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Regulation of Pain and Itch by TRP Channels

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2018年第1期34卷 120-142页

作者： Carlene Moore Rupali Gupta Sven-Eric Jordt Yong Chen wolfgang B.Liedtke Department of Neurology Duke University Medical Center Department of Anesthesiology Duke University Medical Center

Nociception is an important physiological process that detects harmful signals and results in pain perception. In this review, we discuss important experimental evidence involving some TRP ion channels as molecular sensors of chemical, thermal, and mechanical noxious stimuli to evoke the pain and itch sensations. Among them are the TRPA1 channel, members of the vanilloid subfamily （TRPV1, TRPV3, and TRPV4）, and finally members of the melastatin group （TRPM2, TRPM3, and TRPMS）. Given that pain and itch are pro-survival, evolutionarily-honed protective mechanisms, care has to be exercised when developing inhibitory/modulatory com- pounds targeting specific pain/itch-TRPs so that physio- logical protective mechanisms are not disabled to a degree that stimulus-mediated injury can occur. Such events have impeded the development of safe and effective TRPV1- modulating compounds and have diverted substantial resources. A beneficial outcome can be readily accom- plished via simple dosing strategies, and also by incorpo- rating medicinal chemistry design features during compound design and synthesis. Beyond clinical use, where compounds that target more than one channel might have a place and possibly have advantageous features, highly specific and high-potency compounds will be helpful in mechanistic discovery at the structure-function level.

关键词： TRP channels Pain Itch Nociceptors - Inflammation Lipids Temperature Hyperalgesia Nerve damage Neuropathic pain Mechanotransduction Allodynia

Green infrastructure： a planning concept for the urban transformation of former coal-mining cities

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2018年第1期5卷 78-91页

作者： Peter Wirth Jiang Chang Ralf-Uwe Syrbe wolfgang Wende Tinghao Hu Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development (IOER) Weberplatz 1 01217 DresdenGermany China University of Mining and Technology (CUMT) Daxue Road 1 Xuzhou 221116 China

Green infrastructure is a concept aimed at realizing a strategically planned network of valuable natural and seminatural areas, designed and managed to deliver a wide range of ecosystem services and to protect biodiversity in rural and urban settings. In the general post-mining context of China and Germany, this paper suggests and outlines an approach that combines green infrastructure with specific concepts of post-mining landscapes. While Germany has a long tradition of post-mining restoration, concepts of green infrastructure are still poorly developed. China, on the other hand, has taken its first steps in the restoration of coal regions, and could profit from the new concepts while drawing on Germany＇s experience. The potentials of relevant strategies are investigated here through two case studies from Germany and China. Although there are significant differences in the post-mining development strategies of these two countries, it is clear that the green infrastructure concept can contribute significantly to a growth in ecosystem services. Four advantages of the green infrastructure concept are seen： First, it enables a systematic and highly objective assessment of mining impacts on the ecosystem. Second, the concept assists in the implementation of urban sustainability goals. Third, it is rooted in the local characteristics of landscapes. And finally, the green infrastructure concept seems to be highly compatible with tools of landscape and regional planning.

关键词： Post-mining development Ecosystem services Urban planning Green space China Germany

Significance of the carbon sink produced by H_2O–carbonate–CO_2–aquatic phototroph interaction on land

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Science Bulletin 2015年第2期60卷 182-191,I0001页

作者：刘再华 wolfgang Dreybrodt State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Faculty of Physics and Electrical Engineering University of Bremen 28334 Bremen Germany

One of the most important questions in the science of global change is how to balance the atmospheric CO2 budget. There is a large terrestrial missing carbon sink amounting to about one billion tonnes of carbon per annum. The locations, magnitudes, variations, and mechanisms responsible for this terrestrial missing carbon sink are uncertain and the focus of much continuing debate. Although the positive feedback between global change and silicate chemical weathering is used in geochemical models of atmospheric CO2, this feedback is believed to operate over a long timescale and is therefore generally left out of the current discussion of human impact upon the carbon budget. Here, we show, by synthesizing recent findings in rock weathering research and studies into biological carbon pump effects in surface aquatic ecosystems, that the carbon sink produced by carbonate weathering based on the H2O- carbonate-CO2-aquatic phototroph interaction on land not only totals half a billion tonnes per annum, but also displays a significant increasing trend under the influence of global warming and land use change; thus, it needs to be included in the global carbon budget.

关键词： Carbon sink H2O-carbonate-CO2- aquatic phototroph interaction Carbonate weathering Biological carbon pump Land aquatic ecosystem Global change

Effects of temperature,pH and O_(2) on the removal of hydrogen sulfide from biogas by external biological desulfurization in a full scale fixed-bed trickling bioreactor(FBTB)

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2013年第1期6卷 69-81页

作者： Hans-Joachim Naegele Jonas Lindner wolfgang Merkle Andreas Lemmer Thomas Jungbluth Claus Bogenrieder University of Hohenheim State Institute for Agricultural Engineering and BioenergyGarbenstraße 9 StuttgartBaden-WürttembergDE 70599 Germany Züblin Umwelttechnik GmbH UmwelttechnikOtto-Dürr-Straße 1StuttgartBaden-WürttembergDE 70435 Germany

Hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)is a critical component of biogas formed under anaerobic conditions by sulfur and sulfate reducing bacteria from animal manure and renewable energy crops.H_(2)S causes high corrosion in equipment,has a negative environmental impact,inhibits the biogas formation process and is furthermore odorous and *** several methods for internal and external desulfurization found their way into practice and had been explored at laboratory scale,no data were available on the performance of such methods in full scale practice,especially for an external fixed-bed trickling bioreactor(FBTB).The effects of temperature,pH and air ratio on H_(2)S removal efficiency(RE)were *** study was conducted at a research biogas plant with a given output of 96 m^(3) biogas per hour,and an H_(2)S concentration ranging between 500 ppm and 600 ppm(1 ppm=1 cm^(3)/m^(3))on *** FBTB column has been designed to hold a packing volume of 2.21 m^(3) at a gas retention time of 84 seconds being loaded at an average of 32.88 g H_(2)S/(m^(3)·h).The highest H_(2)S RE of 98% was found at temperatures between 30℃ and 40℃.A major decline in RE to 21%-45%was observed at temperatures from 5℃ to 25℃.The results clearly showed a temperature optimum range for sulfate reducing *** results reveal that RE is little affected by different pH values and air *** the experimental period,the practical suitability of the FBTB system could be proved while avoiding the disadvantages of internal biological desulfurization methods.

关键词： external biological desulfurization fixed-bed trickling bioreactor(FBTB) H_(2)S removal efficiency(RE) hydrogen sulfide biogas full scale biogas research plant

Influence of direct electric current on wetting behavior during brazing

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2020年第3期15卷 496-503页

作者： Kirsten BOBZIN wolfgang WIETHEGER Julian HEBING Lidong ZHAO Alexander SCHMIDT Riza ISKANDAR Joachim MAYER Surface Engineering Institute(IOT) RWTH Aachen University52072 AachenGermany Central Facility for Electron Microscopy RWTH Aachen University52074 AachenGermany

The wetting behavior of liquid metals is of great importance for many processes. For brazing, however, a targeted modification beyond the adjustment of conventional process parameters or the actual set-up was not possible in the past. Therefore, the effect of direct electric current along the surface of a steel substrate on the wetting behavior and the formation of the spreading pattern of an industrial nickel-based filler metal was investigated at a temperature above T = 1000 °C in a vacuum brazing furnace. By applying direct current up to I = 60 A the wetted surface area could be increased and the spreading of the molten filler metal could be controlled in dependence of the polarity of the electric current. The electric component of the Lorentz force is supposed to be feasible reasons for the observed dependence of the electrical polarity on the filler metal spreading direction. To evaluate the influence of the electric current on the phase formation subsequent selective electron microscope analyses of the spreading pattern were carried out.

关键词： brazing electric current assisted wetting Lorentz force

Skeletal microstructures of cheilostome bryozoans(phylum Bryozoa,class Gymnolaemata):crystallography and secretion patterns

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2024年第3期6卷 405-424页

作者： Christian Grenier Erika Griesshaber wolfgang Schmahl Björn Berning Antonio G.Checa Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología Universidad de Granada18071 GranadaSpain Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de La Tierra CSIC-Universidad de Granada18100 ArmillaSpain Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Ludwig-Maximilians Universität80333 MunichGermany Institute for Geology University of Hamburg20146 HamburgGermany

Gymnolaemata bryozoans produce CaCO3 skeletons of either calcite,aragonite,or *** extensive research,their crystallography and biomineralization patterns remain *** present a detailed study of the microstructures,min-eralogy,and crystallography of eight extant cheilostome species using scanning electron microscopy,electron backscatter diffraction,atomic force microscopy,and micro-computed *** distinguished five basic microstructures,three calcitic(tabular,irregularly platy,and granular),and two aragonitic(granular-platy and fibrous).The calcitic microstruc-tures consist of crystal aggregates that transition from tabular or irregularly platy to granular *** aragonite consists of fibers arranged into *** all cases,the crystallographic textures are axial,and stronger in aragonite than in calcite,with the c-axis as the fiber *** reconstruct the biomineralization sequence in the different species by considering the distribution and morphology of the growth fronts of crystals and the location of the secretory *** bimineralic species,calcite formation always predates aragonite *** interior compound walls,growth proceeds from the cuticle toward the zooecium *** conclude that,with the exception of tabular calcite,biomineralization is remote and occurs within a relatively wide extrapallial space,which is consistent with the inorganic-like appearance of the *** biomineralization mode is rare among invertebrates.

关键词： Biomineralization Bryozoan Skeleton Calcite Aragonite Electron backscatter diffraction

Helium droplet assisted synthesis of plasmonic Ag@ZnO core@shell nanoparticles

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Nano Research 2020年第11期13卷 2979-2986页

作者： Alexander Schiffmann Thomas Jauk Daniel Knez Harald Fitzek Ferdinand Hofer Florian Lackner wolfgang E.Ernst Institute of Experimental Physics Graz University of TechnologyA-8010GrazAustria Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis&Graz Centre for Electron Microscopy Graz University of TechnologyA-8010GrazAustria

Plasmonic Ag@ZnO core@shell nanoparticles are formed by synthesis inside helium droplets with subsequent deposition and controlled *** particle size and shape can be controlled from spherical sub-10 nm particles to larger elongated *** advantage of the method is the complete absence of solvents,precursors,and other chemical *** obtained particle morphology and elemental composition have been analyzed by scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM)and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS).The results reveal that the produced particles form a closed and homogeneous ZnO layer around a 2–3 nm Ag core with a uniform thickness of(1.33±0.15)nm and(1.63±0.31)nm for spherical and wire-like particles,*** results are supported by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy(UPS),which indicates a fully oxidized shell layer for the particles studied by *** plasmonic properties of the produced spherical Ag@ZnO core@shell particles are investigated by two-photon photoelectron(2PPE)*** excitation of the localized surface plasmon resonance in Ag at around 3 eV,plasmonic enhancement leads to the liberation of electrons with high kinetic *** is observed for both Ag and Ag@ZnO particles,showing that even if a Ag cluster is covered by the ZnO layer,a plasmonic enhancement can be observed by photoelectron spectroscopy.

关键词： nanoparticle helium droplet plasmonics photoelectrons

Nanolaminate-based design for UV laser mirror coatings

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 1820-1825页

作者： Meiping Zhu Nuo Xu Behshad Roshanzadeh STPBoyd wolfgang Rudolph Yingjie Chai Jianda Shao Laboratory of Thin Film Optics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310024China Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power Laser Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Department of Physics and Astronomy University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 87131USA CREOL The College of Optics and PhotonicsUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL 32816USA

With ever-increasing laser power,the requirements for ultraviolet(UV)coatings increase *** fundamental challenge for UV laser-resistant mirror coatings is to simultaneously exhibit a high reflectivity with a large bandwidth and high laser *** characteristics are traditionally achieved by the deposition of laser-resistant layers on highly reflective *** propose a“reflectivity and laser resistance in one”design by using tunable nanolaminate layers that serve as an effective layer with a high refractive index and a large optical *** Al_(2)O_(3)-HfO_(2) nanolaminate-based mirror coating for UV laser applications is experimentally demonstrated using ebeam *** bandwidth,over which the reflectance is >99.5%,is more than twice that of a traditional mirror with a comparable overall *** laser-induced damage threshold is increased by a factor of ~1.3 for 7.6 ns pulses at a wavelength of 355 *** tunable,nanolaminate-based new design strategy paves the way toward a new generation of UV coatings for high-power laser applications.

关键词： tunable mirror reflectivity

Skeletal endocrinology: where evolutionary advantage meets disease

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Bone Research 2021年第3期9卷 303-312页

作者： Nikolai Jaschke wolfgang Sipos Lorenz C.Hofbauer Tilman D.Rachner Martina Rauner Department of Medicine III&Center for Healthy Aging Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany Clinical Department for Farm Animals University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria

The regulation of whole-body homeostasis by the skeleton is mediated by its capacity to secrete endocrine signaling *** bone-derived hormones confer several adaptive benefits,their physiological functions also involve trade-offs,thus eventually contributing to *** this manuscript,we discuss the origins and functions of two of the best-studied skeletal mediators,fibroblast growth factor 23 and osteocalcin,in an evolutionary ***,we provide a theoretical framework seeking to explain the broad involvement of these two hormones in amniote physiology as well as their potential to fuel the development and progression of *** versa,we outline which perturbations might be amenable to manipulation of these systems and discuss limitations and ongoing challenges in skeletal endocrine ***,we summarize unresolved questions and potential future studies in this thriving field.

关键词： involvement evolutionary eventually