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Integrated Debris Flow Disaster Mitigation—A Comprehensive Method for Debris Flow Disaster Mitigation

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Journal of Mountain Science 2007年第4期4卷 293-308页

作者： H. wolfgang Weinmeister University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna Institute of Mountain Risk Engineering (IAN) Gentzgasse 10/6/7 A-1180 Vienna Austria

Integrated disaster mitigation needs interpreting torrent catchment areas as complex landscape systems. The history of valley-evolution shows the influence of climate and vegetation on the valley-evolution. The energy-concept (energy dissipation concept including the idea of the energy-line) is used for a simple explanation of debris flow. Examples of heavy debris flow disasters in controlled torrents in the Alps and Pyrenees give hints, which expanding the time scale can show that side-effects restrict or counteract the mitigation measures. A pallet of different mitigation measures to avoid or to reduce some of the side-effects is shown. The comprehensive method of disaster mitigation also includes the effect of vegetation. The pallet includes: avoiding hazards (hazard mapping, warning and alarming), appropriate land use and avoiding disaster-enhancing measures in the landscape and technical measures, which take into account their side-effects. The energy line is used as simple design theory. The Jiu-Jitsu Principle is explained too. With this comprehensive method a more sustainable reduction of disasters seems possible.

关键词： Torrent complex system energyconcept energy dissipation energy line vegetation integrated debris flow counter-measure disaster mitigation

Upstream-downstream linkages of hydrological processes in the Himalayan region

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Ecological Processes 2014年第1期3卷 51-66页

作者： Santosh Nepal wolfgang-Albert Flugel Arun Bhakta Shrestha International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development(ICIMOD) KathmanduNepal Department of Geoinformatics Hydrology and ModellingFriedrich Schiller UniversityJena(FSU-Jena)Germany

Understanding the upstream-downstream linkages in hydrological processes is essential for water resources planning in river *** there are many studies of individual aspects of these processes in the Himalayan region,studies along the length of the basins are *** study summarizes the present state of knowledge about linkages in hydrological processes between upstream and downstream areas of river basins in the Himalayan region based on a literature *** paper studies the linkages between the changes in the physical environment of upstream areas(land use,snow storage,and soil erosion)and of climate change on the downstream water availability,flood and dry season flow,and erosion and *** is argued that these linkages are complex due to the extreme altitudinal range associated with the young and fragile geology,extreme seasonal and spatial variation in rainfall,and diversity of anthropogenic *** on the findings,the paper concludes that integrated systems analysis is required to understand the holistic complexity of upstream-downstream linkages of hydrological processes in the river basin *** integrated land and water resources management(ILWRM)approach can be instrumental in developing adaptive solutions to problems and can also enable stakeholders of upstream and downstream areas with various interests and needs to work together for the better utilization and management of land and water *** a part of this,the specific circumstances of the upstream communities,who live in fragile and inaccessible mountain areas with limited resource opportunities,should be taken into account so that incentive mechanisms can be established to encourage and acknowledge their contribution.

关键词： Integrated land and water resources management Himalayan region Integrated systems analysis Geoinformatics Physical linkages Value of environmental services

Univariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors for severe clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea: Importance of co-morbidity and serum C-reactive protein

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第27期14卷 4338-4341页

作者： Christian Hardt Thomas Berns wolfgang Treder Franz Ludwig Dumoulin Department of Medicine Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Bonn Department of Surgery St.-Agnes-Hospital Bocholt Münster Center for Laboratory Diagnostics

AIM: To investigate risk factors for severe clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea (CDAD) in hospitalised patients. METHODS: We analysed risk factors for severe CDAD (associated with systemic signs of hypovolemia) in 124 hospitalised patients by retrospective chart review. RESULTS: Severe CDAD was present in 27 patients (22%). Statistical analysis showed a significant association with a higher 30-d mortality (33% vs 4%, P < 0.001) and a higher proportion of longer hospital stay exceeding 14 d (74% vs 52%, P = 0.048). Charlson co-morbidity score (OR 1.29 for 1 point increment, P < 0.05) and serum C-reactive protein at diagnosis (OR 1.15 for 10 mg/L increment, P < 0.001) were independent predictors of severe CDAD. CONCLUSION: Patients with a severe level of co- morbidity and high serum C-reactive protein levels at the time of diagnosis should receive particular attention.

关键词： Clostridium difficile Nosocomial diarrhoea Co-morbidity C-reactive protein 30-day mortality

Analysis of the human Atox 1 homologue in Wilson patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第15期14卷 2383-2387页

作者： Isabel Simon Mark Schaefer Jürgen Reichert wolfgang Stremmel Department of Gastroenterology University of HeidelbergGermany

AIM: To analyze the metallochaperone antioxidant-1 (Atox1) gene sequence in Wilson disease patients. METHODS: Mutation analysis of the four exons of the Atox1 gene including the intron- exon boundaries was performed in 63 Wilson disease patients by direct sequencing. RESULTS: From 63 selected patients no mutations were identified after the entire coding region including the intron- exon boundaries of Atox1 were sequenced. One known polymorphism within the Atox1 gene (5’UTR -99 T>C) in 31 (49%) of the Wilson patients as well as one previously undescribed variation (5’UTR -68 C>T) in 2 of the Wilson patients could be detected. Statistical analyses revealed that the existence of a variation within the Atox1- gene showed a tendency towards an earlier onset of the disease. CONCLUSION: Based on the data of this study, no major role can be attributed to Atox1 in the pathophysiology or clinical variation of Wilson disease.

关键词： Antioxidant-1 Wilson disease Wilson's disease protein Mutation analysis

Lithocholic acid induction of the FGF19 promoter in intestinal cells is mediated by PXR

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第31期13卷 4230-4235页

作者： wolfgang Wistuba Carsten Gnewuch Gerhard Liebisch Gerd Schmitz Thomas Langmann Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine University of Regensburg Regensburg 93053 Germany

To study the effect of the toxic secondary bile acid lithocholic acid （LCA） on the expression of fibroblast growth factor 19 （FGF19） in intestinal cells and to characterize the pregnane-X-receptor （PXR） response of the FGF19 promoter region. METHODS： The intestinal cell line LS174T was stimulated with various concentrations of chenodeoxy- cholic acid and lithocholic acid for several time points. FGF19 mRNA levels were determined with quantitative realtime RT-PCR. FGF19 deletion promoter constructs were generated and the LCA response was analzyed in reporter assays. Co-transfections with PXR and RXR were carried out to study FGF19 regulation by these factors, RESULTS： LCA and CDCA strongly up-regulate FGF19 mRNA expression in LS174T cells in a time and dose dependent manner. Using reporter gene assays with several deletion constructs we found that the LCA responsive element in the human FGF19 promoter maps to the proximal regulatory region containing two poten- tial binding sites for PXR. Overexpression of PXR and its dimerization partner retinoid X receptor （RXR） and stimulation with LCA or the potent PXR ligand rifampicin leads to a significant induction of FGF19 promoter activ- ity in intestinal cells. CONCLUSION： LCA induced feedback inhibition of bile acid synthesis in the liver is likely to be regulated by PXR inducing intestinal FGF19 expression.

关键词： Pregnane X receptor Detoxification Fibroblast growth factor 19 Lithocholic acid

Imaging disturbance zones ahead of a tunnel by elastic full-waveform inversion:Adjoint gradient based inversion *** space reduction using a level-set method

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Underground Space 2018年第1期3卷 21-33页

作者： Andre Lamert Luan T.Nguyen wolfgang Friederich Tamara Nestorovic Seismology Institute of GeologyMineralogy and GeophysicsRuhr-Uniersity BochumGermany Reservoir Engineering and Rock Physics International Geothermal CenterBochuon University of Applied SciencesGermany Mechanics of Adaptive Systems Institute of Computational EngineeringRudhr-Umiversity BochumGermany

We present and compare twoﬂexible and effective methodologies to predict disturbance zones ahead of underground tunnels by using elastic full-waveform *** methodology uses a linearized,iterative approach based on misﬁt gradients computed with the adjoint method while the other uses iterative,gradient-free unscented Kalmanﬁltering in conjunction with a level-set *** the former does not involve a priori assumptions on the distribution of elastic properties ahead of the tunnel,the latter intro-duces a massive reduction in the number of explicit model parameters to be inverted for by focusing on the geometric form of potential disturbances and their average elastic *** imaging methodologies are validated through successful reconstructions of simple *** an application,we consider an elastic multiple disturbance *** using identical synthetic time-domain seismo-grams as test data,we obtain satisfactory,albeit different,reconstruction results from the two inversion *** computa-tional costs of both approaches are of the same order of magnitude,with the gradient-based approach showing a slight *** model parameter space reduction approach compensates for this by additionally providing a posteriori estimates of model parameter uncertainty.

关键词： Tunnel seismics Full waveform inversion Seismic waves Level-set method Adjoint method Kalman filter

Using machine learning and a data-driven approach to identify the small fatigue crack driving force in polycrystalline materials

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npj Computational Materials 2018年第1期4卷 363-372页

作者： Andrea Rovinelli Michael D.Sangid Henry Proudhon wolfgang Ludwig School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Purdue University701W.Stadium AveWest LafayetteIN 47907USA MINES ParisTech PSL Research UniversityMAT-Centre des matériauxCNRS UMR 7633BP 8791003 EvryFrance University of Lyon INSA LyonMATEISUMR 5510 CNRSF-69621 LYONFrance

The propagation of small cracks contributes to the majority of the fatigue lifetime for structural *** significant interest,criteria for the growth of small cracks,in terms of the direction and speed of crack advancement,have not yet been *** this work,a new approach to identify the microstructurally small fatigue crack driving force is *** network and machine learning techniques are utilized to identify relevant micromechanical and microstructural variables that influence the direction and rate of the fatigue crack propagation.A multimodal dataset,combining results from a high-resolution 4D experiment of a small crack propagating in situ within a polycrystalline aggregate and crystal plasticity simulations,is used to provide training *** relevant variables form the basis for analytical expressions thus representing the small crack driving force in terms of a direction and a rate *** ability of the proposed expressions to capture the observed experimental behavior is quantified and compared to the results directly from the Bayesian network and from fatigue metrics that are common in the *** indicate that the direction of small crack propagation can be reliably predicted using the proposed analytical model and compares more favorably than other fatigue metrics.

关键词： fatigue crack driving

Magnetic Properties of Tree Leaves and Their Significance in Atmospheric Particle Pollution in Linfen City,China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2013年第1期23卷 59-72页

作者： YIN Gang HU Shouyun CAO Liwan wolfgang ROESLER Erwin APPEL State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute for Geosciences University of Tübingen

Fifty-one tree leaves were sampled in the industrial area,residential area,and Fenhe River ecological zone,for the purpose of a magnetic study on atmospheric pollution in Linfen City,Shanxi Province,*** of mass-specific magnetic susceptibility(χ) show a significant variation range(from 11.6 × 10-8 m3/kg to 129.7 × 10-8 m3/kg).Overall values of magnetic susceptibility decline in the following sequence:industrial area > residential area > Fenhe River ecological *** relatively elevated concentration-related magnetic parameters(saturation isothermal remanent magnetization,anhysteretic remanent magnetization and magnetic susceptibility) appear in the industrial area,with their highest values in the vicinity of Linfen Steel *** particles are dominated by multidomain,magnetite-like *** particle concentration and grain size both decrease with the increasing distance from industrial area,indicating the industrial area,especially Linfen Steel Mill,is the main source of atmospheric particle *** area and Fenhe River ecological zone are also affected by industrial emission to a certain *** results of this study indicate that magnetic measurements of tree leaves are practicable for monitoring and determination of atmospheric pollution in Linfen City.

关键词： tree leaves environmental magnetism atmospheric particulate matter environmental pollution Linfen City China

Fuzzy topological relations between fuzzy spatial objects

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测绘科学 2006年第S1期31卷 64-68页

作者：唐新明 wolfgang Kainz 中国测绘科学研究院地理空间信息工程国家测绘局重点实验室 Cartography and Geoinformation Department of Geography and Regional Research University of Vienna Universit tsstrasse 7A-1010 ViennaAustria

Fuzziness is an internal property of spatial *** to model fuzziness of a spatial object is a main task of next generation *** paper proposes basic fuzzy spatial object types based on fuzzy *** object types are the natural extension of current nonfuzzy spatial object types.A fuzzy cell complex structure is defined for modeling fuzzy regions,lines and ***,fuzzy topological relations between these fuzzy spatial objects are formalized based on the 9intersection *** model can be implemented for GIS applications due to its scientific theory basis.

关键词： GIS fuzzy topological relations fuzzy spatial objects