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Evaluating Water Scarcity Indices for Cultivation Region in Sadat Al-Hindya, Babylon, Iraq: A Case Study

Engineering（科研） 2023年第10期15卷 647-662页

作者： Ali Hassan Hommadi Nadhir Abbas Al-Ansari Ahmed Al Obaidy wissam k. obied Rafat N. Abdul-Ghni Sawan Ali Abed National Center for Water Resources management Ministry of Water Resources Baghdad Iraq Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden Seneca Polytechnic Toronto Canada College of Science University of Al-Qadisiyah Diwaniyah Iraq

The study evaluated the Water Scarcity Indices for Cultivation Region in Sadat Al-Hindya, Babylon, Iraq. It calculated the reference evapotranspiration, actual evapotranspiration, and amount of precipitation with effective rainfall to estimate the droughts indicators which are the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI), the Standard Precipitation and Evaporation Rain Index (SPEI) and Reconnaissance Drought Index RDI. The study indicated that the greatest decrease in river flow occurred from 2019-2021 to 2020-2021 due to increasing temperature in summer and decreasing precipitation in winter. This research evaluated a wet and drought indicating for planning and management of water resources to face changes in climate of future. The research showed the last years were years of drought according to the three indicators. SPI ranged from 0.5 to 1.5 in the rainy years, but it was -0.5 to -1 as moderately dry because in the middle of Iraq while in the south of Iraq was severely dry or extremely dry. SPEI of the study area ranged from -1.5 to -2.5 which means severely dry. The SPEI measures are negative values meaning the months and years were drier. RDi ranged from 0 to -1 was dry and moderately dry while some months and years are positive and will be wet through rainfall for ten years (2014-2023). From indices showed that the region was a drying study area due to the impact of climate change because of the reduction of precipitation and increase in temperature which caused a rise of evapotranspiration during the last few years.

关键词： Drought Indices Evapotranspiration Precipitation Climate Change

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Structural and electrical investigation of BLT films deposited at different times using electron beam evaporation technique

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Optoelectronics Letters 2023年第6期19卷 347-352页

作者： Bassam Abdallah Fareza Nasrallah Asmahan obied Department of Physics Atomic Energy CommissionP.O.Box 6091DamascusSyria

Thin films Bi_(4)Ti_(3)O_(12)(BLT) were deposited using electron beam evaporation on silicon substrate at several times,also on AlN/Si and SiO_(2)/Si *** films morphology and thick.ess were measured via scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The crystallography was studied using X-ray diffraction(XRD) technique for films which have a(0010) preferred orientation in all substrate *** capacitance values were contingent on frequency value in C-V *** ferroelectric characterization was investigated for BLT film deposited on isolator layer(SiO_(2) or AlN) for Al/Bi_(4)Ti_(3)O_(12)/SiO_(2)/Si *** effect value varied from 1 V to 3 V depending on the thin films isolator on substrate.

关键词： beam films ferroelectric

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Does Coronary Endarterectomy Increase Early Mortality and Morbidity Compared with Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Alone-Single Centre Experience

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2014年第5期5卷 197-205页

作者： Mohammed Alreshidan Mohammed Albabtain Hamoud obied Mohamed Alassal Abdulaziz Albaradai Fahad Alghofaili Cardiac Surgery Department Prince Salman Heart Centre (PSHC) King Fahad Medical City (KFMC) Riyadh KSA

Back.round: With increasing incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Saudi Arabia and its fatal co-morbidity, this has resulted in a more complex pool of cases referred to cardiac surgeons. In selected cases, achieving optimal revascularization of diffuse CAD necessitates adjunctive techniques such as coronary endarterectomy (CE). The aim of our study is to evaluate the early mortality and post-operative morbidity related to CE. Method: Retrospective study from Jan 2009 to Dec 2010. Inclusion of 186 patients: 38 patients had CABG with CE and 148 patients had CABG alone. Results: Pre-operative percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was higher in the CE with CABG group (25.8%) compared with CABG alone (8.9%) (p = 0.009). Intra-operative data showed a higher mean cardiopulmonary bypass time (CBT) of 160 minutes and a mean cross-clamp time (XCT) of 109 minutes in the CE with CABG, compared to a mean CBT of 129 minutes and a mean XCT of 87 minutes in the CABG alone group (p = 0.001). The most common vessel endarterectomized was left anterior descending artery (LAD) (47%) followed by right coronary artery (RCA) (22%). Post-operatively, the mortality amongst the CE with CABG group (7.9%) was higher than CABG only group (1.4%), however it wasn’t statistically significant (p = 0.06). With regards to morbidity, hemodynamic instability requiring intra aortic balloon pump (HIR-IABP) was higher in the CE with CABG group (10.5%) compared to the CABG only group (1.4%) (p = 0.018). Conclusion: Our study showed that CE when combined with CABG wasn’t associated with a higher mortality rate when compared with CABG alone.

关键词： CABG Coronary Endarterectomy Mortality Morbidity

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Incidence &Risk.Factors Associated with Carotid Disease in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery

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Open Journal of Thoracic Surgery 2014年第2期4卷 17-20页

作者： Hamoud obied Asim Miari Mohammed Alreshidan Fahad Alghofaili Mohammad Ibrahim Abdulaziz Albaradai Mohammed k.udieh Cardiac Surgery Department Prince Salman Heart Center Riyadh KSA

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the true incidence and the risk.factors associated with carotid disease in the sitting of high risk.patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) using carotid duplex scan and to find out if routine preoperative carotid duplex scan is needed among all these patients. Methods: This retrospective study included 402 consecutive patients who underwent bilateral carotid duplex scan admitted for CABG during the period from January 2006 to December 2008. We excluded patients in cardiogenic shock.who were tak.n to operating room emergently. Results: The prevalence of associated risk.factors showed diabetes mellitus recorded the highest (93.3%) whereas peripheral vascular disease the lowest (1.7%), hypertension (89.3%), dyslipidemia (72.6%), smok.r (21.1%), left main disease (4.7%), and previous strok. (3%). Patients undergoing CABG has high incidence of carotid disease (68.7%) and severe stenosis is more in patients aged 60 and above (13.5%) versus (2.3%) in age 60, previous strok. and left main disease). Conclusion: This study showed that carotid screening is recommended for all patients who are undergoing CABG due to high incidence of carotid disease.

关键词： Carotid Artery Disease Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Incidence Risk Factors Carotid Duplex Scan

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A Comparative k.netic Study on the Efficacious Permanganate Oxidation of Fluorenes in Perchloric and Sulfuric Acid Media

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Open Journal of Physical Chemistry 2017年第2期7卷 35-49页

作者： Rabab S. Jassas Ahmed Fawzy Rami J. obied Mohammed A. S. Abourehab Saleh A. Ahmed Chemistry Department Faculty of Applied Science Umm Al-Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Assiut University Assiut Egypt Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy Umm Al-Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy Minia University Minia Egypt

Oxidation k.netics of fluorene (Fl) and its halogenated derivatives, namely, 2,7-dichlorofluorene (Fl-Cl), 2,7-dibromofluorene (Fl-Br) and 2,7-diiodofluorene (Fl-I), by permanganate ion in both perchloric and sulfuric acid media have been investigated using conventional spectrophotometric technique. In both acidic media, the reactions manifested first order k.neticsin [permanganate] and less than unit order each in [reductants] and [acid]. Increasing ionic strength had no effect on the oxidation rates. Oxidation rates of fluorenes in perchloric acid were higher than those in sulfuric acid and the order of the oxidation rates was: Fl > Fl-I > Fl-Br > Fl-Cl. Final oxidation products were identified by GC/MS and FT-IR analyses in all cases as 9H-fluorenone derivatives. Reaction constants as well as activation parameters of the second order rate constants were also evaluated.

关键词： Oxidation k.netics Mechanism Fluorenes Permanganate

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Temporal Changes on Pollutants Associated with Sewage Sludge

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering 2010年第9期4卷 70-78页

作者： S.M. Al-Muzaini T.E. Al-obied Environment Sciences Department Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research Safat 13100 Kuwait

A field survey was carried out to collect monthly samples from sewage sludge beds. The samples were collected from three sewage treatment plants namely; Jahra, Rek.a, and Um Al-Hayman; over 12 months’ period started from January and ended by December 2002, 2004 and 2006 to assess the temporal changes on the pollutants associated with sewage sludge. The collected samples were analyzed for organic matters, nutrients and heavy metals. It was observed that the quantities of organic matter, organic carbon and nutrients were varied in a wide range of values. The levels of heavy metals were generally below than reported by the k.wait Environment Public Authority Limits for application of dry sludge. Temporal changes in the levels of heavy metals and other pollutants may be affected by temporal variation in the level of heavy metals, nutrients and organic matters in the influent of wastewater or in the efficiency of the treatment involved.

关键词：时空变化污染物污泥床污水处理厂营养物质重金属污水污泥有机物质

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