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Carbon dioxide enrichment affected flower numbers transiently and increased successful post-pollination development stably but without altering final acorn production in mature pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第4期35卷 1-12页

作者： Ryan mcClory Richard h.Ellis martin Lukac Jo Clark Carolina mayoral Kris m.hart Andrew R.G.Plackett A.Rob macKenzie school of Agriculture Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingAgricultureEarley GateWhiteknights RoadPO Box 237Reading RG66EUUK Faculty of Forestry and Wood sciences Czech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 165000Czechia Future Trees Trust Harwell Innovation CentreBuilding 173Curie AvenueHarwellOxford OX110QGUK Birmingham institute of Forest Research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK school of Biosciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK school of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK

Acorn production in oak(Quercus spp.)shows considerable inter-annual variation,known as masting,which provides a natural defence against seed predators but a highly-variable supply of acorns for uses such as in commercial tree planting each *** emissions of greenhouse gases have been very widely reported to influence plant growth and seed or fruit size and quantity via the‘fertilisation effect’that leads to enhanced *** examine if acorn production in mature woodland communities will be affected by further increase in CO_(2),the contents of litter traps from a Free Air Carbon Enrichment(FACE)experiment in deciduous woodland in central England were analysed for numbers of flowers and acorns of pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.)at different stages of development and their predation levels under ambient and elevated CO_(2) ***-annual variation in acorn numbers was considerable and cyclical between 2015 and 2021,with the greatest numbers of mature acorns in 2015,2017 and 2020 but almost none in *** numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,immature acorns,empty acorn cups,and galls in the litter traps also varied amongst years;comparatively high numbers of enlarged cups were recorded in 2018,suggesting *** at this site is a fruit maturation masting species(i.e.,the extent of abortion of pollinated flowers during acorn development affects mature acorn numbers greatly).Raising the atmospheric CO_(2) concentration by 150μL L^(−1),from early 2017,increased the numbers of immature acorns,and all acorn evidence(empty cups+immature acorns+mature acorns)detected in the litter traps compared to ambient controls by 2021,but did not consistently affect the numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,empty cups,or mature *** number of flowers in the elevated CO_(2) plots’litter traps was greater in 2018 than 2017,one year after CO_(2) enrichment began,whereas numbers declined in ambient *** with CO_(2) also increased the number o

关键词： Quercus robur L. Acorns masting Pedunculate oak Carbon dioxide

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Optimization of stealthwatch Network security system for the Detection and mitigation of Distributed Denial of service (DDos) Attack: Application to smart Grid system

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Communications and Network 2024年第3期16卷 108-134页

作者： Emmanuel s. Kolawole Penrose s. Cofie John h. Fuller Cajetan m. Akujuobi Emmanuel A. Dada Justin F. Foreman Pamela h. Obiomon Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Prairie View A&M University Prairie View TX USA

The smart Grid is an enhancement of the traditional grid system and employs new technologies and sophisticated communication techniques for electrical power transmission and distribution. The smart Grid’s communication network shares information about status of its several integrated iEDs (intelligent Electronic Devices). however, the iEDs connected throughout the smart Grid, open opportunities for attackers to interfere with the communications and utilities resources or take clients’ private data. This development has introduced new cyber-security challenges for the smart Grid and is a very concerning issue because of emerging cyber-threats and security incidents that have occurred recently all over the world. The purpose of this research is to detect and mitigate Distributed Denial of service [DDos] with application to the Electrical smart Grid system by deploying an optimized stealthwatch secure Network analytics tool. in this paper, the DDos attack in the smart Grid communication networks was modeled using stealthwatch tool. The simulated network consisted of secure Network Analytic tools virtual machines (Vms), electrical Grid network communication topology, attackers and Target Vms. Finally, the experiments and simulations were performed, and the research results showed that stealthwatch analytic tool is very effective in detecting and mitigating DDos attacks in the smart Grid system without causing any blackout or shutdown of any internal systems as compared to other tools such as GNs3, Nessi2, NissT Framework, OmNeT++, iNET Framework, ReasE, Ns2, Ns3, m5 simulator, OPNET, PLC & TiA Portal management software which do not have the capability to do so. Also, using stealthwatch tool to create a security baseline for smart Grid environment, contributes to risk mitigation and sound security hygiene.

关键词： smart Grid system Distributed Denial of service (DDos) Attack intrusion Detection and Prevention systems Detection mitigation and stealthwatch

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Forecasting of tropical cyclones AsANi (2022) and mOChA (2023) over the Bay of Bengal - real time challenges to forecasters

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TROPiCAL CYCLONE REsEARCh AND REViEW 2024年第2期13卷 88-112页

作者： Kotal, s. D. Arulalan, T. mohapatra, m. Govt india Minist Earth Sci India Meteorol Dept New Delhi India

This study examines the track and intensity forecasts of two typical Bay of Bengal tropical cyclones (TC) AsANi and mOChA. The analysis of various Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) model forecasts [ECmWF (European Centre for medium range Weather Forecast), NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction), NCUm (National Centre for medium Range Weather Forecast-Unified model), imD (india meteorological Department), hWRF (hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting)], mmE (multi-model Ensemble), sCiP (statistical Cyclone intensity Prediction) model, and OFCL (Official) forecasts shows that intensity forecasts of AsANi and track forecasts of mOChA were reasonably good, but there were large errors and wide variation in track forecasts of AsANi and in intensity forecasts of mOChA. Among all model forecasts, the track forecast errors of imD model and mmE were least in general for AsANi and mOChA respectively. Also, the landfall point forecast errors of imD were least for AsANi, and the mmE and OFCL forecast errors were least for mOChA. No model is found to be consistently better for landfall time forecast for AsANi, and the errors of ECmWF, imD and hWRF were least and of same order for mOChA. The intensity forecast errors of OFCL and sCiP were least for AsANi, and the forecast errors of hWRF, imD, NCEP, sCiP and OFCL were comparable and least for mOChA up to 48 h forecast and hWRF errors were least thereafter in general. The ECmWF model forecast errors for intensity were found to be highest for both the TCs. The results also show that although there is significant improvement of track forecasts and limited or no improvement of intensity forecast in previous decades but challenges still persists in real time forecasting of both track and intensity due to wide variation and inconsistency of model forecasts for different TC cases. (c) 2024 The shanghai Typhoon institute of China meteorological Administration. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communi

关键词： Tropical cyclone Track forecast intensity forecast NWP model Bay of Bengal North indian Ocean NORTh iNDiAN-OCEAN iNTENsiTY PREDiCTiON ATLANTiC BAsiN TRACK FORECAsT LANDFALL PACiFiC mODEL EYE

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Unequal Distribution of innovation Efforts for Neglected Tropical Diseases: The Role of Funding Evaluation Criteria

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health 2024年第5期16卷 490-520页

作者： Anne m. G. Neevel Kenneth D. s. Fernald Linda h. m. van de Burgwal Athena institute Faculty of Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands

Background: international research and innovation efforts for neglected tropical diseases have increased in recent decades due to disparities in overall health research funding in relation to global burden of disease. however, within the field of neglected tropical diseases some seem far more neglected than others. in this research the aim is to investigate the distribution of resources and efforts, as well as the mechanisms that underpin funding allocation for neglected tropical diseases. methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted to establish a comprehensive overview of known indicators for innovation efforts related to a wide range of neglected tropical diseases. Articles were selected based on a subjective evaluation of their relevance, the presence of original data, and the breadth of their scope. This was followed by thirteen in-depth open-ended interviews with representatives of private, public and philanthropic funding organizations, concerning evaluation criteria for funding research proposals. Results: The findings reveal a large difference in the extent to which the individual diseases are neglected with notable differences between absolute and relative efforts. Criteria used in the evaluation of research proposals relate to potential impact, the probability of success and strategic fit. Private organizations prioritize strategic fit and economic impact;philanthropic organizations prioritize short-term societal impact;and public generally prioritize the probability of success by accounting for follow-up funding and involvement of industry. Funding decisions of different types of organizations are highly interrelated. Conclusions: This study shows that the evaluation of funding proposals introduces and retains unequal funding distribution, reinforcing the relative neglect of diseases. societal impact is the primary rationale for funding but application of it as a funding criterion is associated with significant challenges. Furthermore, curre

关键词： Neglected Tropical Diseases Funding Decision Evaluation Criteria health Research Funding Research impact

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Landscape of global urban environmental resistome and its association with local socioeconomic and medical status

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science China(Life sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 1292-1301页

作者： Jun Wu Yige hu michael h Perlin David Danko Jun Lu manuela Oliveira Johannes Werner maria m Zambrano maria A sierra Olayinka O Osuolale Paweł Łabaj Nicolás Rascovan Nur hazlin hazrin-Chong soojin Jang haruo suzuki marina Nieto-Caballero Bharath Prithiviraj Patrick K h Lee Agnieszka Chmielarczyk Anna Różańska Yongxiang Zhao Lan Wang Christopher E mason Tieliu shi Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology and the Institute of Biomedical SciencesSchool of Life SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Department of Biology Program on Disease EvolutionUniversity of LouisvilleLouisville 40292USA Weill Cornell medicine New York 10065USA The Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud institute for Computational Biomedicine New York 10065USA Department of Pulmonary medicine Shanghai Chest HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025China i3s-instituto de investiga玢o e inova玢o em saúde Universidade do PortoPorto 4050-290Portugal ipatimup-instituto de Patologia e imunologia molecular da Universidade do Porto Porto 4200-465Portugal Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade do PortoPorto 4050-290Portugal high Performance and Cloud Computing Group Zentrum für Datenverarbeitung(ZDV)Eberhard Karls University of TübingenW鋍hterstra遝7672074TübingenGermany Corporación Corpogen Research Center Bogotá110311Colombia Applied Environmental metagenomics and infectious Diseases Research(AEmiDR) Department of Biological SciencesElizade UniversityIlara-Mokin 340271Nigeria maopolska Centre of Biotechnology Jagiellonian UniversityKraków 30-005Poland Aix-marseille Université Mediterranean Institute of OceanologyUniversitéde ToulonCNRSIRDUM 110Marseille 83041France Department of Biological sciences and Biotechnology Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 UKM BangiSelangor institut Pasteur Korea Seoul 13488Republic of Korea Faculty of Environment and information studies Keio UniversityFujisawaKanagawa 252-0882Japan University of Colorado at Boulder CivilEnvironmental and Architectural DepartmentBoulder 80303USA Brooklyn College of the City University of New York Brooklyn 11210USA school of Energy and Environment City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of microbiology Faculty of MedicineJagiellonian UniversityKraków 30-005Poland Biological Targeting Diagnosis and The

Antimicrobial resistance(AmR)poses a critical threat to global health and development,with environmental factors—particularly in urban areas—contributing significantly to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs).however,most research to date has been conducted at a local level,leaving significant gaps in our understanding of the global status of antibiotic resistance in urban *** address this issue,we thoroughly analyzed a total of 86,213 ARGs detected within 4,728 metagenome samples,which were collected by the meta sUB international Consortium involving diverse urban environments in 60 cities of 27 countries,utilizing a deep-learning based *** findings demonstrated the strong geographical specificity of urban environmental resistome,and their correlation with various local socioeconomic and medical *** also identified distinctive evolutionary patterns of ARG-related biosynthetic gene clusters(BGCs)across different countries,and discovered that the urban environment represents a rich source of novel *** study provides a comprehensive overview of the global urban environmental resistome,and fills a significant gap in our knowledge of large-scale urban antibiotic resistome analysis.

关键词： urban environment metagenome antibiotic resistance resistance diversity biosynthetic gene clusters

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Phytoconstituents Profiling of indigenous herbal Drugs and its in vitro microbial,in silico Biological Examination against severe Acute Respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2

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World Journal of Traditional Chinese medicine 2024年第1期10卷 121-136页

作者： T.h.mohamed Ahadu shareef mmohamed Divan masood irfan Navabshan msaiyad musthafa Department of Chemistry The New College(Autonomous)Affiliated to the University of MadrasChennaiTamil NaduIndia school of Computer Applications B.S.Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and TechnologyChennaiTamil NaduIndia Crescent school of Pharmacy B.S.Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and TechnologyChennaiTamil NaduIndia Department of Zoology The New College(Autonomous)Affiliated to the University of MadrasChennaiTamil NaduIndia

Background:habb-E-shifa,hamdard sualin,and hamdard Joshanda traditional herbal medicines may promote host resistance against infection by bacteria,viruses,and fungi which are easily accessible at inexpensive with no *** herbal medicines are used to cure sore throat,cough,fever,lung cancer,and asthma patients in developing south Asian *** traditional herbal medicines acted a crucial role in the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019(COViD-19).Aims and Objectives:This research article aimed at conducting phytochemistry,antimicrobial activity,COViD-19 docking and some spectroscopic(infrared,Ultraviolet,13C-Nuclear magnetic Resonance(13C-NmR),1h-NmR,and mass spectra)characterizations of the polyherbal drugs were carried ***,in-vitro and in-silico analyses were performed to measure activity against *** Performance-Liquid Chromatography(hPLC),Gas Chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-ms),antimicrobial,and docking studies were carried *** preliminary phytochemical assay and bioactive compounds were screened using hPLC and *** study is an attempt to assess the promising effects of selected polyherbal indigenous drugs such as habb-E-shifa,hamdard sualin,and hamdard Joshanda phytoconstituents against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(sARs-Co V-2).materials and methods:The extract of the selected polyherbal formulations showed high-to-moderate preventive effects on the growth inhibition in the pathogenic bacterium,namely streptococcus oralis,staphylococcus aureus,Propionibacterium acnes,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,and Proteus vulgaris,and three fungal Candida albicans,Aspergillus fumigatus,and Aspergillus *** docking study evaluates the pharmacological activity of bioactive chemical compounds with sARs-Co V-2 NsP5(PDB iD:7nxh)and sARs-Co V-2 Omicron spike protein with human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE-2)(PDB iD:7wk6).Results:in this study,for the first time,we at

关键词： Antimicrobial herbal drug Omicron and coronavirus disease 2019 phytochemicals spectroscopic

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Effect of nutrition-related infodemics and social media on maternal experience: A nationwide survey in a low/middle income country

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第1期13卷 93-106页

作者： marwa m Zein Noha Arafa mortada h F El-shabrawi Nehal mohammed El-Koofy Department of Public health and Community medicine Cairo UniversityCairo 515211Egypt Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Children's HospitalKasralainy Medical SchoolCairo UniversityCairo 515211Egypt Department of Pediatrics Cairo UniversityCairo 12411Egypt Department of Pediatrics The Children's HospitalCairo UniversityCairo 12411Egypt

BACKGROUND Undernutrition is a crucial cause of morbidity and mortality among children in low-or middle-income countries(LmiCs).A better understanding of maternal general healthy nutrition knowledge,as well as misbeliefs,is highly essential,especially in such *** the current era of infodemics,it is very strenuous for mothers to select not only the right source for maternal nutrition information but the correct information as *** To assess maternal healthy nutritional knowledge and nutrition-related misbeliefs and misinformation in an LmiC,and to determine the sources of such information and their assessment *** This cross-sectional analytical observational study enrolled 5148 randomly selected Egyptian mothers who had one or more children less than 15 years *** data were collected through online questionnaire forms:One was for the general nutrition knowledge assessment,and the other was for the nutritional myth *** of information and ways of evaluating internet sources using the Currency,Relevance,Authority,Accuracy,and Purpose test were additionally *** The mean general nutrition knowledge score was 29±9,with a percent score of 70.8%±12.1%(total score:41).The median myth score was 9(interquartile range:6,12;total score:18).The primary sources of nutrition knowledge for the enrolled mothers were social media platforms(55%).half of the mothers managed information for currency and authority,except for considering the author's contact *** than 60%regularly checked information for accuracy and *** mothers with significant nutrition knowledge checked periodically for the author's contact information(P=0.012).The nutrition myth score was significantly lower among mothers who periodically checked the evidence of the information(P=0.016).mothers dependent on their healthcare providers as the primary source of their general nutritional knowledge were less likely to hold myths by 13%(P=0.044).however,usi

关键词： Nutrition infodemics maternal knowledge myth Low/middle income country

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is it possible to run after positive affective experiences instead of health benefits without tackling social inequalities?

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Journal of sport and health science 2024年第6期13卷 756-758页

作者： Raphael h.O.Araujo Andre O.Werneck Gilmar m.de Jesus Danilo R.P.silva Graduation Program in health sciences Londrina State UniversityLondrina 86057-970Brazil school of Public health The University of QueenslandBrisbane QLD 4006Australia Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and health Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthUniversidade de Sao Paulo(USP)Sao Paulo 01246-904Brazil Department of Psychological medicine Institute of PsychiatryPsychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondon SE58AFUK Public health Post-Graduate Program State University of Feira de SantanaFeira de Santana 44036-900Brazil Department of Physical Education Federal University of SergipeSao Cristovao 490100-000Brazil

We recently read the opinion piece titled“Why people should run after positive affective experiences instead of health benefits”,which was carried out by maltagliati et al.^(1)and published in the Journal of sport and health *** article started an important discussion about a physical activity(PA)promotion approach that encourages the use of affective experience to PA *** we agree with the authors’point of view and believe that its message can generate an important insight for PA promotion,the authors presented a scenario where behavior change seems to be exclusively dependent on the *** the existence of other barriers to an active lifestyle(e.g.,social inequalities)could enhance the authors’suggested approach because many people live in conditions that reduce their opportunities to engage in affective experiences related to PA;furthermore,affective experiences can vary depending on individual context.

关键词： promotion inequalities furthermore

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Co-doped Ni_(3)s_(2) nanosheet array: A high-efficiency electrocatalyst for alkaline seawater oxidation

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 1050-1055页

作者： meng Yue Xun he shengjun sun Yuntong sun mohamed s.hamdy mhamed Benaissa Alsamani A.m.salih Jun Liu Xuping sun College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceShandong Normal UniversityJinan 250014China institute of Fundamental and Frontier sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054China Department of Chemistry College of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityP.O.Box 9004Abha 61413Saudi Arabia Department of Chemical Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of Ha’ilP.O.Box 2440Ha’il 81441Saudi Arabia Department of Otolaryngology-head&Neck surgery West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China

Developing efficient and durable oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts holds great promise for green hydrogen production via seawater electrolysis,but remains a ***,we report a Co-doped Ni_(3)s_(2) nanosheet array on Ni foam(Co-Ni_(3)s_(2)/NF)as a high-efficiency OER electrocatalyst for *** alkaline conditions,Co-Ni_(3)s_(2)/NF requires an overpotential of only 368 mV to drive 100 mA·cm^(–2),superior to Ni_(3)s_(2)/NF(385 mV).Besides,it exhibits at least 50-h continuous electrolysis.

关键词： Co doping Ni_(3)s_(2)nanosheet array oxygen evolution reaction seawater electrolysis electrocatalyst

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Genomics-driven derivatization of the bioactive fungal sesterterpenoid variecolin:Creation of an unnatural analogue with improved anticancer properties

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Acta Pharmaceutica sinica B 2024年第1期14卷 421-432页

作者： Dexiu Yan Jemma Arakelyan Teng Wan Ritvik Raina Tsz Ki Chan Dohyun Ahn Vladimir Kushnarev Tsz Kiu Cheung ho Ching Chan inseo Choi Pui Yi ho Feijun hu Yujeong Kim hill Lam Lau Ying Lo Law Chi seng Leung Chun Yin Tong Kai Kap Wong wing Lam Yim Nikolay s.Karnaukhov Richard Y.C.Kong maria V.Babak Yudai matsuda Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina iGEm Team“VarieCure” City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina moscow Clinical Research Center Named After A.s.Loginov Moscow 111123Russian Federation

A biosynthetic gene cluster for the bioactive fungal sesterterpenoids variecolin(1)and variecolactone(2)was identified in Aspergillus aculeatus ATCC *** production of 1 and 2 was achieved in Aspergillus oryzae by expressing the sesterterpene synthase VrcA and the cytochrome P450 ***,the replacement of VrcB with homologous P450s from other fungal terpenoid pathways yielded three new variecolin analogues(5-7).Analysis of the compounds’anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo revealed that although 5 and 1 had comparable activities,5 was associated with significantly reduced toxic side effects in cancer-bearing mice,indicating its potentially broader therapeutic *** study describes the first tests of variecolin and its analogues in animals and demonstrates the utility of synthetic biology for creating molecules with improved biological activities.

关键词： Animal studies Anticancer properties Biosynthesis Natural products sesterterpenoids synthetic biology Terpene synthases Variecolin

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