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The spatial variability of actual evapotranspiration across the Amazon River Basin based on remote sensing products validated with flux towers

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 67-86页

作者： Victor Hugo da motta Paca gonzalo E.Espinoza-Dávalos Tim m.Hessels Daniel medeiros moreira georges F.Comair wim g.m.bastiaanssen IHE Delft Institute for Water Education Westvest 7Delft 2611 AXNetherlands TU Delft DelftNetherlands CPRm-geological Survey of Brazil Rio de JaneiroBrazil World Bank WashingtonD.C.USA

Actual evapotranspiration(ET)is a major component of the water *** several international flux measurement programs have been executed in the tropical rain forest of the Amazon,those measurements represent the evaporative process at a few selected sites *** aim of this study is to obtain the spatial distribution of ET,using remote sensing techniques,across the entire Amazon River *** from six global ET products based on remote sensing techniques(gLEAm,SEBS,ALEXI,CmRSET,mOD16,and SSEBop)were merged to obtain an ensemble prediction of the ET rates for the complex and in-accessible environment of the Amazon at a spatial resolution of 250 *** study shows that the basinwide average ET is 1316 mm/year with a standard deviation of 192 mm/*** new ET-Amazon product was validated against seven different historic flux tower *** energy balance closure of the in situ measurements varied between 86 and 116%.Only months with more than 70%completeness of in situ measurements were considered for *** procedures for closure correction were included in the *** correlation between measured and remotely sensed ET is good(R2>0.97 for consecutive periods of 2 to 12months),and the bias correction is negligible for the energy balance residual method,which seemed most *** ET values have more *** monthly RmSE values vary between 7.4 and 27.8 mm/month(the average RmSE is 22.2mm/month),and the coefficient of determination(R2)varies between 0.48 and 0.87(the average R2 is 0.53).The ET from the water balance is 1380 mm/year,being−64 mm/year difference and 4.6%less than ET derived from the water *** evaporation from the Amazon basin inside Brazil is 5063 km3/year,followed by Peru with 1165 km3/***-Amazon shows more spatial details and accuracy than alternative global ET products such as LandFlux-EVAL,model Tree Ensemble(mTE),and *** justifies the development of new regional ET pro

关键词： Amazon River Basin Evapotranspiration Flux towers measurements ET-Amazon product

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Interconnected and high cycling stability polypyrrole supercapacitors using cellulose nanocrystals and commonly used inorganic salts as dopants

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第1期76卷 165-174,I0005页

作者： Zuxin Sun wim Thielemans Sustainable materials Lab Department of Chemical EngineeringKU LeuvenCampus Kulak KortrijkEtienne Sabbelaan 538500 KortrijkBelgium

Polypyrrole(PPy)is wildly used as electrode material in supercapacitors due to its high conductivity,low cost,ease of handling,and ease of ***,limited capacitance and poor cycling stability hinder its practical *** developing carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals(CNC-COO^(-))as immobile dopants for PPy to improve its cycling stability,we investigated the effect of different commonly used salts(KCl,NaCl,KBr,and NaClO_(4))as dopants during electrode fabrication by *** film’s capacitance increased from 160.6 to 183.4 F g^(-1)after adding a combination of KCl and NaClO_(4) into the electrodeposition *** importantly,the porous and interconnected PPy/CNC-COO^(-)-Cl-(Cl O_(4)^(-))_0.5 electrode film exhibited an excellent capacitance of 125.0 F g^(-1)(0.78 F cm^(-2))at a high current density of 2.0 Ag^(-1)(20 m A cm^(-2),allowing charging in less than 1 min),increasing almost 204%over PPy/CNC-COO-films.A symmetric PPy/CNC-COO^(-)-Cl-(ClO_(4)^(-))_0.5 supercapacitor retained its full capacitance after 5000 cycles,and displayed a high energy density of 5.2 Wh kg^(-1)at a power density of 25.4 W kg^(-1)(34.5μWh cm^(-2) at 1752.3μW cm^(-2)).These results reveal that the porous structure formed by doping with CNC-COO-and inorganic salts opens up more active reaction areas to store charges in PPy-based films as the stiff and ribbon-like CNC-COO-as permanent dopants improve the strength and stability of PPy-based *** demonstration provides a simple and practical way to deposit PPy based supercapacitors with high capacitance,fast charging,and excellent cycling stability.

关键词： Polypyrrole Cellulose nanocrystals Cycling stability Inorganic salts Supercapacitor

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Performance assessment and microbial diversity of two pilot scale multi-stage sub-surface flow constructed wetland systems

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第8期28卷 38-46页

作者： A.O.Babatunde Raul miranda-Caso Luengo mehreen Imtiaz Y.Q.Zhao wim g.meijer Hydro-environmental Research Centre Institute of Environment and Sustainability Cardiff School of Engineering Cardiff UniversityQueen's Buildings UCD School of Civil Structural and Environmental Engineering Newstead Building University College Dublin UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science Conway Institute University College Dublin

This study assessed the performance and diversity of microbial communities in multi-stage sub-surface flow constructed wetland systems（CWs）. Our aim was to assess the impact of configuration on treatment performance and microbial diversity in the systems. Results indicate that at loading rates up to 100 g BOD5/（m2·day）, similar treatment performances can be achieved using either a 3 or 4 stage configuration. In the case of phosphorus（P）, the impact of configuration was less obvious and a minimum of 80% P removal can be expected for loadings up to 10 g P/（m2·day） based on the performance results obtained within the first16 months of operation. microbial analysis showed an increased bacterial diversity in stage four compared to the first stage. These results indicate that the design and configuration of multi-stage constructed wetland systems may have an impact on the treatment performance and the composition of the microbial community in the systems, and such knowledge can be used to improve their design and performance.

关键词： Constructed wetlands microbial diversity Wastewater treatment

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Role of autophagy in the pathophysiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:A controversial issue

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2014年第23期20卷 7325-7338页

作者： Wilhelmus J Kwanten wim martinet Peter P michielsen Sven m Francque Laboratory of Experimental medicine and Paediatrics University of Antwerp2000 AntwerpProvince of AntwerpBelgium Laboratory of Physiopharmacology University of Antwerp2000 AntwerpProvince of AntwerpBelgium Department of gastroenterology Hepatology Antwerp University HospitalB-2650 EdegemProvince of AntwerpBelgium

Autophagy is a mechanism involved in cellular homeostasis under basal and stressed conditions delivering cytoplasmic content to the lysosomes for degradation to *** potential role of autophagy in disease is increasingly recognised and investigated in the last *** it is commonly accepted that autophagy plays a role in the hepatic lipid ***,dysfunction of autophagy may be an underlying cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver ***,controversy of the exact role of autophagy in the lipid metabolism exists:some publications report a lipolytic function of autophagy,whereas others claim a lipogenic *** review aims to give an update of the present knowledge on autophagy in the hepatic lipid metabolism,hepatic insulin resistance,steatohepatitis and hepatic fibrogenesis.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Steatohepatitis Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Autophagy Lipophagy Lipid metabolism

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Selenium containing macrocycles:transformation between Se-N/Se-S/Se-Se bonds

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Science China Chemistry 2017年第9期60卷 1191-1196页

作者： Shaobo Ji Hicham El mard mario Smet wim Dehaen Huaping Xu Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and molecular Engineering Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Chemistry University of LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 20OFB-3001 Heveriee(Leuven)Belgium

macrocycles possess potential applications in supramolecular chemistry and biosystems. Thus development of new kinds of macrocycles is of significance. Herein, novel macrocycles containing Se-Se/Se-S bonds were synthesized via transformation between selenium related dynamic covalent bonds. A monomer containing two ebselen moieties was synthesized (m1). The Se-N bonds in m1 were reduced by dithiothreitol, forming Se-S linked dimer (D1). To realize the transformation from Se-S bonds to Se-Se bonds, guest molecules were added as template, triggering the formation of Se-Se linked dimer (D2). The formation of these two new kinds of macrocycles was determined by H-1 NmR and Se-77 NmR, and the necessity of guest molecules was also confirmed. The introduction of ebselen moieties and Se-S bonds or Se-Se bonds into macrocycles may endow it with new responsiveness and bioactivities, as well as new types of host-guest chemistry.

关键词： macrocycles, selenium, dynamic covalent bonds

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Synergistic effects of chloride anions and carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals on the assembly of thick three-dimensional high-performance polypyrrole-based electrodes

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第7期31卷 492-501,I0013页

作者： Zuxin Sun Samuel Eyley Yongjian guo Reeta Salminen wim Thielemans Sustainable materials Lab Department of Chemical EngineeringKU LeuvenCampus Kulak KortrijkEtienne Sabbelaan 538500 KortrijkBelgium Research Unit Plasma Technology Department of Applied PhysicsGhent UniversitySint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41B49000 GhentBelgium

Porous three-dimensional (3D) structures generally improve the performance of electrodes by increasing their active surface area and the diffusion speed of electrolyte ions during charging/*** polypyrrole (PPy) based films were created by electrodepositing PPy in the presence of varying amounts of chloride anions (Cl^(-)) and polyanionic ribbonlike nanoparticles (carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals (CNC-COO-)) as scaffold *** assembly mechanism of the 3D PPy electrodes combines the effect of different nucleation and growth mechanisms during electropolymerization and deposition of the formed PPy with CNC-COO-and with Cl^(-).The highest area capacitance of these electrode materials was 1.39 F cm^(-2)(150.2 F g^(-1)) at a current density of 1 m A cm^(-2)(0.1 A g^(-1)).more importantly,at a high current density of 20 m A cm^(-2)(2.2 A g^(-1)),the thick (ca.130μm),3D,and high mass loading(9.2 mg cm^(-2)) Cl^(-):CNC-COO-/PPy films exhibited an excellent areal capacitance of 0.85 F cm^(-2)(70.8 F g^(-1)),increasing about 16%over CNC-COO-/PPy films prepared without Cl^(-)present during *** addition,an aqueous Cl^(-):CNC-COO-/PPy (with Cl^(-):CNC-COO-=2.0) symmetric supercapacitor had an outstanding energy density of 41.15μWh cm^(-2)(4.46 Wh kg^(-1)) and excellent cycling stability,while even improving on its original areal capacitance (to 111.2%of its original capacitance) after cycling3000 cycles at 8 m A cm^(-2),indicating their potential in energy storage devices.

关键词： Polypyrrole Cellulose nanocrystals Three-dimensional structures One-step electrodeposition Nucleation and growth mechanisms

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Hemolysis results in impaired intestinal microcirculation and intestinal epithelial cell injury

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2011年第2期17卷 213-218页

作者： Sebastiaan J Hanssen Tim Lubbers Caroline m Hodin Frits W Prinzen wim A Buurman michael J Jacobs Department of Surgery Maastricht University Medical Center Cardiovascular Research Institute maastricht Maastricht University Medical Center European Vascular Center Aachen-maastricht Department of Vascular SurgeryUniversity Hospital Aachen Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute maastricht Maastricht University Medical Center Department of Physiology Maastricht University Medical Center

AIm:To study the effect of circulating cell-free oxy-hemoglobin(FHb) on intestinal microcirculation and intestinal epithelial injury in a rat model. mETHODS:To induce elevated intravascular circulating FHb,male Sprague-Dawley rats received water or FHb *** changes in jejunum,ileum and colon were evaluated using fluorescent *** injury was quantified as plasmatic release of ileal lipid binding protein(iLBP) and verified by histological analysis of the ileum. RESULTS:Water and FHb infusions resulted,when compared with saline infusion,in reduced intestinal microcirculation(after 30 min Pmin FHb infusion Pm and colon) .Circulating FHb levels correlated significantly with release of iLBP(Spearman r=0.72,P=0.0011) .Epithelial cell injury of the villi was histologically observed after water and FHb infusions. CONCLUSION:This study shows that circulating FHb leads to a reduction in intestinal microcirculatory blood flow with marked injury to intestinal epithelial cells. These data support the hypothesis that circulating FHb contributes to the development of intestinal injury.

关键词： Hemoglobin microcirculation Organ injury Vasoconstriction

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Controlling postoperative ileus by vagal activation

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2010年第14期16卷 1683-1687页

作者： Tim Lubbers wim Buurman misha Luyer Department of Surgery NUTRIM School for Nutrition Toxicology and Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Center 6200 MD Maastricht The Netherlands Department of Surgery Orbis Medical Center 6162 BG Sittard The Netherlands

Postoperative ileus is a frequently occurring surgical complication, leading to increased morbidity and hospital stay. Abdominal surgical interventions are known to result in a protracted cessation of bowel movement. Activation of inhibitory neural pathways by nociceptive stimuli leads to an inhibition of propulsive activity, which resolves shortly after closure of the abdomen. The subsequent formation of an inflammatory infiltrate in the muscular layers of the intestine results in a more prolonged phase of ileus. Over the last decade, clinical strategies focusing on reduction of surgical stress and promoting postoperative recovery have improved the course of postoperative ileus. Additionally, recent experimental evidence implicated antiinflammatory interventions, such as vagal stimulation, as potential targets to treat postoperative ileus and reduce the period of intestinal hypomotility. Activation of nicotinic receptors on inflammatory cells by vagal input attenuates inflammation and promotes gastrointestinal motility in experimental models of ileus. A novel physiologicalintervention to activate this neuroimmune pathway is enteral administration of lipid-rich nutrition. Perioperative administration of lipid-rich nutrition reduced manipulation-induced local inflammation of the intestine and accelerated recovery of bowel movement. The application of safe and easy to use antiinflammatory interventions, together with the current multimodal approach, could reduce postoperative ileus to an absolute minimum and shorten hospital stay.

关键词： Postoperative ileus Inflammation Vagus Nutritional antiinflammatory pathway

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Alternative splicing enhances transcriptome complexity in desiccating seeds

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第12期58卷 947-958页

作者： Arunkumar Srinivasan Jose m. Jimenez-gomez Fabio Fornara wim J. J. Soppe Vittoria Brambilla Department of Plant Breeding and genetics Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research Cologne Germany Open Analytics Antwerp Belgium Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Versailles France University of milan Department of Biosciences Milano 20133 Italy University of milan Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences via Celoria 220133 Milano Italy

Before being dispersed in the environment, mature seeds need to be dehydrated. The survival of seeds after dispersal depends on their low hydration in combination with high desiccation tolerance. These characteristics are estab- lished during seed maturation. Some key seed maturation genes have been reported to be regulated by alternative splicing （AS）. However, so far AS was described only for single genes and a comprehensive analysis of AS during seed maturation has been lacking. We investigated gene expression and AS during Arabidopsis thaliana seed development at a global level, before and after desiccation. Bioinformatics tools were developed to identify differentially spliced regions within genes. Our data suggest the importance and shows the peculiar features of AS during seed desiccation. We identified AS in 347o of genes that are expressed at both timepoints before and after desiccation. most of these AS transcript variants had not been found before in other tissues. Among the AS genes some seed master regulators could be found. Interestingly, 6% of all expressed transcripts were not transcriptionally regulated during desiccation, but only modified by AS. We propose that AS should be more routinely taken into account in the analysis of transcriptomic data to prevent overlooking potentially important regulators.

关键词： Alternative splicing Arabidopsis thaliana seed desiccation

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Structural optimization of patient-specific temporomandibular joint replacement implants for additive manufacturing:novel metrics for safety evaluation and biomechanical performance

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Bio-Design and manufacturing 2022年第2期5卷 333-347页

作者： manuel Pinheiro Anouar Krairi Robin Willaert maria C.Costa wim Van Paepegem mechanics of materials and Structures(mmS) Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium materials Innovation Institute(m2i) DelftThe Netherlands Department of Oral and maxillofacial Surgery University Hospitals Leuven LeuvenBelgium 4 Department of Head and Neck SurgeryGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium

Total temporomandibular joint(TmJ)replacement is recommended only when there is irreversible damage to the joint and no conservative treatment can provide functional *** stock and custom-made TmJ implants have been made available;however,retrospective and comparative studies were unable to find significant differences between the two types of *** introduction of additive manufacturing(Am)techniques in medical practice allows for a greater freedom of design and a higher degree of device *** combination of Am with structural optimisation may streamline development and provide the key for fabricating biomechanic ally enhanced TmJ *** this study,structural optimis ation techniques were applied to develop and numerically validate a patient-specific TmJ *** biomechanical behaviour of each intermediate TmJ design was assessed under four different nominal and maximum biting tasks using finite element *** addition,a new set of metrics were proposed to compare each design regarding biomechanical performance and implant *** results suggest that 55-82%of the natural/intact strain patterns can be recovered with the finally selected TmJ *** represents an increase of 15%in biomechanical performance for incisor biting,15%for right molar biting,17%for left molar biting and a decrease of 2%for left group biting compared with the initial *** results also suggest that load transfer at the proximal ramus reduces the implant’s impact on the mandible’s strain ***,structural optimisation allows for a volume reduction of up to 44%with a minimum loss of implant safety and biomechanical performance.

关键词： Temporomandibular joint Additive manufacturing Implant safety Biomechanical performance Finite element analysis

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