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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 2-7页

作者： Grant R. SINGLETON Lyn A. HINDS Rhodes makundi Steven R. BELMAIN Natural Resources Institute University of Greenwich Kent UK CSIRO Health and Biosecurity Canberra ACT Australia African Centre of Excellence for Innovative Rodent Pest Management and Biosensor Technology Development Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Institute of Pest Management Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

“During rodent outbreak years in eastern Africa,lo-cally,more than 80%of the potential harvest may be lost,but even in non-outbreak periods,rodents cause chronic damage to crops….The pest rodent story in Africa in-volves several species embedded in a broad and variable landscape with highly variable densities.”(Leirs et al.2010).

关键词： damage crops

温室气体缓解对策:从美国国家研究计划得到的初步结果

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人类环境杂志 1996年第1期25卷 26-32页

作者： Robert K.Dixon Jayant A.Sathaye Stephen P.Meyers Omar R.Masera Alexey A.Makarov Sekou Toure willy makundi Stephen Wiel 朱志辉 Robert K.Dixon DirectorU.S.Country Studies ProgramPO-631000 Independence AvenueSWWashingtonDC 20585 USA Jayant A.Sathaye Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryM.S.90-40001 Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA 94720 USA Stephen P.Meyers Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryM.S.90-40001 Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA 94720 USA willy makundi Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryM.S.90-40001 Cyclotron Road.Berkeley.CA 94720 USA Stephen Wiel.Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory M.S.90-40001 Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA 94720 USA Omar R.Masera Associate ProfessorCentro de EcologiaUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoMexico D.F.04510Mexico Alexey A.Makarov DirectorEnergy Research InstituteRussian Academy of science44/2 Vavilov St.Moscow 117333Russian Federation Sekou Toure Ecole Nationale Superieue des Travaux PublicsMinistere de L‘Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche Scientifique of Cote d’lvorieAbidjan BPV 148 Ivory Coast

根据联合国气候变化框架公约(UNFCCC)的要求,发展中国家和过渡国家最后必须报告温室气体(GHG)的排放清单和应对(缓解)方案。美国和其它捐款国正在为气候变化的国家研究提供财政和技术支持,以便在UNFCCC指导下帮助满足这些研究的需求。... 详细信息

根据联合国气候变化框架公约(UNFCCC)的要求,发展中国家和过渡国家最后必须报告温室气体(GHG)的排放清单和应对(缓解)方案。美国和其它捐款国正在为气候变化的国家研究提供财政和技术支持,以便在UNFCCC指导下帮助满足这些研究的需求。为完成缓解评估所提供的技术援助包括:训练分析人员,共享现代设备和评估方法,实现资料分享和分析人员的交流计划。受援国家的分析人员可以获得25种以上的分析设备以帮助他们完成各自国家的温室气体缓解评估。初步评估表明,稳定温室气体排放的对策应集中关注矿物燃料的燃烧和森林的经营管理,因为矿物燃料燃烧是二氧化碳(CO_2)的主要来源,而森林则可以吸收或保存碳(C)。在某些国家,减少从水稻田、牲畜产物和废物处理中排放的甲烷(CH_4)也被认为是具有重要意义的应对选择。人和公共机构对付全球气候变化问题的能力加强将为发展中国家和过渡国家提供实现UNFCCC目标的持续基础。

关键词：温室气体美国国家研究计划缓解对策

Impact of contraceptive hormones on the reproductive potential of male and female commensal black rats (Rattus rattus)

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第6期17卷 991-1001页

作者： Mwajabu SELEMANI Rhodes H.makundi Apia W.MASSAWE Ginethon MHAMPHI Loth S.MULUNGU Steven R.BELMAIN Department of Wildlife Management Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Pest Management Centre Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Natural Resources InstituteUniversity of Greenwich KentUK

The black rat is considered one of the world’s top *** increased restrictions on rodenticides,new alternatives to manage rats are urgently *** on the use of contraceptive hormones,levonorgestrel(LE),and quinestrol(QU),have been evaluated against some rodent species,and this research is theﬁrst study to assess these on black *** were incorporated into rodent bait at 10 and 50 ppm concentrations singly and in combination(EP-1).Groups of 10 animals of each sex were fed the baits over 7 *** bait consumption was observed with slight body mass *** dissection,it was observed that the uterus was in a state of edema and male reproductive organs weighed less with reduced sperm counts/*** 2 most promising baits,50 ppm QU and EP-1,were used to assess impact on pregnancy and litter *** was reduced from 70%success when both males and females consumed untreated bait,down to 30%when males had consumed contraceptive bait but females had not,and down to 0%when females had consumed contraceptive bait,regardless of whether they had paired with a treated or untreated *** size in the untreated pairs was 8 pups,but only 4 pups in those cases where the male only had consumed the *** studies should investigate how long the effect lasts and its *** studies at the population level may also shed light on the practicality of using contraceptive baits for black rats in different habitats.

关键词： contraceptive bait ecologically based rodent management fertility control levonorgestrel quinestrol

Seasonal and habitat dependence of fleas parasitic on small mammals in Tanzania

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Integrative Zoology 2009年第2期4卷 196-212页

作者： Anne LAUDISOIT Herwig LEIRS Rhodes makundi Boris Ronald KRASNOV Zoogeographical Research Unit Universitéde LiègeLiègeBelgium Evolutionary Ecology Group Universiteit AntwerpenAntwerpenBelgium General bacteriology Unit VARBrusselsBelgium Danish Pest Infestation Laboratory Department of Integrated Pest ManagementUniversity of AarhusKongens LyngbyDenmark Pest Management Centre Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert ResearchBen-Gurion University of the NegevMidreshet Ben-GurionIsrael

We investigated host and flea species composition across different habitats during dry and rainy seasons in the Western Usambara Mountains in *** both seasons,similarity in flea species composition increased with an increase in the similarity in host species ***,between-season within-habitat as well as within-season between-habitat similarity in host species composition was higher than similarity in flea species *** of habitats according to their host and flea species composition demonstrated that the pattern of between-habitat similarity in both host and flea species composition varied *** the relatively rich mammal and flea fauna of the study region,the major contribution to variation in species composition between seasons and among habitats was due to a few species *** assemblages on Lophuromys kilonzoi Verheyen et al.,2007 and Praomys delectorum Thomas,1910 in different habitats were equally similar in either *** contrast,flea assemblages on Mastomys natalensis(Smith,1834)occurring in different habitats were more similar in the dry than in the rainy season,whereas the opposite was the case for fleas on Grammomys *** different hosts,the main differences in species composition of flea assemblages between seasons as well as among habitats were due to different flea *** our results support the earlier idea that parasite species composition is determined by both host species composition and habitat properties,the former appears to explain variance in flea species composition between localities in the tropics better than between localities in temperate and arid zones.

关键词： Africa flea assemblages rodents seasonal tropical habitats.

Demography, reproductive biology and diet of the bushveld gerbil Tatera leucogaster (Rodentia: Gerbillinae) in the Lake Rukwa valley, south-western Tanzania

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Integrative Zoology 2008年第1期3卷 31-37页

作者： Richard O.ODHIAMBO Rhodes H.makundi Herwig LEIRS Ron VERHAGEN Pest Management Centre Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Evolutionary Biology Department of BiologyUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Danish Pest Infestation Laboratory Danish Institute of Agricultural SciencesKongens LyngbyDenmark

Seasonal abundance, reproductive biology and feeding ecology of the bushveld gerbil Tatera leucogaster (Peters,1852) were investigated in small-scale maize field–fallow land mosaics in south-western Tanzania. The gerbilswere collected over a 2-year period using Sherman live and Victor hold-fast snap traps in permanent 4.5-ha grids. Atotal of 664 individuals were captured over 13 650 trap nights, giving an overall trap success rate of 4.9%. Trapsuccess varied between seasons with and without crops in the field but not between habitat types. At this site, thebreeding activity of this species is seasonal. All individuals whose stomachs were analyzed ate a wide range ofitems, indicating omnivory in this species at this site;however, seeds were the most preferred diet category, with amean contribution of 50.4%, followed by arthropods, with a mean contribution of 25.7%. Other plant materialsbecame important during the very dry periods.

关键词： feeding ecology reproduction seasonal abundance Tanzania Tatera leucogaster

Are local plague endemicity and ecological characteristics of vectors and reservoirs related? A case study in north-east Tanzania

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Current Zoology 2009年第3期55卷 200-211页

作者： Anne LAUDISOIT Simon NEERINCKX Rhodes H.makundi Herwig LEIRS Boris R.KRASNOV Zoogeographical Research Unit University of Liège Evolutionary Ecology Group Department of BiologyUniversity of Antwerpen Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Celestijnenlaan Pest Management Centre Sokoine University of Agriculture Danish Pest Infestation Laboratory Department of Integrated Pest ManagementFaculty of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Aarhus Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental ResearchJacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen-Gurion University of the NegevSede-Boqer Campus

The pattern of plague endemicity in Tanzania is characterized by continuous re-appearance of the disease in some locations,while in other neighbouring villages the disease has never or seldom been *** understand the reasons for this pattern,we studied small mammal and flea species composition,diversity and relative abundances in two plague-endemic and two plague-free *** asked(a)whether fleas more abundant in plague-endemic locations differ in their characteristic abundance and the degree of their host specificity from fleas more abundant in plague-free locations and(b)whether hosts most abundant in plague-endemic locations differ in the diversity of their flea assemblages from hosts most abundant in plague-free *** characterized(a)each host species by species richness and degree of taxonomic relatedness of its flea assemblages and(b)each flea species by its mean abundance and size,and degree of taxonomic relatedness of its host spectrum and compared their relative abundances between *** significant difference between plague-endemic and plague-free locations in either host density or any variable related to flea abundance or diversity was ***,there was marginally significant effect of taxonomic distinctness of a flea assemblage harboured by a host on its probability to be more abundant in either plague-endemic or plague-free ***,hosts more abundant in plague-endemic locations tended to harbour closely-related ***,while opportunistic and specialist fleas were equally distributed in both sets of locations,fleas exploiting distantly-related hosts were found mainly in plague-free locations during the rainy *** suggest that the observed patterns might arise due to seasonal and spatial differences in local microclimatic conditions and landscape connectivity.

关键词：鼠疫跳蚤传染病疫情

Relationship between sampling intensity and precision for estimating damage to maize caused by rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2007年第3期2卷 131-135页

作者： Loth S.MULUNGU Rhodes H.makundi Apia W.MASSAWE Herwig LEIRS Pest Management Centre Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania University of Antwerp Evolutionary Biology GroupAntwerpenBelgium Danish Pest Infestation Laboratory University of AarhusDepartment of Integrated Pest ManagementKongens LyngbyDenmark

In this study we aimed to determine the relationship between sampling intensity and precision for estimating rodentdamage. We used the systematic row sampling technique to provide data to achieve precision and accuracy inestimations of rodent damage in maize fields at the planting and seedling stages. The actual rodent damage to maizein 15 fields, each 0.5 ha in size, in Morogoro, Tanzania, was established at the seedling stage. These data were usedto simulate the sampling intensities that would provide precision and accuracy. The variations between estimateswere plotted against the sampling intervals. The results of this study show that the relationship between averagestandardized variances and sampling intervals is linear. The heterogeneous distribution of damage in some plotscaused variations in the accuracy of the estimates between plots, but a sampling interval of five rows consistentlyproduced estimates with a variance of less than 10%. We provide a standard curve that will allow a decision to bemade on the sampling intensity as a function of required precision using the systematic row sampling technique inmaize fields.

关键词： rodents sampling interval simulation standard curve systematic row sampling

Preliminary investigation on rodent–ectoparasite associations in the highlands of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia:implications for potential zoonoses

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第4期6卷 366-374页

作者： Meheretu YONAS Kiros WELEGERIMA Anne LAUDISOIT Hans BAUER Kindeya GEBREHIWOT Seppe DECKERS Abdul KATAKWEBA Rhodes makundi Herwig LEIRS Department of Biology Mekelle UniversityMekelleEthiopia Evolutionary Ecology Group University of AntwerpBelgium Institute of Integrative Biology University of LiverpoolBiosciencesLiverpoolUK Institutional University Cooperation Project Mekelle UniversityMekelleEthiopia Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection Mekelle UniversityMekelleEthiopia Division of Soil and Water Management K.U.LeuvenHeverleeBelgium Pest Management Center Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Department of Integrated Pest Management University of AarhusSlagelseDenmark

We studied associations between rodents and their arthropod ectoparasites in crop fields and household compounds in the highlands of Tigray,Northern *** infestation indices,such as percent infestation,mean abundance,prevalence and host preferences,were calculated for each *** total,172 rodents from crop fields and 97 from household compounds were *** species and numbers trapped from the crop fields and household compounds were Mastomys awashensis(Lavrenchenko,Likhnova&Baskevich,1998)(88 and 44),Arvicanthis dembeensis(Ruppel,1842)(63 and 37)and Acomys sp.(21 and 16),respectively.A total of 558 insects and acarids(belonging to 11 taxa)were recovered from the rodents trapped in the crop fields,and 296 insects and acarid(belonging to 6 taxa)from the rodents trapped in the household *** 66%of the rodents trapped from the crop fields and 47%of those trapped from the household compounds were infested with *** sp.(64.9%)and Xenopsylla sp.(20.6%)comprised the highest proportion of the ectoparasites recovered in the crop fields,and the same ectoparasites,but in reverse order,comprised the highest proportions in the household compounds(Xenopsylla[50.3%]and Laelaps sp.[29%]).Our study revealed that crop fields and household compounds in the highlands share similar rodents and several ***,at least 1 of the rodent species and some of the ectoparasites identified in this study were reported to have posed medical and veterinary threats in other parts of Ethiopia and neighboring countries.

关键词： ectoparasites Northern Ethiopia rodents zoonoses

Distribution and ecology of lesser pouched rat,Beamys hindei,in Tanzanian coastal forests

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第6期10卷 531-542页

作者： Christopher A.SABUNI Vincent SLUYDTS Loth S.MULUNGU Samwel L.S.MAGANGA Rhodes H.makundi Herwig LEIRS Pest Management Centre Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Unit of Medical Entomology Institute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium Department of Wildlife Management Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Evolutionary Ecology Group University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium

The lesser pouched rat,Beamys hindei,is a small rodent that is patchily distributed in the Eastern Arc Mountains and coastal forests in East *** ecology of this species and its current distribution in coastal forests is not well ***,we conducted a study in selected coastal forests to assess the current distribution of the species and to investigate the population ecology in terms of abundance fluctuations and demographic *** of the species distribution were conducted in 5 forests through trapping with Sherman live *** on ecology were obtained from monthly capture–mark–recapture studies conducted for 5 consecutive nights per month in two 1 ha grids set in Zaraninge Forest over a 2-year *** results indicate the presence of *** in 3 forests where it was not previously *** population abundance estimates ranged from 1 to 40 animals per month,with high numbers recorded during rainy *** patterns and sex ratios did not differ between *** estimates were not influenced by season,and recruitment was low,with growth rate estimates of 1 animal per *** estimates suggest a stable population of *** in Zaraninge *** studies are recommended to establish the home range,diet and burrowing behavior of the species in coastal forests in East Africa.

关键词： abundance Beamys hindei coastal forests recruitment survival

Does exploratory behavior or activity in a wild mouse explain susceptibility to virus infection？

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Current Zoology 2018年第5期64卷 585-592页

作者： Bram VANDEN BROECKE Benny BORREMANS Joachim MARIEN Rhodes H. makundi Apia W. MASSAWE Herwig LEIRS Nelika K. HUGHES Evolutionary Ecology Group Department of Biology University of Antwerp Antwerp 2610 Belgium Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095-1606 USA and Pest Management Center Sokoine University of Agriculture Chuo Kikuu Morogoro 3110 Tanzania

Exploration and activity are often described as trade-offs between the fitness benefits of gathering information and resources, and the potential costs of increasing exposure to predators and parasites. More exploratory individuals are predicted to have higher rates of parasitism, but this relationship has rarely been examined for virus infections in wild populations. Here, we used the multimammate mouse to investigate the relationship between exploration, activity, and infection with Morogoro virus (MORV). We characterized individual exploratory behavior (open field and novel object tests) and activity (trap diversity), and quantified the relationship between these traits and infection status using linear regression. We found that expresses consistent individual differences, or personality types, in exploratory behavior (repeatability of 0.30, 95% CI: 0.21-0.36). In addition, we found a significant contrasting effect of age on exploration and activity where juveniles display higher exploration levels than adults, but lower field-activity. There was however no statistical evidence for a behavioral syndrome between these 2 traits. Contrary to our expectations, we found no correlation between MORV infection status and exploratory behavior or activity, which suggests that these behaviors may not increase exposure probability to MORV infection. This would further imply that variation in viral infection between individuals is not affected by between-individual variation in exploration and activity.

关键词：病毒感染行为老鼠危险性野生食肉动物目标测试线性回归