Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) represents a unique challenge for physicians and *** is no definitively curative ***,many treatment and management modalities exist with differing advantages and *** current guidelines an...
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Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) represents a unique challenge for physicians and *** is no definitively curative ***,many treatment and management modalities exist with differing advantages and *** current guidelines and individual patient concerns must be taken into account in order to properly manage *** addition,quality of life issues are particularly complex in patients with HCC and these concerns must also be factored into treatment ***,considering all the options and their various pros and cons can quickly become complex for both clinicians and *** this review,we systematically discuss the current treatment modalities available for HCC,detailing relevant clinical data,risks and rewards and overall outcomes for each *** options discussed include resection,transplantation and *** also discuss the radiation modalities:conformal radiotherapy,yttrium 90 microspheres and proton and heavy ion *** biologic agent Sorafenib is discussed as a promising new approach,and recent clinical trials are *** then detail currently described molecular pathways implicated in the initiation and progression of HCC,and we explore the potential of each pathway as an avenue for drug *** hope this comprehensive and forward-looking review enables both clinicians and patients to understand various options and thereby make more informed decisions regarding this disease.
Endophytic species of Colletotrichum associated with Mangifera indica(mango)are poorly *** this study,Colletotrichum species were isolated from mango in Pernambuco State,*** were significant differences in isolation f...
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Endophytic species of Colletotrichum associated with Mangifera indica(mango)are poorly *** this study,Colletotrichum species were isolated from mango in Pernambuco State,*** were significant differences in isolation frequencies of Colletotrichum species among sites and plant *** leaf blades were colonized by most Colletotrichum isolates at the majority of *** sequences of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH)of 97 Colletotrichum isolates were amplified as an initial measure of genetic *** analysis with a subset of 22 isolates were performed based on a multilocus dataset(ACT,TUB2,CAL,CHS-1,GAPDH,ITS)followed by Apn2/MAT IGS sequence-analysis for isolates within the *** species *** analysis associated with phenotypic characteristics revealed six previously described species[***,***,***(***),***,*** and ***]and one new *** new species is introduced as *** species isolated were pathogenic on mango fruits but varied in their *** was no distribution pattern of species among sites and plant tissues,although *** was the most prevalent species at all sites and in all plant tissues *** previously reported Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose in mango fruits in northeastern Brazil were also recovered as endophytes.
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