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Seasonal variation and host sex affect bat–bat fly interaction networks in the Amazonian savannahs

Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 400-416页

作者： Paulo MEJIA Gustavo Lima UrBIETA Bruna da silva XAVIEr IsaíJorge de CASTrO JoséJúlio DE TOLEDO Gustavo GrACIOLLI Lucio AndréVIANA dias William Douglas CArVALHO Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical Universidade Federal do Amapá(UNIFAP)MacapáAPBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Instituto de BiologiaCentro de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro(UFRJ)Rio de JaneiroRJBrazil Laboratório de Mamíferos Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá(IEPA)MacapáAPBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal Laboratório de SistemáticaEcologia e Evolução(LSEE)Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul(UFMS)Campo GrandeMTBrazil Terrestrial Ecology Group(TEG-UAM) Departamento de EcologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global(CIBC-UAM) Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain

Bats are the second-most diverse group of mammals in the world,and bat flies are their main parasites.However,significant knowledge gaps remain regarding these antagonistic interactions,especially since diverse factors such as seasonality and host sex can affect their network structures.Here,we explore the influence of such factors by comparing species richness and composition of bat flies on host bats,as well as specialization and modularity of bat–bat fly interaction networks between seasons and adult host sexes.We captured bats and collected their ectoparasitic flies at 10 sampling sites in the savannahs of AmapáState,northeastern region of the Brazilian Amazon.Despite female bats being more parasitized and recording greater bat fly species richness in the wet season,neither relationship was statistically significant.The pooled network could be divided into 15 compartments with 54 links,and all subnetworks comprised>12 compartments.The total number of links ranged from 27 to 48(for the dry and wet seasons,respectively),and female and male subnetworks had 44 and 41 links,respectively.Connectance values were very low for the pooled network and for all subnetworks.Our results revealed higher bat fly species richness and abundance in the wet season,whereas specialization and modularity were higher in the dry season.Moreover,the subnetwork for female bats displayed higher specialization and modularity than the male subnetwork.Therefore,both seasonality and host sex contribute in different ways to bat–bat fly network structure.Future studies should consider these factors when evaluating bat–bat fly interaction networks.

关键词： Amapá Amazon biome bat flies bats interaction networks

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A remote sensing approach to estimate the load bearing capacity of soil

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2024年第1期11卷 109-116页

作者： Italo rômulo Mendes de Souza Edson Eyji Sano renato Paiva de Lima Anderson rodrigo da silva Statistics and Geoprocessing Laboratory Instituto Federal GoianoGeraldo Silva Nascimento RoadKm 2.575790-000 UrutaíGoiásBrazil Embrapa Cerrados BR-020 RoadKm 18Mailbox 0822373310-970 PlanaltinaDFBrazil Department of Soil Science ‘Luiz de Queiroz’College of AgricultureUniversity of São PauloAv.Pádua Dias235-AgronomiaPiracicabaSP 13418-900Brazil

Preconsolidation pressure(σp)of soil can be considered as an indicator of the Load Bearing Capacity(LBC),which is the tolerated surface pressure before compaction,often caused by the traffic of agricultural machinery.In this pioneering study,a remote sensing approach was introduced to estimate LBC throughσp from soils of the“rio Preto”Hydrographic Basin,Bahia State,Brazil,in a monthly time lapse from 2016 to 2019.Traditionally,σp is measured by a laborious and time demanding laboratory analysis,making it unfeasible to map large areas.The innovative methodology of this work consists of combining active–passive satellite data on soil moisture and pedotransfer functions of clay content and water matric potential to obtain geo-located estimates ofσp.Estimates were analysed under different classes of soil use,land cover and slope;95%confidence intervals were built for the time series of mean values of LBC for each class.The overall seasonal variation in LBC estimates is similar in areas with annual crops,grasslands and natural vegetation,and flat areas are less affected by soil moisture variations over the year(between seasons).LBC decreased,in general,at about 0.5%a year in flat areas.Therefore,these areas demand attention,since they occupy 86%of the Basin and are mostly subjected to agricultural soil management and surface pressure by heavy machinery.

关键词： Soil compaction SMAP Preconsolidation stress Brazilian Cerrado

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Challenges in Implementing DVI Best Practice Guidelines Due to the Brumadinho Disaster

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Forensic Medicine and Anatomy research 2024年第1期12卷 1-12页

作者： reinaldo Moreira silva Bruno Diniz Sander Morais Carlos danilo ruas silva Elza Cristina Lopes de Oliveira Fernando Pereira Macedo Giovanni Vitral Pinto Guadalupe Dell’Arret Coutinho Higgor Gonçalves Dornelas João Luiz silva Moreira Laila Evangelista de Almeida Fernandes Marcia Lobão Iannini Patrícia Siqueira Valéria rosalina dias e Santos Sordaini Maria Caligiorne Instituto de Criminalística Polícia Civil de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil

The broke of a tailings dam from Vale S.A. destroyed a gigantic area killing 270 persons in Brumadinho/Brazil. Organizing activities after a mass disaster is a complex process that requires the involvement of many people and resources in the laboratory. To DNA identification of the victims, a daunting work had to be made by DNA laboratory staff in a collaborative effort with many partners. Efforts to implement good practice guidelines in Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) have revealed several important aspects that need to change in the forensic DNA laboratory. This article highlights the challenges of implementing DVI best practice guidelines in resource-poor settings, but with professionals from different sectors engaged in the same goal of briefly identifying victims and helping families and society.

关键词： Disaster Victim Identification DNA Brumadinho

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The interplay between leaf water potential and osmotic adjustment on photosynthetic and growth parameters of tropical dry forest trees

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Journal of Forestry research 2023年第1期34卷 177-186页

作者： Tiago de Sousa Leite romulo Magno Oliveira de Freitas Nildo da silva dias Jeferson Luiz dallabona Dombroski Narjara Walessa Nogueira Federal University of Mato Grosso CuiabáMTBrazil Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Rio Grande do NortePau dos FerrosRNBrazil Federal rural University of the Semi-Arid region MossoróRNBrazil

Mimosa tenuiflora and Piptadenia stipulacea are commonly accepted as drought-tolerant species but little is known about their response to drought followed by rehydration.Therefore,the interplay between leaf water potential and osmotic adjustment on photo synthetic and growth parameters of these species was examined.A greenhouse study was conducted in a split-plot design with two water conditions in the main plots(control;drought followed by rehydration),and eight sampling times in the subplots(1,4and 7 days of drought,and 1,3,6,12,and 17 days of rehydration).Plant water status and biochemical changes were assessed as well as leaf gas exchange and subsequent growth.Under drought stress,both species maintained a low leaf water potential throughout the day by accumulating compatible solutes,thus allowing a rapid and full recovery of water status when rehydrated.Although these plants minimized water loss by closing their stomata,neither showed stomatal limitations to photosynthesis.The inhibition of this process during drought was possibly related to mesophyll limitations as well as to a reversible downregulation of photo systems,along with adjustments of their stoichiometry.Water deficits also triggered morphological adaptations at the whole plant level,leading to reduced growth,mainly of the shoots in M.tenuiflora and the roots in P.stipulacea.

关键词： Drought stress rehydration Gas exchange Plant biomass

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Metamorphic disturbances of magnetite chemistry and the Sm-Nd isotopic system of reworked Archean iron formations from NE Brazil

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第5期13卷 227-241页

作者： Joice dias de Moraes Pedro Cordeiro Eduardo Abrahão Filho Juliana rezende Oliveira Carlos Victor rios da silva Filho Instituto de Geociências Universidade de Brasília(UnB)70910-900 BrasíliaDFBrazil Department of Mining Engineering Pontifical Catholic University of Chile7820436 SantiagoChile

Iron formations are valuable archives of sedimentary conditions and post-depositional events.However,geochemical proxies commonly used to determine genetic characteristics can be variably modified during metamorphism and deformation,hampering their use as records of regional geological events.This work focuses on strongly reworked magnetite-quartz-rich rocks from the São Josédo Campestre Massif,one of the oldest fragments of preserved crust in South America.The genetic classification of these magnetite-quartz-rich rocks is not straightforward because primary assemblages and textures were variably modified by granulite facies metamorphism during a regional Paleoproterozoic migmatization event.To address genetic ambiguities,we analyzed their magnetite and pyroxene chemistry,wholerock geochemistry,and Sm-Nd isotopes.Magnetite chemistry indicates that pyroxene-poor iron formations(Type B)are low in trace elements such as Ti,Al,V,and Mn,suggesting a chemical similarity to iron formations elsewhere.In contrast,magnetites from pyroxene-enriched Type A iron formations are rich in trace elements and more akin to magnetite crystallized from higher temperature systems,such as skarn and IOCG.The^(147)Sm/^(144)Nd of these rocks show substantial variation even at the outcrop scale,indicating a locally-controlled,highly heterogeneous mixture of Archean,Paleoproterozoic,and Neoproterozoic sources.Therefore,our geochemical tools point out to heterogenous signatures of these magnetitequartz rocks and proxies compatible with both low and high-temperature conditions and age of deposition spanning sources from the Archean to the Neoproterozoic.We interpret that the studied São Josédo Campestre magnetite-quartz rocks represent Archean iron formations with original magnetite chemistry and isotopic signatures variably modified by metamorphism and by at least one deformation-related hydrothermal event.These results contrast with similar examples from China and Greenland where iron formations either preserved the magnetite chemistry or th

关键词： Metamorphic disturbances of magnetite chemistry and the Sm-Nd isotopic system of reworked Archean iron formations from NE Brazil

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香椿的树木年轮宽度与超年生殖行为的相互关系:对树轮学研究的警示

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第1期17卷 165-171页

作者： Monique silva Costa Thaís Jorge de Vasconcellos Claudio Sergio Lisi Arno Fritz Neves Brandes Mario Tomazello-Filho Cátia Henriques Callado Instituto de Aplicação Fernando rodrigues da Silveira Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroRua Barão de Itapagipe96.Rio Comprido 20261-005Rio de JaneiroBrazil Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroRua São Francisco Xavier524Maracanã20550-013Rio de JaneiroBrazil Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal de SergipeAv.Marechal Rondon s/n-Rosa Elze.São Cristóvão 49100-000SergipeBrazil Departamento de Biologia Geral Universidade Federal FluminenseRua Prof.Marcos Waldemar de Freitas ReisS/N.Gragoatá24210-201Rio de JaneiroBrazil Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz Universidade de São PauloAv.Pádua Dias11.Piracicaba 13418-900São PauloBrazil

资源分配到生殖过程涉及到生态和进化因素,可能会减少植物的营养生长。这种相互关系在自然界中不容易观察到,因为有许多参数可以限制生殖结构的产生或生物量的增加。我们将香椿(Cedrela odorata L.,楝科)在里约热内卢州大西洋森林中的... 详细信息

资源分配到生殖过程涉及到生态和进化因素,可能会减少植物的营养生长。这种相互关系在自然界中不容易观察到,因为有许多参数可以限制生殖结构的产生或生物量的增加。我们将香椿(Cedrela odorata L.,楝科)在里约热内卢州大西洋森林中的树木年轮宽度与超年生殖行为相关联。总体而言,生殖结构的发育发生在湿润的年份,在生长季初期没有出现水分亏缺。然而,在这些年份,树木年轮宽度较小。这些结果可能与树木年轮宽度与当地气候之间缺乏相关性有关。因此,我们强调在径向生长研究中纳入生殖数据的重要性,以扩大对热带森林生长变异性的理解。

关键词：植物生长策略树木年轮学树木生态学生殖权衡

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Fractionation of rare earth and other trace elements in crabs,Ucides cordatus,from a subtropical mangrove affected by fertilizer industry

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第4期29卷 69-76页

作者： Alice Bosco-Santos Wanilson Luiz-silva Emmanoel Vieira da silva-Filho Monique dias Corrêa de Souza Elton Luiz dantas Margareth Sugano Navarro State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Institute of Geosciences Department of Geology and Natural Resources Campinas Sao Paulo 13083870 Brazil . Fluminense Federal University (UFF) Institute of Chemistry Department of Geochemistry Niteroi Rio de Janeiro 24900970 Brazil University of Brasília(UnB) Institute of Geosciences Department of Geology Brasflia Distrito Federal 70910900 Brazil

Fractionation of rare earth elements（rEE） and other trace metal concentrations（Th, U, Cd,Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn） between mangrove sediments and claw muscles and shells of male crabs（Ucides cordatus） from a subtropical estuary highly impacted by fertilizer industry activities was investigated. This is the first record of rEE distribution in these organisms,and the results showed higher accumulations of these metals, U and Th in shells, probably related to the replacement of Ca during molting. Contents of Cd, Cr and Ni were similar in both tissues, but Cu, Zn and Pb were mostly accumulated in the claw muscle with concentrations above those considered safe for human consumption according to the Brazilian legislation. rEE fractionation was different in the analyzed tissues being softer in the shells. The results provided evidences that the water absorbed during molting controls the chemistry of rEE in shells. In contrast, the chemistry of rEE in the claw muscle, in which was observed preferential absorption of light rEE, is controlled by diet. rEE fractionation obtained for the claw muscles was closely correlated to the observed in the contaminated substrate and in materials related to the production of phosphate fertilizers（contamination source）, which supports their transference to this Ucides cordatus tissue without fractionation by the ingestion of sediments. Our results showed the potential use of crab tissues for monitoring rEE and trace element sources in mangrove areas, with claw muscle exhibiting the contaminant source fingerprint.

关键词： rare earth elements Trace metals Fertilizer contamination Crabs

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Modeling Size-number Distributions of Seeds for Use in Soil Bank Studies

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第5期50卷 531-535页

作者： Hugo Casco Alexandra Soveral dias Luís silva dias Chemical Ecology Unit Centre of Ecology and EnvironmentUniversidade de vora7002-554 vora Portugal

Knowledge of soil seed banks is essential to understand the dynamics of plant populations and communities and would greatly benefit from the integration of existing knowledge on ecological correlations of seed size and shape. The present study aims to establish a feasible and meaningful method to describe size-number distributions of seeds in multi-species situations. For that purpose, size-number distributions of seeds with known length, width and thickness were determined by sequential sieving. The most appropriate combination of sieves and seeds dimensions was established, and the adequacy of the power function and the Weibull model to describe size-number distributions of spherical, non-spherical, and all seeds was investigated. We found that the geometric mean of seed length, width and thickness was the most adequate size estimator, providing shape-independent measures of seeds volume directly related to sieves mesh side, and that both the power function and the Weibull model provide high quality descriptions of size-number distributions of spherical, non-spherical, and all seeds. We also found that, in spite of its slightly lower accuracy, the power function is, at this stage, a more trustworthy model to characterize size-number distributions of seeds in soil banks because in some Weibull equations the estimates of the scale parameter were not acceptable.

关键词： accuracy power function seeds shape seeds size size-number distributions Weibull model.

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Identification of victims of the collapse of a mine tailing dam in Brumadinho

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Forensic Sciences research 2022年第4期7卷 580-589页

作者： ricardo Moreira Araújo Yara Vieira Lemos Erlon dias do Nascimento Anna Helena silva Paraizo Alberto Julius Alves Wainstein Ana Paula Drummond-Lage Faculty of Medical Sciences of Minas Gerais Belo HorizonteBrazil Instituto Médico Legal Andréroquette Belo HorizonteBrazil Corpo de Bombeiros Militar de Minas Gerais Juiz de ForaBrazil

The collapse of the B1 dam of VALESAmining company in Brumadinho,Minas Gerais,Brazil was the largest humanitarian disaster and occupational accident in the country’s history,and it posed challenges regarding the management and identification of multiple victims.We evaluated the impact of the iron ore tailings on the victims’bodies.We examined the scientific identification of the victims and the dynamics of the disaster over the 1st year after it occurred.We also determined the socio-demographic profiles of the victims.In this retrospective,cross-sectional study,we investigated the expert reports of the victims’biological remains from 25 January 2019 to 25 January 2020.We analysed the socio-demographic data,identification methods,identification status,identification time,and necroscopic information.During the study period,259 of 270 victims were identified,and 603 biological materials were analysed;among them,86.2%were body parts and 13.8%were whole bodies.Of the total cases registered that year,476(78.9%)were submitted during the first 10 weeks after the disaster.Friction ridge analysis accounted for 67.9%of primary identifications and DNAanalysis did so for 91.6%of re-identification cases.Body dismemberment was 3.4 times greater among mine workers than among community victims.Adult males accounted for the greatest number of victims(Praumatic injury was the prevalent single cause of death.Necropsy examination revealed the occurrence of asphyxia in 7%of cases.The higher number of fatalities and greater dismemberment among employees than with community residents underlines the occupational dangers in the mining industry and clarifies the dynamics of the disaster.In the initial weeks after the dam collapsed,friction ridge analysis was the most appropriate method for identification.Subsequently,DNAanalysis became the most-used technique for identification and re-identification owing to the great volume of body parts and decomposed biological tissue.Autopsy allowed diagnosis of the causes of death to be c

关键词： Disasters victim identification tailings mining legal medicine developing countries man-made disasters traumatic amputation

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Integrating species and successional classes for wood production in a mixed forest restoration system in a neotropical region

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Journal of Forestry research 2021年第6期32卷 2313-2321页

作者： Ananias Francisco dias Junior Ana Lucia Martins Sodero Pincelli Ana Paula Camara da silva Alison Moreira da silva Natalia dias de Souza Mario Tommasiello Filho Jose Otavio Brito Wood and Forestry Science Department Federal University of EspIrito Santo(UFES)Av.Governador Lindemberg316JerOnimo Monteiro CityES 29550-000Brazil São Paulo State School of Technology(FATEC/SP) Av.DiacOno Jair de Oliveira651PiracicabaSP 13414-141Brazil Forest Products Department Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro(UFRRJ)BR 465km 07SeropEdicaRJ 29890-000Brazil University of SAo Paulo “Luiz de Queiroz”College of Agriculture(USP/ESALQ)Av.PAdua Dias11PiracicabaSP 13418-900Brazil

As forests in neotropical regions,particularly in developing countries,are devastated,interventions to restore biodiversity and its ecological functions are needed.rural producers have thus been encouraged to grow trees for wood production as an economic activity.The objective of this study was to quantify the increment of wood density of four forest species from different successional classes of a mixed system of restoration in a neotropical forest in Brazil.Tree discs were sampled at breast height and analyzed radially by X-ray densitometry to obtain apparent density and basic density.Three trees each of a species from the pioneer,early and late secondary successional stages and of the dominant species in the climax community.The radial profiles indicated increasing density from the pith to bark of trunks,except for some variations due to wood defects and growth.Average density was 0.576 g cm^(-3),0.655 g cm^(-3),0.706 g cm^(-3)and 0.775 g cm^(-3),respectively,for Peltophorum dubium,Schinus terebinthifolius,Cariniana estrellensis and Hymenaea courbaril.radial profiles indicated higher amplitudes in the apparent densities for slow-growing species.X-ray densitometry generated parameters such as minimum,average and maximum densities,and radial density variations.These parameters are important for understanding the ecological functional role of successional classes of the Atlantic Forest from the Neotropical region.

关键词： X-ray densitometry Timber species of neotropical forest Successional classes of forest species Maintenance of forest restoration

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