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Measuring the immeasurable? Operationalising social capital in health research

Health 2012年第9期4卷 555-566页

作者： Veerle Vyncke wim peersman Jan De Maeseneer Sara Willems Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care Ghent University Ghent Belgium Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy Ghent Artevelde University College Ghent University Ghent Belgium Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) Brussels Belgium

During the last decennia, social capital has been a popular topic in social sciences. However, the concept is often used as a “catch all” for divers social characteristics. Consensus on how the concept should be measured is lacking. This keeps health researchers from drawing firm conclusions on the influence of social capital on health and hampers the decision on which social capital indicators to use in health research. This study compares five ways to operationalise social capital (generalized trust, a social network index, an expanded social network index, bonding, bridging and linking social capital and a multidimensional social capital index) in their ability to explain self-rated health and pain. To evaluate the models’ capacity to explain health, two logistic regression models were built, resulting in Nagelkerke R2 measures. Data were collected in a cross-sectional study in eight neighbourhoods in the region of Ghent (Belgium) by randomly sampling 50 adult inhabitants per neighbourhood. Findings show that the explanation of the observed variance in health by the studied social capital models ranges from 1.9% to 23.1%, but is more pronounced for self-rated health than for pain. The multidimensional social capital index explains most of the variance in health, but poses an important strain on the respondents due to a large number of surveyquestions. With some prudence, we presume that the explanatory added value of the more extended social capital models is rather limited from a practical point of view as the addition in explained variance of the other models seems not in relation to the number of questions needed. Researchers should weigh up the pros and cons of different manners to measure social capital carefully, taking the goals and focus of their study into account.

关键词： Social Capital Measuring Measurement Operationalisation

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Prevention from a community perspective facilitating and constraining factors perceived by nurses in local community health centers in the course of prevention and health promotion

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2012年第4期2卷 461-467页

作者： Bregje D’haeze wim peersman Ann Van Hecke Ignaas Devisch Department of Nursing Sciences Ghent University Ghent Belgium Department of Primary Care Ghent University Ghent Belgium Ghent University and Artevelde University College Ghent Belgium

The purpose of this paper is to explore the stimulating factors and the obstacles experienced by nurses in community health centres in their work with prevention and health promotion. We conducted the qualitative research design consisting of fifteen nurses in five community health centres in Ghent. There was also a focus group and participant observation. All participants experienced stimulating factors as well as obstacles in their work with preventive interventions. The most strongly facilitators were the Electronic Medical File and the multidisciplinary approach. The obstacles mentioned by the nurses were the communication problems and the financial problems. This study may have an important impact on nursing practice and nursing prevention. Further research is needed on nurses working in community health centres and the way they approach their patients in the course of preventive actions.

关键词： Nursing Community Obstacles Stimulating Factors Preventive Health Care

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