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Investigation of the immune effects of Scutellaria baicalensis on blood leukocytes and selected organs of the chicken＇s lymphatic system

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第3期8卷 601-612页

作者： Bozena Kroliczewska Stanislaw Graczyk Jaroslaw Kroliczewski Aleksandra Pliszczak-Krol Dorota Mista wojciech Zawadzki Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences C.K Norwida 31 50-375 Wrodaw Poland Department of Immunology Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Wrodaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences Wrodaw Poland Department of Chemical Biology Faculty of Biotechnology University of Wroclaw Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a 50-383 Wroclaw Poland

Background： The health of chickens and the welfare of poultry industry are central to the efforts of addressing global food security. Therefore, it is essential to study chicken immunology to maintain and improve its health and to find novel and sustainable solutions. This paper presents a study on investigation of the effect of Scutellaria baicalensis root（SBR） on the immune response of broiler chicken, especially on lymphocytes and heterophils reactivity, regarding their contribution to the development of immunity of the ***： The 121-day-old Hubbard Hi-Y male broiler hybrids were randomly assigned to four treatment groups,three SBR supplemented groups（0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% of SBR） and one control group. Each treatment was replicated five times with six birds per replicate pen in a battery brooder. Blood was collected after 3-（rd） and 6-（th）wk of the experiment, and hemoglobin and hematocrit values were determined, as well as total leukocyte count and differential count were performed. Nitroblue tetrazolium test and phagocytosis assay as nonspecific immune parameters and humoral immune responses to the antigenic challenge by sheep red blood cells were ***, the ability of peripheral blood lymphocytes to form radial segmentation（RS） of their nuclei was *** weight and relative weight of spleen, liver, and bursa of Fabricius were ***： Results showed that mean heterophile/lymphocyte ratio increased in the SBR groups compared to the control group and the blood of the chickens showed lymphocytic depletion. The results also demonstrated that the relative weight of bursa of Fabricius and spleen in groups fed with SBR significantly decreased compared to the control group. This study also showed that the addition of SBR significantly inhibited the formation of RS of nuclei compared to some cytotoxic ***： We found that SBR supplementation should be carefully evaluated when given to poultry. The excess intake of

关键词： Development of immune organs Leukocyte Lymphatic system Radial segmentation Scutellaria baicalensis Toxic effect

Effect of the C:N:P ratio on the denitrifying dephosphatation in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor(SBBR)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第12期27卷 119-125页

作者： Artur Mielcarek Joanna Rodziewicz wojciech Janczukowicz Arthur J.Thornton Tomasz Józwiak Paula Szymczyk University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Department of Environment Engineering ul. Warszawska 117a Olsztyn 10-719 Poland. Atkins Woodcote Grove Ashley Road Epsom KT18 United Kingdom

A series of investigations were conducted using sequencing batch biofilm reactor（SBBR） to explore the influence of C：N：P ratio on biological dephosphatation including the denitrifying dephosphatation and the denitrification *** in the reactor occurred mainly in the form of a biofilm attached to completely submerged *** acid was used as the source of organic carbon.C：N：P ratios have had a significant effect on the profiles of phosphate release and phosphate uptake and nitrogen *** highest rates of phosphate release and phosphate uptake were recorded at the C：N：P ratio of 140：70：*** C：N ratio of 2.5：1 ensured complete *** highest rate of denitrification was achieved at the C：N：P ratio of 140：35：*** increase of nitrogen load caused an increase in phosphates removal until a ratio C：N：P of 140：140：*** of the biofilm exposed to alternate conditions of mixing and aeration exhibited enhanced intracellular accumulation of ***,the structure of the biofilm encouraged anaerobic-aerobic as well as anoxic-anaerobic and absolutely anaerobic conditions in a *** heterogeneous conditions in the presence of nitrates may be a significant factor determining the promotion of denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organism（DNPAO） development.

关键词： Wastewater treatment Sequencing batch biofilm reactor Nitrogen and phosphorus removal Enhanced intracellular polyphosphate accumulation Denitrifying dephosphatation Denitrification and dephosphatation rates

Effect of scots pine forest management on soil properties and carabid beetle occurrence under post-fire environmental conditions——a case study from Central Europe

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第3期7卷 366-377页

作者： Ewa Błońska Bartłomiej Bednarz Magdalena Kacprzyk wojciech Piaszczyk Jarosław Lasota Department of Ecology and Forest Silviculture Faculty of ForestryUniversity of Agriculture in KrakowAl.29-go Listopada 4631-425KrakówPoland Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection Faculty of ForestryUniversity of Agriculture in KrakowAl.29-go Listopada 4631-425KrakówPoland

Background: Fires have a fundamental impact on phytocoenoses and, depending on the size of the fire, can have a positive or negative effect. The role of fires in the formation of the species composition of plants, restoration of stands and changes in soil properties is well studied. However, the long-term relationship between forest management methods, soil properties and epigeic entomofauna assemblages in post-fire areas is still not clear. The effects of Scots pine stand management methods on biochemical soil properties and ground beetle assemblages in the largest post-fire area in Central Europe after the second World were investigated. The study was conducted in the Rudy Raciborskie Forest district in southern Poland. The soil properties and epigeic beetle community structure were analysed. The research covered areas with natural and artificial pine regeneration, which were subjected to various care ***: The tendency for higher accumulations of organic matter in the soil of stands that underwent natural regeneration was proven. The stimulating role of soil organic carbon on the activity of dehydrogenases in the soil of naturally renewed areas with silvicultural treatment(NRAT) was noted. Regardless of the manner of stand regeneration, the activity of β-glucosidase was higher in the areas in which breeding treatments were ***, managed forest stands presented a higher abundance of carabid beetles than stands without treatment practices. Thirteen epigeic beetle species from the families Geotrupidae, Carabidae, Curculionidae,Cerambycidae and Silphidae were captured, with beetles from the first two families being the most numerous. Rare epigeal carabid species in the fauna of Poland and Europe, such as Carabus glabratus(Paykull) and Carabus auronitens Fabr., found appropriate habitat conditions for survival in the post-fire areas. Compared with the other areas, in the NRAT area, there were better stand and soil properties and more fea

关键词： Stand treatment strategy Forest regeneration Enzyme activity Soil organic carbon Epigeic beetle assemblage structure

Toxicity studies of elemental sulfur in marine sediments

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2018年第2期33卷 191-197页

作者： Monika Cieszynska-Semenowicz Justyna Rogowska wojciech Ratajczyk Joanna Ratajczyk Lidia Wolska Department of Environmental Toxicology Faculty of Health Sciences Medical University of Gdansk

Elemental sulfur(ES) is a component essential for proper development of animals, but it can be toxic for aquatic organisms. The objectives of the study reported here included determination of ES concentrations in sediment collected in the area of the Gulf of Gdansk(Baltic Sea) and search for the possible correlations with the ecotoxicity results. Sediment samples were collected from four locations: the Vistula River mouth, in the Port Basin, in the area of discharge of the treated wastewater from the Wastewater Treatment Plant(WWTP) and in the area of the sunken World War Ⅱ s/s 'Stuttgart' shipwreck. The levels of elemental sulfur were determined using a gas chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometer(GC-MS). Toxicity of marine sediment samples was estimated for three biotest organisms-bioluminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri, crustacean Heterocypris incongruens, and Synapis alba plant. The highest toxicity of sediments for all indicator organisms was observed in samples taken at the place of the shipwreck(2-100%). The same samples had a high sulfur content(16.7-143.2 μg/g dry weight(d.w.))therefore, it was decided to investigate whether the presence of ES in the sediment in the studied area can have an impact on the results of the ecotoxicity determination in real samples. However, the removal of sulfur from the samples resulted in no significant changes in the level of toxicity of the samples. In this research it could not be confirmed that the presence of elemental sulfur is the only factor responsible for the observed sediment toxicity. It seems that other compounds or their mixtures present in the sediment may have a significant influence on the results obtained.

关键词： Elemental sulfur(ES) Ecotoxicity Sediment Aquatic environment

Experimental and computational study of smoke dynamics from multiple fire sources inside a large-volume building

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Building Simulation 2021年第4期14卷 1147-1161页

作者： Gabriele Vigne wojciech Węgrzyński Alexis Cantizano Pablo Ayala Guillermo Rein Cándido Gutiérrez-Montes Fluid Dynamics Division of the Department of Mining and Mechanical Engineering Universidad de JaénJaénSpain Institute for Research in Technology ICAIUniversidad Pontificia ComillasMadridSpain Building Research Institute(ITB) WarsawPoland Imperial College London LondonUK JVVA Fire&Risk MadridSpain

Fire in large-volume buildings poses separate and distinct challenges from compartmented *** particular,the risk it poses on life safety is mostly due to the smoke it produces,its effects on the evacuation process,and how it can affect the firefighters when they approach the building to fight the fire and rescue the *** is why smoke control in large-volume enclosures is of utter importance for life safety,property protection and business *** research presents an experimental and numerical study of the smoke dynamics from four fire sources(combined heat release rate of 5.2 MW)with different ignition times and under transient ventilation conditions,inside a 20 m high cubic *** measurements in the plume and close to the walls have been recorded using 59 *** data was used in the determination of the smoke layer interface height,with the least-square and the N-Percent *** show that significantly worse conditions are induced by multiple sources than those in a single fire of equal *** results have been obtained using the computational fluid dynamics code FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator,v6.7.1).The comparison shows that in the far field the temperature predictions are accurate inside the smoke layer(10 m and 15 m)with discrepancies lower than 10%,whereas higher significant discrepancies were observed at the smoke layer interface,i.e.5 m high,with discrepancies up to 20%.Furthermore,a grid analysis has been performed showing that grid resolutions,D*/δ,based on the global HRR of the fire might be sufficient to predict the fire induced conditions far from the *** analysis confirmed the applicability of FDS to the assessment of the smoke dynamics under complex fire conditions away from ***,the present work shows the importance of considering fires with multiple sources due to the faster smoke production compared with single fires.

关键词： experiments simulation fire buildings FDS CFD

Comparison of the standard Euler-Euler and hybrid Euler-Lagrange approaches for modeling particle transport in a pilot-scale circulating fluidized bed

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Particuology 2014年第4期12卷 129-137页

作者： wojciech P.Adamczyk Adam Klimanek Ryszard A.Biaecki Gabriel Wecel Pawe Kozolub Tomasz Czakiert Institute of Thermal Technology Silesian University of Technology44-100 GliwiceKonarskiego 22Poland Institute of Advanced Energy Technologies Czestochowa University of TechnologyCzestochowaPoland

Particle transport phenomena in small-scale circulating fiuidized beds （CFB） can be simulated using the Euler-Euler, discrete element method, and Euler-Lagrange approaches. In this work, a hybrid Euler-Lagrange model known as the dense discrete phase model （DDPM）, which has common roots with the multiphase particle-in-cell model, was applied in simulating particle transport within a mid-sized experimental CFB facility. Implementation of the DDPM into the commercial ANSYS Fluent CFD package is relatively young in comparison with the granular Eulerian model. For that reason, validation of the DDPM approach against experimental data is still required and is addressed in this paper. Additional difficulties encountered in modeling fluidization processes are connected with long calculation times. To reduce times, the complete boiler models are simplified to include just the combustion chamber. Such simplifications introduce errors in the predicted solid distribution in the boiler. To investigate the conse- quences of model reduction, simulations were made using the simplified and complete pilot geometries and compared with experimental data. All simulations were performed using the ANSYSFLUENT 14.0 package. A set of user defined functions were used in the hybrid DDPM and Euler-Euler approaches to recirculate solid particles.

关键词： Particle Multiphase flow CFD Particulate processes CFB Fluidized bed

Numerical approach for modeling particle transport phenomena in a closed loop of a circulating fluidized bed

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Particuology 2016年第6期14卷 69-79页

作者： wojciech P. Adamczyk Pawel Kozolub Grzegorz Kruczek Monika Pilorz Adam Klimanek Tomasz Czakiert Gabriel Wecel Institute of Thermal Technology Silesian University of Technology Gliwice Poland AMEC Foster Wheeler Staszica 31 41-200 Sosnowiee Poland Institute of Advanced Energy Technologies Czestochowa University of Technology Czestochowa Poland

Numerical modeling of a large scale circulating fiuidized bed （CFB） imposes many complexities and difficulties. Presence of a dense solid phase, a variety of spatial and time scales as well as complex model geometries requires advanced numerical techniques. Moreover, the appropriate selection of a numerical model capable of solving granular flow, and geometrical model simplification can have a huge impact on the predicted flow field within the CFB boiler. In order to reduce the cost of the numerical simulations, the complex CFB boiler geometry is reduced to that of the combustion chamber. However, a question arises as to bow much one can simplify the geometrical model without losing accuracy of numerical simulations. To accurately predict the gas-solid and solid-solid mixing processes within subsequent sections of the CFB boiler （combustion chamber, solid separator, drain section）, a complete 3D geometrical model should be used. Nevertheless, because of the presence of various spatial and temporal scales within subsequent boiler sections, the complete model of the 3D CFB boiler is practically unrealizable in numerical simulations. To resolve the aforementioned problems, this paper describes a new approach that can be applied for complete boiler modeling. The proposed approach enables complex particle transport and gas flow problems within each of the boiler sections to be accurately resolved, It has been achieved by dividing the CFB boiler geometry into several submodels, where different numerical approaches can be used to resolve gas-solid transport. The interactions between computational domains were taken into account by connecting the inlets/outlets of each section using a set of user-defined functions implemented into the solution procedure. The proposed approach ensures stable and accurate solution within the separated boiler zones.

关键词： Fluidization CFB Numerical modeling Multiphase flow Particle transport Cyclone

基于实际测量的BitTorrent协议（英文）

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China Communications 2013年第11期10卷 107-118页

作者： wojciech Mazurczyk Pawe Kopiczko Institute of Telecommunications Warsaw University of Technology

In this paper,we present the results of the BitTorrent measurement *** sources of BitTorrent data were utilised:metadata files and the logs of one of the currently most popular BitTorrent clientsμ*** data were collected for fifteen days from the popular torrent-discovery site ***(more than 30 000 torrents were captured and analysed).During this period the activity and logs of an unmodified version ofμTorrent client downloading sessions were also *** obtained experimental results are swarm-oriented,which allows us to look at BitTorrent and its users from an exchanged resources ***,comparative analysis of the clients’connections with and without theμTP protocol is carried out to verify the extent to whichμTP improves BitTorrent *** the authors’best knowledge,none of the previous studies have addressed these issues.

关键词： BitTorrent 实际测量实验数据客户端数据文件组织结构荒漠化日志

Concentration-Dependent Solar Thermochemical CO_(2)/H_(2)O Splitting Performance by Vanadia-Ceria Multiphase Metal Oxide Systems

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Research 2020年第1期2020卷 522-533页

作者： Asim Riaz Muhammad Umair Ali T.Gabriel Enge Takuya Tsuzuki Adrian Lowe wojciech Lipinski Research School of Electrical Energy and Materials EngineeringThe Australian National UniversityCanberra ACT 2601Australia Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Research School of Earth Sciences The Australian National UniversityCanberra ACT 2601Australia

The effects of V and Ce concentrations(each varying in the 0-100%range)in vanadia-ceria multiphase systems are investigated for synthesis gas production via thermochemical redox cycles of CO_(2) and H_(2)O splitting coupled to methane partial oxidation *** oxidation of prepared oxygen carriers is performed by separate and sequential CO_(2) and H_(2)O splitting *** and chemical analyses of the mixed-metal oxides revealed important information about the Ce and V interactions affecting their crystal phases and redox *** CeO_(2) and pure V_(2)O_(5) are found to offer the lowest and highest oxygen exchange capacities and syngas production performance,*** mixed-oxide systems provide a balanced performance:their oxygen exchange capacity is up to 5 times higher than that of pure CeO_(2) while decreasing the extent of methane *** addition of 25%V to CeO_(2) results in an optimum mixture of CeO_(2) and CeVO4 for enhanced CO_(2) and H_(2)O *** higher V concentrations,cyclic carbide formation and oxidation result in a syngas yield higher than that for pure CeO_(2).

关键词： pure methane splitting