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Determinants of Farmers’ Perception of Climate Change: A Case Study from the Coastal Region of Bangladesh

American Journal of Climate Change 2017年第1期6卷 151-165页

作者： Mohammed Nasir Uddin wolfgang bokelmann Emily Shea Dunn Department of Agricultural Extension Education Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) Mymensingh Bangladesh Division of Economic of Horticultural Production Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture Humboldt University of Berlin (HUB) Berlin Germany Department of Agribusiness College of Food and Agriculture United Arab Emirates University Al Ain United Arab Emirates

Socio-economic conditions of farmers, especially in the coastal region in Bangladesh, have been severely affected because of climate change. This study was focused on analyzing the farmers’ perception of climate change by examining three vital issues: (1) description of the socioeconomic characteristics of farmers;(2) reporting on the perception of farmers experiences with climatic change;and (3) identification of the socio-economic factors associated with farmers’ perception of climate change. The study area encompasses three villages within the coastal region (Sathkhira district) of Bangladesh, a geographic region where climate change literature has highlighted as prone to accelerated degradation. A logit model, along with weighted indexes for ranking and descriptive statistics, was used to analyze the result of 100 farmers surveyed by questionnaire. We found that the majority of the farmers (88%) perceived changes in climatic conditions. Almost all farmers indicated increases in temperature, droughts, floods, cyclones, salinity level and decreasing rainfall over the last 20 years. The logit model explained that out of the nine factors surveyed;education, family size, farm size, family income, farming experiences and training received were significantly related and influential factors to perception of climate change. Therefore, government and non-governmental organizations are recommended to push forward with interventions, especially focusing on identified factors, in order to strengthen the farmers’ capacity to battle against climate change effects.

关键词： Determinants Farmers Perception Climate Change Coastal Region Bangladesh

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Coping with Shocks and Determinants among Indigenous Vegetable Smallholder Farmers in Kenya

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Agricultural Sciences 2018年第7期9卷 804-823页

作者： Evans Ngenoh Sindu W. Kebede Hillary K. Bett wolfgang bokelmann Department of Agricultural Economics Humboldt University of Berlin Berlin Germany Department of Agricultural Economics and Business Management Egerton University Nakuru Kenya

Farm households in developing countries are faced with various challenges one of which is occurrence of unexpected negative events namely shocks. Shocks could be caused by extreme adverse natural events (droughts, storms, flood, and landslides) and market-related events (fuel, food, input and output price fluctuations, volatilities and price hikes). Most of these shocks affect production systems, food markets and local economies, all of which have direct effects on food security. This study explores the prevalence of shocks among indigenous vegetable farmers in Kenya followed by an assessment of the type of coping strategies in response to these shocks. We find that over two thirds of farmers have coping strategies that are not based on market-related insurance mechanisms;rather they use strategies such as working for more hours and selling assets. We analyze which socioeconomic and institutional factors determine households’ decision and extent of coping with shocks. The results showed that access to high-value markets and market information were the major factors informing their decision and extent of using coping strategies along with access to critical services such as credit, extension, and farmer groups. This has significant policy implications regarding the dissemination of information and promotion of credit markets through mobile phone-based platforms for easy accessibility in remote rural areas. Social capital should be encouraged because it acts as a necessary and sufficient conduit for information dissemination and mutual support to help farmers’ access critical services and resources needed for successful and sustainable implementation of relevant and appropriate coping strategies.

关键词： Shocks Coping Strategies Household Welfare Smallholders Kenya

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三分量地震台阵的多重小波分析:在加州皮尼翁平地有效各向异性测量中的应用

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世界地震译丛 2001年第4期32卷 23-35页

作者： L.K.Bear G.L.Pavlis G.H.R.bokelmann 刘志远中国地震局地震数据信息中心

研制并应用一种新技术来确定三分量地震台阵数据的台阵平均质点运动。这种方法基于多斜率谱法延伸的多重小波,是傅里叶法和台阵处理时域法的混合。质点运动由时域主分量法求出。对集中在多个矩阵中小波的交换信号(每个矩阵一个小波)进... 详细信息

研制并应用一种新技术来确定三分量地震台阵数据的台阵平均质点运动。这种方法基于多斜率谱法延伸的多重小波,是傅里叶法和台阵处理时域法的混合。质点运动由时域主分量法求出。对集中在多个矩阵中小波的交换信号(每个矩阵一个小波)进行复杂的奇异值分解。利用每个矩阵最大奇异值的特征向量来估算各单独信号间的相位。我们求出各分量问的相对相位来估算台阵的平均质点运动椭圆。由于多重小波的冗余度和用于复平面内单个相位因子的 M 估量,使得运算程序更加稳定。此方法应用于1990年和1991年在加州度尼翁平地三分量台阵实验获得的数据。我们发现 P 波质点运动与纯纵波在各向同性介质中的运动差异很明显,响些方位角异常达40°。方位角变化的质点运动异常与频率有关,通常频率升高时异常大小也增加。在台阵深井孔内153m 和274 m 以下,传感器测量值图案与地表传感器值难以区分。数据与倾斜、横向各向司性介质(向西北倾斜30°,走向为70°的对称面)模型相符。我们认为其结果是3方面的影响叠加造成的:(1)花岗闪长岩基岩沿节理的优势风化弓i起的近地表各向异性。(2)与圣罗莎糜棱岩有关的结构和内在各向异性造成的大尺度各向异性。(3)近地表散射。

关键词：三分量地震台阵多重小波分析地壳各向异性测量

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