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Effects of plant-soil feedback on tree seedling growth under arid conditions

Journal of Plant Ecology 2011年第4期4卷 193-200页

作者： Seline S.Meijer Milena holmgren wim h.van der putten Resource Ecology Group Wageningen UniversityPO Box 476700 AA WageningenThe Netherlands University College Dublin Forestry Agriculture&Food Science CentreUniversity College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland World Agroforestry Centre(ICRAF) PO Box 30798LilongweMalawi Department of Terrestrial Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology(NIOO-KNAW)PO Box 506708 PB WageningenThe Netherlands Laboratory of Nematology Wageningen UniversityPO Box 81236700 ES WageningenThe Netherlands

Plants are able to influence their growing environment by changing biotic and abiotic soil *** soil conditions in turn can influence plant growth conditions,which is called plant–soil ***–soil feedback is known to be operative in a wide variety of ecosystems ranging from temperate grasslands to tropical rain ***,little is known about how it operates in arid *** examined the role of plant–soil feedbacks on tree seedling growth in relation to water availability as occurring in arid ecosystems along the west coast of South *** In a two-phased greenhouse experiment,we compared plant–soil feedback effects under three water levels(no water,10%gravimetric moisture and 15%gravimetric moisture).We used sterilized soil inoculated with soil collected from northwest Peru(Prosopis pallida forests)and from two sites in north-central Chile(Prosopis chilensis forest and scrublands without ***).Important Findings Plant–soil feedbacks differed between plant species and soil origins,but water availability did not influence the feedback ***–soil feedbacks differed in direction and strength in the three soil origins ***–soil feedbacks of plants grown in Peruvian forest soil were negative for leaf biomass and positive for root *** contrast,feedbacks were neutral for plants growing in Chilean scrubland soil and positive for leaf biomass for those growing in Chilean forest *** results show that under arid conditions,effects of plant–soil feedback depend upon ***,the results suggest that plant–soil feedback can influence trade-offs between root growth and leaf biomass investment and as such that feedback interactions between plants and soil biota can make plants either more tolerant or vulnerable to *** on dissecting plant–soil feedbacks into aboveground and belowground tissue responses,we conclude that plant–soil feedback can enhance plant colonization in some arid eco

关键词： biomass allocation dry forest facilitation Prosopis South America water pulse

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Plant responses to variable timing of aboveground clipping and belowground herbivory depend on plant age

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第5期11卷 696-708页

作者： Minggang Wang T.Martijn Bezemer wim hvan der putten E.Pernilla Brinkman Arjen Biere Department of Terrestrial Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology(NIOO-KNAW)Droevendaalsesteeg 106708 PB WageningenThe Netherlands Institute of Biology Section Plant Ecology and PhytochemistryLeiden UniversityPO Box 95052300 RA LeidenThe Netherlands Laboratory of Nematology Wageningen UniversityP.O.Box 81326700 ES WageningenThe Netherlands

Aims Plants use different types of responses such as tolerance and induced defense to mitigate the effects of *** direc-tion and magnitude of both these plant responses can vary with plant ***,most studies have focused on aboveground herbivory,whereas important feeding occurs ***,we tested the hypothesis that plant tolerance and defense following shoot damage or root herbivory depends on plant *** In order to test our hypothesis,we exposed the perennial grass spe-cies holcus lanatus to defoliation and root nematode inoculation at three growth stages(young,intermediate and old plants),and exam-ined responses of plant traits related to tolerance(regrowth follow-ing defoliation)and defense(leaf and root nitrogen and phenolics).Important Findings Defoliation overall reduced plant shoot and root biomass as well as foliar concentrations of phenolics regardless of plant age at *** contrast,defoliation increased foliar N concentrations,but only when defoliation occurred at intermediate and old plant *** with root-feeding nematodes reduced root N concentra-tions after a prolonged period of growth,but only when nematodes had been inoculated when plants were *** relative shoot re-growth rate of plants increased immediately after defoliation but this was independent of the plant age at which defoliation occurred,*** not stronger in plants that were defoliated at a more advanced age,as ***,relative root growth rates increased shortly after defoliation,but this was only observed for plants defoli-ated when they were *** conclude that plant responses to aboveground and belowground herbivory in traits related to both defense and tolerance are affected by plant age,but do not gener-ally change with plant age.

关键词： plant age above-belowground interaction root-feeding nematodes holcus lanatus defoliation

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Quantifying source-sink relationships in leaf-color modified rice genotypes during grain filling

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第9期23卷 2923-2940页

作者： Zhenxiang Zhou Paul CStruik Junfei Gu Peter E.L.van der putten Zhiqin Wang Jianchang Yang Xinyou Yin Centre for Crop Systems Analysis Department of Plant SciencesWageningen University&ResearchWageningen 6700 AKThe Netherlands College of Agriculture Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Leaf-color modification can affect canopy photosynthesis,with potential effects on rice yield and yield *** source-sink relationships through crop management is often used to improve crop *** study investigated whether and how modifying leaf color alters source-sink relationships and whether current crop cultivation practices remain applicable for leaf-color modified *** collected data of total biomass and nitrogen(N)accumulation in rice genotypes of four genetic backgrounds and their leaf-color modified variants(greener or yellower)were analyzed,using a recently established modelling method to quantify the source-sink(im)balance during grain *** all leaf-color variants,only one yellower-leaf variant showed a higher source capacity than its normal *** was associated with greater post-flowering N-uptake that prolonged the functional leaf-N duration,and this greater post-flowering N-uptake was possible because of reduced pre-flowering N-uptake.A density experiment showed that current management practices(insufficient planting density accompanied by abundant N application)are unsuitable for the yellower-leaf genotype,ultimately limiting its yield ***-color modification affects source-sink relationships by regulating the N trade-off between pre-and post-flowering uptake,as well as N translocation between source and sink *** best exploit leaf-color modification for improving crop productivity,adjustments of crop management practices are required.

关键词： source-sink relationship biomass nitrogen Oryza sativa leaf-color modification

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CT Output Dose Performance-Conventional Approach versus the Dose Equilibrium Method

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International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2018年第1期7卷 15-26页

作者： Ahmad Albngali Andy Shearer Wil van der putten Brendan Tuohy Niall Colgan Department of Physics National University of Ireland Galway Ireland Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering Galway University Hospitals Galway Ireland

Current output dose measurement in CT is based on (CTDI). The conventional methodology of CT dosimetric performance characterization is not appropriate to modern CT scanners with helical scanning modes, dose modulation, array detectors and multiple slice planes or cone-beam irradiation geometries. AAPM TG 111 report recognizes the shortfall of the CTDI methods and recommends a new technique that more accurately characterizes the dose profile from modern CT scanners, which utilizes a short conventional ion chamber rather than a pencil chamber. We developed and characterize a in-house phantom design using a three separate anatomical regions of clinical scan sequences (head, chest and abdomen), and determined the equilibrium dose in our dose equilibrium phantom, measured if the attenuation of the beam is the equal to that of CTDI Perspex phantom and compare CTDI dose estimations using a standard pencil chamber to the dose equilibrium phantom measurements. This methodology allows measurements of the accumulated dose for any clinical scan length and allowing measurement of the equilibrium dose. Using the new methodology, we determined that the CTDI approach can underestimate the dose by 25% to 35% and all of our dose values from the water phantom and farmer chamber were independently verified with TLD measurements.

关键词： Computed Tomography Dixon Method Farmer Chamber CT Dosimetry

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The opinion and experience of surgeons with laparoscopic bowel grasper haptics

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2010年第4期3卷 422-429页

作者： Eleonora P. Westebring-van der putten Margriet C. J. Berben Richard h. M. Goossens Jack J. Jakimowicz Jenny Dankelman 不详

Background: In order to develop new and better laparoscopic bowel instruments, which reduces patient risks, the opinions and experience that surgeons have with current laparoscopic bowel grasper haptics is important. In this study we explored this by means of a questionnaire. Method: A total of 386 online- questionnaires, were sent to laparoscopic surgeons working in European hospitals. They were all members of the European Association of Endoscopic Surgery and perform laparoscopic obesities or bowel surgery. Surgeons where divided into different age and experience groups. Results: A total of 174 completely filled out forms were analyzed. In total, 16% of the surgeons cannot prevent damage when they pinch too hard, although they (10%) might have seen or felt it. Seven percent of the respondents were not able to see or feel tissue slippage. Whereas 31% can see or feel slippage they cannot do anything to prevent it. Overall, most of the respondents would appreciate technical changes in the laparoscopic bowel graspers to reduce tissue damage. Of all the respondents, 79% maintain that it is necessary to have a new laparoscopic grasper with augmented feedback. The majority of the respondents (77%) would like to have tactile feedback as an indication of the level of pinch force. There are not many differences in the opinions of surgeons at different skill levels. Conclusion: From the results of the questionnaire and the other comments made by respondents it is evident that research and developments in the field of new laparoscopic graspers should continue.

关键词： Laparoscopy Vision and Experience Bowel Graspers Questionnaire haptic Feedback

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管理会计创造可持续价值

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新会计 2015年第4期 36-37页

作者： wim van der Stede

“这场危机给会计师们帮了一个忙。过去经理们总是等待会计专家通知讨论绩效。而现在会计师们会收到来自公司上下的请求，请在一系列策略性问题上提供建议和支持。”这是2009年《欧洲CFO》杂志上的一句话。这同时适用于东西方吗？伦敦... 详细信息

“这场危机给会计师们帮了一个忙。过去经理们总是等待会计专家通知讨论绩效。而现在会计师们会收到来自公司上下的请求，请在一系列策略性问题上提供建议和支持。”这是2009年《欧洲CFO》杂志上的一句话。这同时适用于东西方吗？伦敦政治经济学院的Wire vander Stede教授给大家带来了一份基于4000余份问卷的调查报告。见图（4）。

关键词：管理会计持续价值伦敦政治经济学院 2009年会计师性问题 CFO 东西方

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标准化：大规模部署的关键

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网络电信 2005年第11期7卷 56-59页

作者： F.van der putten S.Ooghe

标准使DSL技术成为Triple-play（三重播放）部署的一个可信任的部分。

关键词：标准化部署 DSL技术播放

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“问诊”企业治理

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新理财（公司理财） 2010年第2期 110-111页

作者： wim van der STEDE 罗睿杰

监审态度与经济周期的错位,常常导致业绩和风险管理失衡的局面。在大家都沉浸在成功的喜悦中时,企业应当考虑采取措施来平衡业绩审查循环,大胆地提出一些尖锐的问题,将是一个好的开始。

关键词：企业治理问诊经济周期风险管理业绩失衡

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绩效奖励的陷阱

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新理财（公司理财） 2009年第2期 111-112页

作者： wim van der Stede 董左卉子

物质性奖励并非多多益善。实际上，绩效奖励的负效应与其使用强度相应成比例。

关键词：奖励绩效物质性负效应

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Non-isoplanatic lens aberration correction in dark-field digital holographic microscopy for semiconductor metrology

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2023年第4期4卷 117-129页

作者： Tamar van Gardingen-Cromwijk Sander Konijnenberg wim Coene Manashee Adhikary Teus Tukker Stefan Witte Johannes F.de Boer Arie den Boef Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaBVrije UniversiteitDe Boelelaan 10811081 HV AmsterdamThe Netherlands Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography(ARCNL) Science Park 1061098 XG AmsterdamThe Netherlands ASML Netherlands B.V. De Run 65015504 DRVeldhovenThe Netherlands Department Imaging Physics Delft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629 HZ DelftThe Netherlands

In the semiconductor industry,the demand for more precise and accurate overlay metrology tools has increased because of the continued shrinking of feature sizes in integrated *** achieve the required sub-nanometre precision,the current technology for overlay metrology has become complex and is reaching its ***,we present a dark-field digital holographic microscope using a simple two-element imaging lens with a high numerical aperture capable of imaging from the visible to near-infrared *** combination of high resolution and wavelength coverage was achieved by combining a simple imaging lens with a fast and accurate correction of non-isoplanatic *** present experimental results for overlay targets that demonstrate the capability of our computational aberration correction in the visible and near-infrared wavelength *** wide-ranged-wavelength imaging system can advance semiconductor metrology.

关键词： Lens aberrations Non-isoplanatism Digital holographic microscopy Metrology Computational imaging

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