes are the key to oocyte growth. In avian species, yolk precursor transport from the hen＇s liver to rapidly growing oocytes and the subsequent transfer of yolk nutrients via the yolk sac to the developing embryo are highly efficient processes. Oocytes grow from a diameter of 5 mm to 2.5-3 cm in only 7 days, and the yolk sac transfers nutrients from the yolk stored in the mature oocyte to the embryo within just 2 weeks. The underlying key transport mechanism is receptor-mediated endocytosis of macromolecules, i.e., of hepatically synthesized yolk precursors for oocyte growth, and of mature yolk components for embryo nutrition, respectively. Recently, the receptors involved, as well as the role of lipoprotein synthesis in the yolk sac have been identified. As outlined here, lipoprotein degradation/resynthesis cycles and the expression of lipoprotein receptors are not only coordinated with the establishment of the tbllicular architecture embedding the oocyte, but also with the generation of the yolk sac vasculature essential for nutrient transfer to the embryo.

关键词： chicken embryo oocyte yolk sac lipoprotein receptors vascularization