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Connecting Malfunctioning Glial Cells and Brain Degenerative Disorders

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2016年第3期14卷 155-165页

作者： Natalie Kaminsky ofer Bihari Sivan Kanner Ari Barzilai Department of Neurobiology George S.WiseFaculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv University Sagol School of Neuroscience Tel Aviv University

The DNA damage response（DDR） is a complex biological system activated by different types of DNA *** in certain components of the DDR machinery can lead to genomic instability disorders that culminate in tissue degeneration,premature aging,and various types of ***,malfunctioning DDR plays a role in the etiology of late onset brain degenerative disorders such as Parkinson＇s,Alzheimer＇s,and Huntington＇s *** many years,brain degenerative disorders were thought to result from aberrant neural *** we discuss the evidence that supports our novel hypothesis that brain degenerative diseases involve dysfunction of glial cells（astrocytes,microglia,and oligodendrocytes）.Impairment in the functionality of glial cells results in pathological neuro-glial interactions that,in turn,generate a ‘‘hostile＂ environment that impairs the functionality of neuronal *** events can lead to systematic neural demise on a scale that appears to be proportional to the severity of the neurological deficit.

关键词： DNA damage response Genomic instability Brain degenerative diseases Glial cells Astrocytes Microglia

Tailoring bacterial taxa for immune cell modulation

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2021年第5期10卷 686-688页

作者： ofer Margalit Ben Boursi Department of Oncology Sheba Medical CenterRamat GanIsrael Tel-Aviv University Tel-AvivIsrael Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA

The gut microbiota is being increasingly recognized as having a major role in modulating the immune system(1)and response to immunotherapy(2,3).Landmark preclinical studies have shown that gut microbiota transferred via fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)from humans or mice that have responded to immunotherapy enhanced the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 in recipient mice(2,3).Hence,the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy depends upon microbiota *** conclusion led to the initiation of several clinical trials in which FMT was used to overcome resistance to immunotherapy in human *** first two proof-of-concept clinical trials involved metastatic melanoma patients that were converted from immunotherapy-refractory to immunotherapy-responsive using FMT from durable responders to immunotherapy(4,5).

关键词： clinical immunotherapy immune

Smoke interacts with fire history to stimulate soil seed bank germination in Mediterranean woodlands

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第3期12卷 419-427页

作者： Neta Manela Ella Dagon Hagai Semesh ofer Ovadia Department of Life Sciences Ben-Gurion University of the Negev84105 Beer-ShevaIsrael Department of Environmental Sciences Tel-Hai CollegeUpper GalileeIsrael

Aims Fire has important consequences on vegetation *** fire-prone areas,natural selection favors plant species,characterized by a large soil seed bank,and that their germination is stimu-lated by *** seed germination stimulated by fire heat is common in the eastern Mediterranean Basin,only little is known about germination stimulation by *** examined the inter-active effect of aerosol smoke and fire history on the germina-ble soil seed bank(GSSB)community in eastern Mediterranean *** We collected soil samples from sites that have been subjected to different fire frequencies during the last four decades and exposed them to aerosol smoke,with or without *** document-ing the seed germination patterns characterizing these samples,we could test for changes in the abundance and richness of the germi-nable seeds in the *** Findings Total GSSB density was higher in sites that were burned more fre-quently during the last four *** to aerosol smoke increased the GSSB density,and this pattern was more pronounced in samples originating from sites burned more frequently,as well as among annual ***,exposing wet samples to aerosol smoke caused a significant reduction in GSSB density and *** results highlight the importance of exploring germination responses using intact soil samples,rather than synthetic seed ***,our findings emphasize the important role smoke plays in shaping post-fire succession processes in the Mediterranean Basin,mainly by stimulating the germination of annual species.

关键词： aerosol smoke Anagallis arvensis annuals historic fire regime Mediterranean ecosystems

The effects of temporal variation in soil carbon inputs on resource allocation in an annual plant

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第1期9卷 30-39页

作者： Hagai Shemesh Uri Ben-Yosef Stav Livne ofer Ovadia Department of Environmental Sciences Tel-Hai Academic CollegeUpper Galilee 12208Israel Department of Life Sciences Ben-Gurion University of the NegevPOB 653 Beer Sheva 8410501Israel

Aims Resource allocation in plants can be strongly affected by *** plant–plant interactions,terrestrial plants compete with the soil bacterial community over *** the bacterial communities cannot synthesize their own energy sources,they are dependent on external carbon *** the effect of overall amounts of carbon(added to the soil)on plant performance,the effect of fine scale temporal variation in soil carbon inputs on the bacterial biomass and its cascading effects on plant growth are largely *** hypothesize that continuous carbon supply(small temporal variance)will result in a relatively constant bacterial biomass that will effectively compete with plants for *** the other hand,carbon pulses(large temporal variance)are expected to cause oscillations in bacterial biomass,enabling plants temporal escape from competition and possibly enabling increased *** thus predicted that continuous carbon supply would increase root allocation at the expense of decreased reproductive *** also expected this effect to be noticeable only when sufficient nutrients were present in the *** Wheat plants were grown for 64 days in pots containing either sterilized or inoculated soils,with or without slow-release fertilizer,subjected to one of the following six carbon treatments:daily(1.5mg glucose),every other day(3mg glucose),4 days(6mg glucose),8 days(12mg glucose),16 days(24mg glucose)and no carbon *** Findings Remarkably,carbon pulses(every 2–16 days)led to increased reproductive allocation at the expense of decreased root allocation in plants growing in inoculated *** with our prediction,these effects were noticeable only when sufficient nutrients were present in the ***,soil inoculation in plants subjected to low nutrient availability resulted in decreased total plant *** interpret this to mean that when the amount of available nutrients is low,these nutrients are

关键词： resource allocation temporal variation soil carbon inputs immobilization microbial loop Triticum

Attosecond magnetization dynamics in non-magnetic materials driven by intense femtosecond lasers

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1959-1968页

作者： ofer Neufeld Nicolas Tancogne-Dejean Umberto De Giovannini Hannes Hübener Angel Rubio Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science Hamburg 22761Germany Universitàdegli Studi di Palermo Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica—Emilio SegrèPalermo I-90123Italy Center for Computational Quantum Physics(CCQ) The Flatiron InstituteNew YorkNY 10010USA

Irradiating solids with ultrashort laser pulses is known to initiate femtosecond timescale magnetization ***,sub-femtosecond spin dynamics have not yet been observed or ***,we explore ultrafast light-driven spin dynamics in a highly nonresonant strong-field *** state-of-the-art ab initio calculations,we predict that a nonmagnetic material can transiently transform into a magnetic one via dynamical extremely nonlinear spin-flipping processes,which occur on attosecond timescales and are mediated by cascaded multi-photon and spin–orbit *** are nonperturbative nonresonant analogs to the inverse Faraday effect,allowing the magnetization to evolve in very high harmonics of the laser frequency(*** up to the 42nd,oscillating at~100 attoseconds),and providing control over the speed of magnetization by tuning the laser power and ***,we show that even for linearly polarized driving,where one does not intuitively expect the onset of an induced magnetization,the magnetization transiently oscillates as the system interacts with *** response is enabled by transverse light-driven currents in the solid,and typically occurs on timescales of~500 attoseconds(with the slower femtosecond response suppressed).An experimental setup capable of measuring these dynamics through pump–probe transient absorption spectroscopy is *** results pave the way for attosecond regimes of manipulation of magnetism.

关键词： tuning transient dynamics

The effect of temporal variation in soil carbon inputs on interspecific plant competition

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第5期9卷 564-575页

作者： Stav Livne-Luzon Hagai Shemesh Osnat Gilor ofer Ovadia Department of Life Sciences Ben-Gurion University of the NegevPOB 653Beer Sheva 8410501Israel Department of Environmental Sciences Tel-Hai Academic CollegeUpper Galilee 12208Israel Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen-Gurion University of the NegevSede Boqer 84990Israel

Aims Release of carbon from plant roots initiates a chain of reactions involving the soil microbial community and microbial predators,eventually leading to nutrient enrichment,a process known as the‘microbial loop’.However,root exudation has also been shown to stimulate nutrient immobilization,thereby reducing plant *** mechanisms depend on carbon exudation,but generate two opposite soil nutrient *** suggest here that this difference might arise from temporal variation in soil carbon *** We examined how continuous and pulsed carbon inputs affect the performance of wheat(Triticum aestivum),a fast-growing annual,while competing with sage(Salvia officinalis),a slow-growing *** manipulated the temporal mode of soil carbon inputs under different soil organic matter(SOM)and nitrogen *** treatment included the following two carbon input modes:(i)Continuous:a daily release of minute amounts of glucose,and(ii)Pulsed:once every 3 days,a short release of high amounts of *** two carbon input modes differed only in the temporal dynamic of glucose,but not in total amount of glucose *** predicted that pulsed carbon inputs should result in nutrient enrichment,creating favorable conditions for the wheat *** FindingsCarbon addition caused a reduction in the sage total biomass,while increasing the total wheat *** SOM-poor soil without nitrogen and in SOM-rich soil with nitrogen,wheat root allocation was higher under continuous than under pulsed carbon *** an allocation shift is a common response of plants to reduced nutrient *** thus suggest that the continuous carbon supply stimulated the proliferation of soil microorganisms,which in turn competed with the plants over available soil *** fact that bacterial abundance was at its peak under this carbon input mode support this *** analyses indicated that besides the above described changes in plant biomas

关键词： competition exudation microbial loop nutrient immobilization

Searching for the emotional roots of breast cancer: A cross-disciplinary analysis integrating psychology, Chinese medicine, and oncology biomarkers

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2022年第1期20卷 57-64页

作者： ofer Baranovitch Meirav Wolff-Bar Meora Feinmesser Chen Sade-Zaltz Ilan Tsarfaty Victoria Neiman Integrative Unit Davidoff Cancer CenterRabin Medical CenterPetach Tikva 4941492Israel Maccabi Tivi(Maccabi Health Organization) Tel Aviv 6801294Israel Department of Pathology Rabin Medical CenterPetach Tikva 4941492Israel Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 6997801Israel Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 6997801Israel Institute of Oncology Davidoff Cancer CenterRabin Medical CenterPetach Tikva 4941492Israel

Objective: We employed a multidisciplinary approach incorporating theoretical ideas, clinical experience,psychology, physiology, traditional Chinese medicine(CM), modern practice of CM, and oncology to explore the effect of patients’ repression of negative emotions and traumatic events on breast cancer(BC) ***: BC female patients, older than 18 years of age, with available pathology reports who were treated at Rabin Medical Center were recruited. All participants completed questionnaires regarding medical history, behavioral tendencies, negative emotions, trauma, symptoms, and pathology(from a CM perspective). Data on tumor characteristics were collected from the pathology reports. The associations were examined using hierarchical binary logistic ***: A total of 155 BC patients were enrolled. The median age was 52 years, with a range of 26–79;95% were mothers;28% had estrogen receptor(ER)-negative BC, 52% had progesterone receptor(PR)-negative BC, 48% had human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative BC, and antigen Ki-67 ≥ 20%was reported for 52% of tumors. Statistically significant associations were found between the emotional markers(sense of motherhood failure, and lack of self-fulfillment), avoidance behavior, and physical symptoms that are related to emotional repression based on CM. Significant associations were also found between variables associated with physical symptoms of emotional repression, which involves the production and accumulation of non-substantial phlegm(i.e., ‘‘high-lipid Qi-like microscopic phlegm"),avoidance behavior which unconsciously uses ‘‘high-lipid Qi-like microscopic phlegm" in order to achieve emotional repression, and tumor parameters including tumor grade, PR status, and *** with higher levels of ‘‘high-lipid Qi-like microscopic phlegm" were more likely to have tumors with worse prognosis(PR-negative, higher grade, and higher Ki-67).Conclusion: We demonstrated a relationship between

关键词： Breast cancer Chinese medicine Negative emotions Repression Trauma Phlegm

Targeting PVR(CD155)and its receptors in anti-tumor therapy

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2019年第1期16卷 40-52页

作者： Paola Kučan Brlić Tihana Lenac Roviš Guy Cinamon Pini Tsukerman ofer Mandelboim Stipan Jonjić Center for Proteomics Faculty of MedicineUniversity of RijekaBraće Branchetta 2051000 RijekaCroatia Nectin Therapeutics Ltd. Hi-Tech Campus Givat RamPOB 3913591390 JerusalemIsrael The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology The Faculty of MedicineIMRICThe Hebrew University Medical SchoolJerusalemIsrael

Poliovirus receptor(PVR,CD155)has recently been gaining scientific interest as a therapeutic target in the field of tumor immunology due to its prominent endogenous and immune *** contrast to healthy tissues,PVR is expressed at high levels in several human malignancies and seems to have protumorigenic and therapeutically attractive properties that are currently being investigated in the field of recombinant oncolytic *** intriguingly,PVR participates in a considerable number of immunoregulatory functions through its interactions with activating and inhibitory immune cell *** functions are often modified in the tumor microenvironment,contributing to tumor ***,increasing evidence supports the rationale for developing strategies targeting these interactions,either in terms of checkpoint therapy(i.e.,targeting inhibitory receptors)or in adoptive cell therapy,which targets PVR as a tumor marker.

关键词： PVR tumor immunotherapy checkpoint TIGIT poliovirus

Seasonal fires shape the germinable soil seed bank community in eastern Mediterranean woodlands

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2022年第1期15卷 13-25页

作者： Neta Manela Hagai Shemesh Yagil Osem Yohay Carmel Chanoch Soref Anat Tsafrir ofer Ovadia Department of Life Sciences Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-ShevaIsrael The National Herbarium National Natural History CollectionsThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael Department of Environmental Sciences Tel-Hai CollegeQiryat ShemonaIsrael Department of Natural Resources Institute of Plant SciencesAgricultural Research OrganizationVolcani CenterRishon LeTsiyonIsrael Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael Judean Mountains Forest Region KKL Givat YeshiayahIsrael

We explored if and how seasonal fires interact with microhabitat type(*** Pistacia shrub,under Cistus shrub or a canopy gap)to influence the composition of the germinable soil seed bank(GSSB)community in a typical eastern Mediterranean *** conducted a field experiment,involving prescribed spring and autumn burns,and thereafter quantified the seed germination patterns using soil samples collected from both burned and adjacent unburned control *** temperature was significantly higher during autumn burns,while being more variable during spring *** caused overall reductions in GSSB density,richness and *** reductions in GSSB richness and diversity were significantly stronger under Pistacia and Cistus shrubs located within plots subjected to autumn burns,and these patterns were mainly evident among *** density of dwarf shrubs was higher in samples collected from burned plots,and this pattern was more pronounced in samples collected under Pistacia and Cistus *** with the appearance of unique species,seasonal fires led to significant changes in the composition of the GSSB *** results illustrate that seasonal fires interact with spatial heterogeneity to influence the composition of the GSSB community mostly via differential effects on the germination densities of annuals and dwarf *** findings imply that the increase in the frequency of seasonal fires,which has occurred in the eastern Mediterranean basin during the last few decades,may translate into a shift in eco-evolutionary selection pressures,operating on plants inhabiting this unique ecosystem.

关键词： fire season germination Mediterranean woodlands microhabitat soil seed bank