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抗肥胖症药物市场需求旺盛

Engineering 2024年第1期32卷 4-6页

作者： Sarah C.p.williams Senior Technology Writer

In early September 2023,when its market cap jumped to 428 billion USD,a valuation topping the estimated 2022 gross domestic product of its Scandinavian home country,the drugmaker Novo Nordisk(Bagsværd,Denmark)briefly eclipsed the French luxury brand conglomerateLMVH(paris,France)as Europe's most valuable company[1].The reason for the company's soaring worth?Its already best-selling weight loss drug Wegovy was being released to patients in the United Kingdom.

关键词： market French briefly

Indoor environmental quality(IEQ)assessment of Nigerian university libraries:A pilot study

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能源与人工环境(英文) 2021年第3期2卷 302-314页

作者： williams.p akanmu Sunday S Nunayon Uche C Eboson Department of Building School of Environmental TechnologyFederal University of TechnologyMinnaP.M.B 65MinnaNiger StateNigeria Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering City University of Hong KongTat Chee AvenueKowloonHong Kong

An indoor environmental quality(IEQ)assessment of academic libraries in Nigeria was conducted through ob-jective *** selected university libraries were Abubakar Gimba Library;Awwal Ibrahim Library;and Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida Library *** libraries were evaluated under operating conditions and during their peak usage *** of the main descriptors of good IEQ,including the acoustical,visual,and thermal comfort conditions were performed using portable IEQ *** methodology employed for the assessment of these IEQ descriptors followed prescriptions of international standards ASHRAE standard 55 and ISO *** determine the time of the day in which the library buildings can achieve optimum IEQ,measurements were taken in the morning and *** results obtained were compared with reference values found in the international Standard CIBSE Guide A for adequate IEQ compliance of academic *** findings of this study are expected to help in improving the IEQ of academic libraries in Nigeria and other parts of the world.

关键词： Comfort conditions Illuminance Indoor environmental quality Nigerian university libraries Noise level Thermal comfort

Evaluating implicit gender bias at Canadian otolaryngology meetings through use of professional title

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 12-17页

作者： Kylen Van Osch Agnieszka Dzioba Khadija Ahmed Andrew MacDonald Jamila Skinner Harley williams Julie E.Strychowsky M.Elise Graham Department of Otolaryngology-Head&Neck Surgery Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada Department of Otolaryngology London Health Sciences Centre Children's HospitalLondonOntarioCanada Faculty of Medicine Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada

Objectives:Increasing numbers of women enter medical school *** number of female physicians in leadership positions has been much slower to *** are also well‐documented differences in the treatment of women as compared to men in professional *** presenters are less likely to be introduced by their professional title(“Doctor”)for grand rounds and conferences,especially with a man performing the *** study reviewed the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery(CSOHNS)meetings from 2017 to 2020 to determine the proportion of presenters introduced by their professional title and whether this varied by ***:Recordings from CSOHNS meetings were reviewed and coded for introducer and presenter demographics,including leadership positions and ***‐squared tests of proportion and multivariate logistic regression was used to compare genders and identify factors associated with professional versus unprofessional forms of ***:No significant association was found between professional title use and introducer or presenter *** presenters were introduced with professional title 69.6%of the time,while male presenters were introduced with professional title 67.6%of the time(p=0.69).Residents were introduced with a professional title with the most frequency(75.8%),while attending staff were introduced with a professional title with the least frequency(63.0%)(p=0.02).Conclusions:The lack of gender bias in speaker introductions at recent CSOHNS meetings demonstrates progress in achieving gender equity in *** efforts should continue to define additional forms of unconscious bias that may be contributing to gender inequity in leadership positions.

关键词： attitude of health personnel gender identity Otolaryngology women

Is Induction of Labor with Early Rupture of Membranes Associated with an Increased Rate of Clinical Chorioamnionitis?

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第2期14卷 240-249页

作者： Laura Rankin Matthew Romagano Shauna williams Joseph Apuzzio Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Health Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Newark USA Lehigh Valley Health Network Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine Allentown USA

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if early rupture of membranes (ROM) in women undergoing induction of labor (IOL) at term is associated with an increased rate of clinical chorioamnionitis. Study Design: A retrospective cohort study was performed on women undergoing IOL. Early ROM was defined as ROM at a modified Bishop score less than 5, cervical dilation less than 4 cm, or cervical effacement less than 80%. The rate of clinical chorioamnionitis was compared between women with early and late ROM. Results: The rate of clinical chorioamnionitis was 8.6% (24/279). ROM at an effacement of less than 80% was associated with a rate of clinical chorioamnionitis of 15.4% (12/78) compared to 6.0% (12/201) at an effacement of equal to or greater than 80%, p = 0.017. The rate of cesarean delivery was higher for patients with early ROM by any definition: 32% compared to 17.5% by modified Bishop score (p = 0.031), 32.4% versus 18.2% by cervical dilation (p = 0.049), and 33.3% versus 14.9% by cervical effacement (p = 0.001). Conclusions: In patients undergoing IOL, early ROM may be associated with an increased rate of clinical chorioamnionitis when performed at a cervical effacement of less than 80% and an increased rate of cesarean delivery.

关键词： Amniotomy Cesarean Delivery Chorioamnionitis Induction of Labor Intraamniotic Infection perinatal Infection Rupture of Membranes Term pregnancy

生长阻滞特异性转录因子5剪接变异体GAS5_O1增强慢性髓系白血病细胞对伊马替尼的敏感性

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中国生物化学与分子生物学报 2024年第3期40卷 348-361页

作者：张斯玮 Gwyn T.williams 西安医学院基础医学部生物化学与分子生物学教研室西安710021 西安医学院西安市病原微生物与肿瘤免疫重点实验室西安710021 School of Life Sciences Keele UniversityStaffordshireUK

在多种肿瘤中,生长阻滞特异性转录因子5(growth-arrest specific transcript 5,GAS5)高表达与患者的良好生存期相关。GAS5存在多种剪接变异体,本研究探讨GAS5部分剪接变异体在髓系白血病细胞系中的表达模式。并基于对凋亡诱导敏感的慢... 详细信息

在多种肿瘤中,生长阻滞特异性转录因子5(growth-arrest specific transcript 5,GAS5)高表达与患者的良好生存期相关。GAS5存在多种剪接变异体,本研究探讨GAS5部分剪接变异体在髓系白血病细胞系中的表达模式。并基于对凋亡诱导敏感的慢性髓系白血病(chronic myeloid leukemia,CML)细胞系K562,研究GAS5部分剪接变异体对K562细胞自身增殖、凋亡以及对靶向药物伊马替尼(imatinib,IM)的敏感性的影响。反转录pCR结果显示,GAS5剪接模式在髓系白血病细胞系HL-60、K562、NB4和KASUMI-1之间未见明显差异。相较于指数增长期,GAS5_AE表达水平在细胞密度引起的生长停滞期有一定程度的累积。通过核转染,将GAS5剪接变异体(pcDNA3-GAS5_1B、-GAS5_2B、-GAS5_3A、-GAS5_4A、-GAS5_O1或-GAS5_AE)转入K562细胞的单克隆株中。通过台盼蓝染色、吖啶橙染色后进行细胞计数,克隆形成实验检测细胞集落形成能力。结果与对照组相比,瞬时转染GAS5剪接变异体并无抑制细胞的基础增殖或增强细胞对药物的敏感性。建立GAS5_O1的稳定转染株,延长培养时程并计算倍增时间,发现GAS5_O1的表达水平和倍增时间成正比(R^(2)=0.5692)。在稳转株O1-C8中观察到GAS5_O1可促进IM引起的细胞生长抑制(56.94%±2.84%vs.36.07%±2.32%,pp<0.05)。上述结果表明,GAS5_O1的上调可能增加CML细胞的倍增时间,并使CML细胞对IM处理敏感。

关键词：生长阻滞特异性转录因子5 剪接变异体慢性髓系白血病凋亡

Assessment of the effectiveness of weight-adjusted antibiotic administration,for reduced duration,in surgical prophylaxis of primary hip and knee arthroplasty

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第2期15卷 170-179页

作者： Tosan Okoro Michael Wan Takura Darlington Mukabeta Ella Malev Marketa Gross Claudia williams Muhammad Manjra Jan Herman Kuiper John Murnaghan Department of Arthroplasty Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation TrustOswestry SY107AGUnited Kingdom School of Medicine Keele UniversityStaffordshire ST55BGUnited Kingdom St Joseph’s Health Centre Unity Health TorontoToronto M6R 1B5Canada Department of Arthroplasty The Royal London HospitalBarts Health NHS TrustLondon E11BBUnited Kingdom Department of Arthroplasty Sunnybrook Holland Orthopaedic and Arthritis CentreToronto M4Y 1H1Canada Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine Keele UniversityStaffordshire ST51BGUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND prophylactic antibiotics have significantly led to a reduction in the risk of postoperative surgical site infections(SSI)in orthopaedic *** aim of using antibiotics for this purpose is to achieve serum and tissue drug levels that exceed,for the duration of the operation,the minimum inhibitory concentration of the likely organisms that are *** antibiotics reduce the rate of SSIs in lower limb arthroplasty from between 4%and 8%to between 1%and 3%.Controversy,however,still surrounds the optimal frequency and dosing of antibiotic *** To evaluate the impact of introduction of a weight-adjusted antibiotic prophylaxis regime,combined with a reduction in the duration of administration of post-operative antibiotics on SSI incidence during the 2 years following primary elective total hip and knee arthroplasty METHODS Following ethical approval,patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty(THA)/total knee arthroplasty(TKA)with the old regime(OR)of a preoperative dose[cefazolin 2 g intravenously(IV)],and two subsequent doses(2 h and 8 h),were compared to those after a change to a new regime(NR)of a weight-adjusted preoperative dose(cefazolin 2 g IV for patientspatients>120 kg)and a post-operative dose at 2 *** primary outcome in both groups was SSI rates during the 2 years *** A total of n=1273 operations(THA n=534,TKA n=739)were performed in n=1264 *** was no statistically significant difference in the rate of deep(OR 0.74%(5/675)vs NR 0.50%(3/598);fishers exact test p=0.72),nor superficial SSIs(OR 2.07%(14/675)vs NR 1.50%(9/598);chi-squared test p=0.44)at 2 years *** propensity score weighting and an interrupted time series analysis,there was also no difference in SSI rates between both groups[RR 0.88(95%CI 0.61 to 1.30)p=0.46].CONCLUSION A weight-adjusted regime,with a reduction in number of post-operative doses had no adverse impact on S

关键词： Antibiotics Weight-adjusted Hip and knee arthroplasty Surgical site infection

Effect of Cultivation on Soil Organic Matter and Aggregate Stability

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pedosphere 2005年第2期15卷 255-262页

作者： A.williams.p.VENEMAN Department of plant Soil and Insect Sciences University of Massachusetts MA 01003 (USA) Department of plant Amherst

Agricultural sustainability relates directly to maintaining or enhancing soil quality. Soil quality studies in Canada during the 1980’s showed that loss of soil organic matter (SOM) and soil aggregate stability was standard features of non-sustainable land management in agroecosystems. In this study total soil organic carbon (SOC), particulate organic matter (pOM), pOM-C as a percentage of total SOC, and aggregate stability were determined for three cultivated fields and three adjacent grassland fields to assess the impact of conventional agricultural management on soil quality. pOM was investigated using solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to determine any qualitative differences that may be attributed to cultivation. Results show a highly significant loss in total SOC, pOM and aggregate stability in the cultivated fields as compared to the grassland fields and a significant loss of pOM-C as a percentage of total SOC. Integrated results of the NMR spectra of the pOM show a loss in carbohydr

关键词： aggregate stability cultivation NMR particulate organic matter soil organic matter

CRISpR Narrows Gap Between Genetically Altered Foods and Consumers

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Engineering 2023年第1期20卷 6-8页

作者： Sarah C.p.williams Senior Technology Writer

In the not-too-distant future,it looks increasingly likely that grocery stores will offer food genetically altered in myriad slight ways to make it healthier,tastier,and more efficient to *** 2022,a flurry of research results and regulatory changes around the world brought gene-edited crops closer to consumers’*** genetically modified organisms(GMOs)created by introducing deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)from one organism into another’s genome,the new gene-edited organisms are engineered by using precise clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISpR)[1]—technology to alter their own *** distinction promises a plethora of new gene-edited crops and,in many countries now,a smoother road to commercialization.

关键词： CRISpR crops stores

Geoengineering Research Moves from Laboratory to Field

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Engineering 2023年第8期27卷 3-5页

作者： Sarah C.p.williams Senior Technology Writer

In March 2023,a converted bomber took off from Eielson Air Force Base in Alaska,USA,carrying a payload of delicate scientific instruments(Fig.1).Operated by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA),the flight aimed to collect a plethora of information about the Earth’s *** exploration sounds routine,but the mission’s goal is unusual for a government entity:to inform policy decisions surrounding large-scale,deliberate interventions to alter the stratosphere for climate change mitigation[1].The approach of deflecting sunlight to cool the planet,called solar radiation management or solar geoengineering,was long considered a fringe *** with recent funding and attention from government agencies like NOAA,the approach is moving mainstream.

关键词： Earth planet payload