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Nano-Micro Letters 2023年第1期15卷 225-235页

作者： Chaofan Jiang Junjie Zhou Hang Li Liguo Tan Minghao Li wolfgang Tress Liming Ding Michael Grätzel Chenyi Yi State Key Laboratory of Power System Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China Institute of Computational Physics(ICP) ZHAW School of EngineeringWildbachstr.218400 WinterthurSwitzerland Center for Excellence in Nanoscience(CAS) Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication(CAS)National Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing 100190People’s Republic of China Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSwiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland

Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have become the represent-atives of next generation of photovoltaics;nevertheless,their stability is insufficient for large scale deployment,particularly the reverse bias ***,we propose a transparent conducting oxide(TCO)and low-cost metal composite electrode to improve the stability of PSCs without sacrificing the *** TCO can block ion migrations and chemical reactions between the metal and perovskite,while the metal greatly enhances the conductivity of the composite *** a result,composite electrode-PSCs achieved a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 23.7%(certified 23.2%)and exhibited excellent stability,maintaining 95%of the initial PCE when applying a reverse bias of 4.0 V for 60 s and over 92%of the initial PCE after 1000 h continuous light *** composite electrode strategy can be extended to different combinations of TCOs and *** opens a new avenue for improving the stability of PSCs.

关键词： Composite electrode Perovskite solar cells Stability Reverse bias Characterization

Avian magnetic compass:Its functional properties and physical basis

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Current Zoology 2010年第3期56卷 265-276页

作者： Roswitha WILTSCHKO wolfgang WILTSCHKO Fachbereich Biowissenschaften J.W.Goethe-Universitt Frankfurt

The avian magnetic compass was analyzed in bird species of three different orders - Passeriforms, Columbiforms andGalliforms - and in three different behavioral contexts, namely migratory orientation, homing and directional conditioning. Therespective findings indicate similar functional properties: it is an inclination compass that works only within a functional windowaround the ambient magnetic field intensity; it tends to be lateralized in favor of the right eye, and it is wavelength-dependent,requiring light from the short-wavelength range of the spectrum. The underlying physical mechanisms have been identified asradical pair processes, spin-chemical reactions in specialized photopigments. The iron-based receptors in the upper beak do notseem to be involved. The existence of the same type of magnetic compass in only very distantly related bird species suggests thatit may have been present already in the common ancestors of all modern birds, where it evolved as an all-purpose compassmechanism for orientation within the home range [Current Zoology 56 (3): 265-276, 2010].

关键词：功能特性指南针物理基础禽波长范围磁场强度周围环境自由基对

A Fiber Optic Temperature Sensor Based on the Combination of Epoxy and Glass Particles With Different Thermo-Optic Coefficients

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Photonic Sensors 2016年第4期6卷 295-302页

作者： wolfgang WILDNER Dietmar DRUMMER Institute of Polymer Technology Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Niirnberg Erlangen Germany

This paper describes the development and function of an optical fiber temperature sensor made out of a compound of epoxy and optical glass particles. Because of the different thermo-optic coefficients of these materials, this compound exhibits a strong wavelength and temperature dependent optical transmission, and it therefore can be employed for fiber optic temperature measurements. The temperature at the sensor, which is integrated into a polymer optical fiber （POF）, is evaluated by the ratio of the transmitted intensity of two different light-emitting diodes （LED） with a wavelength of 460nm and 650rim. The material characterization and influences of different sensor lengths and two particle sizes on the measurement result are discussed. The temperature dependency of the transmission increases with smaller particles and with increasing sensor length. With glass particles with a diameter of 43 Bm and a sensor length of 9.8 mm, the intensity ratio of the two LEDs decreases by 60% within a temperature change from 10℃ to 40℃.

关键词： Temperature sensors fiber optic sensors epoxy glass particles thermo-optic coefficient

Functional group richness increases multifunctionality in intensively managed grasslands

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Grassland Research 2023年第3期2卷 225-240页

作者： Laura Argens Caroline Brophy wolfgang W.Weisser Sebastian Meyer Terrestrial Ecology Research Group Department for Life Science SystemsSchool of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany School of Computer Science and Statistics Trinity College DublinDublinIreland

Background:Agricultural yields have increased continuously over the last few ***,a focus solely on production can harm the *** of agriculture has been suggested to increase production and *** experiments showed positive effects on ecosystems and ***,application of these results to intensively managed grasslands has been questioned due to differences in plant species and management *** on whether diversity can benefit multifunctionality,that is,an integrated index of multiple ecosystem functions,under intensive management,is still ***:To address this,we manipulated plant species richness from one to six species spanning three functional groups(legumes,herbs,and grasses)in intensively managed multispecies grassland leys and examined seven ecosystem ***:We found that multifunctionality increased with functional group and species ***+herb mixtures showed high multifunctionality,while grass monocultures and mixtures with high proportions of grasses had low *** plant species and plant communities drove different ecosystem *** and herbs improved productivity and water availability,while grasses enhanced invasion *** results indicate that multifunctionality and individual ecosystem functions can be promoted through targeted combinations of plants with complementary ecological ***:Plant diversity can improve multifunctionality also under intensive management,potentially benefitting agroeconomics and sustainability.

关键词： biodiversity ecosystem functions intensively managed grassland Legacy Network(LegacyNet) multifunctionality

Classifying handedness in chiral nanomaterials using label error robust deep learning

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1417-1423页

作者： C.K.Groschner Alexander J.Pattison Assaf Ben-Moshe A.Paul Alivisatos wolfgang Theis M.C.Scott Department of Materials Science and Engineering UC BerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA School of Physics and Astronomy University of BirminghamBirminghamUK Department of Chemistry University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA

High-throughput scanning electron microscopy(SEM)coupled with classification using neural networks is an ideal method to determine the morphological handedness of large populations of chiral *** labeling removes the time-consuming manual labeling of training data,but introduces label error,and subsequently classification error in the trained neural ***,we evaluate methods to minimize classification error when training from automated labels of SEM datasets of chiral Tellurium *** the mirror relationship between images of opposite handed particles,we artificially create populations of varying label *** analyze the impact of label error rate and training method on the classification error of neural networks on an ideal dataset and on a practical *** the three training methods considered,we find that a pretraining approach yields the most accurate results across label error rates on ideal datasets,where size and other morphological variables are held constant,but that a co-teaching approach performs the best in practical application.

关键词： error chiral remove

Perspectives of visualization onboarding and guidance in VA

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Visual Informatics 2022年第1期6卷 68-83页

作者： Christina Stoiber Davide Ceneda Markus Wagner Victor Schetinger Theresia Gschwandtner Marc Streit Silvia Miksch wolfgang Aigner St.Pölten University of Applied Sciences Austria TU Wien Austria Erste Group Bank AG Austria Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria

A typical problem in Visual Analytics(VA)is that users are highly trained experts in their application domains,but have mostly no experience in using VA ***,users often have difficulties interpreting and working with visual *** overcome these problems,user assistance can be incorporated into VA systems to guide experts through the analysis while closing their knowledge *** types of user assistance can be applied to extend the power of VA,enhance the user’s experience,and broaden the audience for *** different approaches to visualization onboarding and guidance in VA already exist,there is a lack of research on how to design and integrate them in effective and efficient ***,we aim at putting together the pieces of the mosaic to form a coherent *** on the Knowledge-Assisted Visual Analytics model,we contribute a conceptual model of user assistance for VA by integrating the process of visualization onboarding and guidance as the two main approaches in this *** a result,we clarify and discuss the commonalities and differences between visualization onboarding and guidance,and discuss how they benefit from the integration of knowledge extraction and ***,we discuss our descriptive model by applying it to VA tools integrating visualization onboarding and guidance,and showing how they should be utilized in different phases of the analysis in order to be effective and accepted by the user.

关键词： User assistance Visual Analytics Conceptual model Visualization onboarding Guidance

Comparative evaluations of visualization onboarding methods

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Visual Informatics 2022年第4期6卷 34-50页

作者： Christina Stoiber Conny Walchshofer Margit Pohl Benjamin Potzmann Florian Grassinger Holger Stitz Marc Streit wolfgang Aigner St.Poelten University of Applied Sciences St.PoeltenAustria Johannes Kepler University Linz LinzAustria TU Wien ViennaAustria datavisyn GmbH LinzAustria

Comprehending and exploring large and complex data is becoming increasingly important for a diverse population of users in a wide range of application *** has proven to be well-suited in supporting this endeavor by tapping into the power of human visual ***,non-experts in the field of visual data analysis often have problems with correctly reading and interpreting information from visualization idioms that are new to *** support novices in learning how to use new digital technologies,the concept of onboarding has been successfully applied in other fields and first approaches also exist in the visualization ***,empirical evidence on the effectiveness of such approaches is ***,we conducted three studies with Amazon Mechanical Turk(MTurk)workers and students investigating visualization onboarding at different levels:(1)Firstly,we explored the effect of visualization onboarding,using an interactive step-by-step guide,on user performance for four increasingly complex visualization techniques with time-oriented data:a bar chart,a horizon graph,a change matrix,and a parallel coordinates *** performed a between-subject experiment with 596 participants in *** results showed that there are no significant differences between the answer correctness of the questions with and without ***,participants commented that for highly familiar visualization types no onboarding is ***,for the most unfamiliar visualization type—the parallel coordinates plot—performance improvement can be observed with onboarding.(2)Thus,we performed a second study with MTurk workers and the parallel coordinates plot to assess if there is a difference in user performances on different visualization onboarding types:step-by-step,scrollytelling tutorial,and video *** study revealed that the video tutorial was ranked as the most positive on average,based on a sentiment analysis,followed by the scrollyt

关键词： Visualization literacy User onboarding Learning Visual analytic

Insights into Theranostic Properties of Titanium Dioxide for Nanomedicine

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Nano-Micro Letters 2020年第2期12卷 102-136页

作者： Morteza Hasanzadeh Kafshgari wolfgang HGoldmann Department of Engineering Physics Polytechnique MontreálMontrealQC H3C3A7Canada Department of Physics Biophysics GroupUniversity of Erlangen-Nuremberg91052 ErlangenGermany

Titanium dioxide(TiO2)nanostructures exhibit a broad range of theranostic properties that make them attractive for biomedical ***2 nanostructures promise to improve current theranostic strategies by leveraging the enhanced quantum confinement,thermal conversion,specific surface area,and surface *** review highlights certain important aspects of fabrication strategies,which are employed to generate multifunctional TiO2 nanostructures,while outlining post-fabrication techniques with an emphasis on their suitability for *** biodistribution,toxicity,biocompatibility,cellular adhesion,and endocytosis of these nanostructures,when exposed to biological microenvironments,are examined in regard to their geometry,size,and surface *** final section focuses on recent biomedical applications of TiO2 nanostructures,specifically evaluating therapeutic delivery,photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy,bioimaging,biosensing,tissue regeneration,as well as chronic wound healing.

关键词： TiO2 nanostructures Drug delivery systems Bioimaging Biosensing Tissue regeneration

SV2B defines a subpopulation of synaptic vesicles

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2023年第9期15卷 1-13页

作者： Isabelle Paulussen Hannes Beckert Timothy FMusial Lena J.Gschossmann Julia Wolf Mathieu schmitt Jérôme Clasadonte Georges Mairet-Coello Christian Wolff Susanne Schoch Dirk Dietrich Synaptic Neuroscience Team Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital BonnBonn 53127Germany Synaptic Neuroscience Team Department of NeuropathologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonn 53127Germany Microscopy Core Facility Medical FacultyUniversity of BonnBonn 53127Germany UCB Pharma Braine l’Alleud 1420Belgium

Synaptic vesicles can undergo several modes of exocytosis,endocytosis,and trafficking within individual synapses,and their fates may be linked to different vesicular protein ***,we mapped the intrasynaptic distribution of the synaptic vesicle proteins SV2B and SV2A in glutamatergic synapses of the hippocampus using three-dimensional electron ***2B was almost completely absent from docked vesicles and a distinct cluster of vesicles found near the active *** contrast,SV2A was found in all domains of the synapse and was slightly enriched near the active ***2B and SV2A were found on the membrane in the peri-active zone,suggesting the recycling from both clusters of ***2B knockout mice displayed an increased seizure induction threshold only in a model employing high-frequency *** data show that glutamatergic synapses generate molecularly distinct populations of synaptic vesicles and are able to maintain them at steep spatial *** almost complete absence of SV2B from vesicles at the active zone of wildtype mice may explain why SV2A has been found more important for vesicle release.

关键词： 3D electron microscopy synaptic vesicles synaptic vesicle proteins endocytosis trafficking spatial organization

Near vision examination in presbyopia patients: Do we need good homologated near vision charts?

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Eye and Vision 2016年第1期3卷 222-230页

作者： wolfgang Radner Austrian Academy of Ophthalmology Mollgasse 11A-1180 ViennaAustria

Presbyopia correction is mainly concerned with the goal of regaining an uncorrected reading *** historic reading charts do not provide a unique standard that is applicable for the analysis of clinical and scientific reading performance,new standardized reading charts have been developed,in order to provide reading performance analyses analogous to modern single-optotype distance acuity measurements:the Bailey-Lovie Word Reading Chart,the Colenbrander English Continuous Text Near Vision Cards,the MNREAD Charts,and the RADNER Reading *** last three are also meant to measure reading speed,thus allowing detailed analysis of the reading capabilities of the patient’s functional ***,these reading charts can be declared homologated,based on the standards that were published for reading charts by the Visual Function Committee of the International Council of Ophthalmology(ICO)in *** research studies have shown that by analyzing the reading performance with homologated reading charts,valuable insight into the reading performance of patients suffering from various diseases can be *** reading charts have also been successfully used in presbyopia *** therefore seems evident that homologated,standardized reading charts facilitate not only research concerning functional vision in many fields of ophthalmology but also international communication about near visual *** reading charts are available in almost all languages and have become a valuable tool in analyzing reading *** argue in this review that homologated reading charts are clearly a necessity for presbyopia research.

关键词： Reading charts Reading test Reading acuity Reading speed Reading performance Functional vision