检索结果-南通市图书馆

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

远视对小学生学习质量的影响

世界核心医学期刊文摘（眼科学分册） 2005年第6期1卷 1-2页

作者： williams w.r. Latif A.H.A. Hannington L. watkins D.r. 陈立军 Children' s Centre Royal Glamorgan Hospital Llantrisant CF72 8XR United Kingdom

Background: Vision screening addresses the visual impairments that impact on child development. Tests of long-sightedness are not found in most school screening programmes. The evidence linking mild-moderate hyperopia and lack of progress in school is insufficient, although strengthened by recent findings of developmental problems in infants. Aims: To report on the relation between hyperopia and education test results in a cohort of primary school children. Methods: A total of 1 298 children, aged 8 years, were screened for hyperopia on the basis of fogging test results. School test results (NFEr and SATs) were compared between groups categorised by referral status and refractive error. results: A total of 166 (12.8% ) fogging test failures were referred for ophthalmic assessment. Ophthalmic tests on 105 children provided an accurate diagnosis of vision defects, for reference to their education scores. Fifty per cent of the children examined by optometrists required an intervention (prescription change, glasses prescribed, or referral). Mean (95% CI) NFEr scores of children with refractive errors (summed for both eyes) > + 3D (98.4, 93.0- 103.8, n =32) or > + 1.25D (best eye) (99.3, 93.0- 105.6, n=26)- were lower than the respective scores of children with a less positive refractive state (104.8, 100.7- 108.9, n=43)-(103.6, 99.7- 107.4, n=49), the non- referred group, and total sample. The SATs results followed a similar trend. A high proportion of the fogging test failures (16% ) and confirmed hyperopes (29% ) had been referred to an educational psychologist, and the latter group contributed substantially to the poor education scores. Conclusions: The results of this study provide further evidence for a link between hyperopia and impaired literacy standards in children.

关键词：学生学习质量雾视法视力筛查屈光不正中度远视验光师眼科检查配镜视力损害教育心理学家

On sustaining the ecology and livestock industry of the Bayanbuluk Grasslands

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Arid Land 2010年第1期2卷 57-63页

作者： Adrian r williams Pendragon Dryland Management Services

A short visit to the Bayanbuluk Grassland in the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, PrC, revealed a number of environmental and livestock production problems, including grassland degradation, loss of grassland biodiversity, soil erosion and flash flooding downstream, decreased pasture productivity, and poor livestock nutrition (especially in winter) leading to stock losses and flocks and herds of low productivity. This paper describes those problems and then suggests some solutions. Short duration, high intensity grazing could be one of the solutions to both improving grassland condition and improving livestock nutrition. Local production of fodder crops for feeding in winter and spring deserves testing, using adapted strains of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and trialling fodder root crop production. It is important to realise that the land management objectives of scientists, administrators, herders and farmers may be similar, and that there are opportunities for land improvement through working together.

关键词： Bayanbuluk Grasslands Tianshan Mountains reversing grassland degradation improving livestock productivity

A Methodology to Measure the Environmental Impact of ICT Operating Systems across Different Device Platforms

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Electronic Science and Technology 2015年第3期13卷 255-263页

作者： Daniel r.williams Yinshan Tang the Technologies for Sustainable Built Environments (TSBE) Centre University of Reading the Henley Business School University of Reading

A new methodology was created to measure the energy consumption and related green house gas （GHG） emissions of a computer operating system （OS） across different device platforms. The methodology involved the direct power measurement of devices under different activity states. In order to include all aspects of an OS, the methodology included measurements in various OS modes, whilst uniquely, also incorporating measurements when running an array of defined software activities, so as to include OS application management features. The methodology was demonstrated on a laptop and phone that could each run multiple OSs, results confirmed that OS can significantly impact the energy consumption of devices. In particular, the new versions of the Microsoft windows OS were tested and highlighted significant differences between the OS versions on the same hardware. The developed methodology could enable a greater awareness of energy consumption, during both the software development and software marketing processes.

关键词： Environment green information and communications technology operating system sustainability.

A Survey of Language-Based Approaches to Cyber-Physical and Embedded System Development

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Tsinghua Science and Technology 2015年第2期20卷 130-141页

作者： Paul Soulier Depeng Li John r. williams University of Hawaii Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)

As computers continue to advance, they are becoming more capable of sensing, interacting, and communicating with the physical and cyber world. Medical devices, electronic braking systems in automotive applications, and industrial control systems are examples of the many Cyber-Physical Systems （CPS） that utilize these computing capabilities. Given the potential consequences of software related failures in such systems, a high degree of safety, security, and reliability is often required. Programming languages are important tools used by programmers to develop CPS. They provide a programmer with the ability to transform designs into machine code. Of equal importance is their ability to detect and avoid programming mistakes. The development of CPS has predominantly been accomplished using the C programming language. Although C is a powerful language, it lacks features present in other languages that facilitate the development of reliable systems. This has prompted research into language-based alternatives for improving program quality through the use of programming languages. This paper presents an overview of the characteristics of embedded and cyber-physical systems and the associated requirements imposed on programming languages. This is followed by a survey of relevant research into language- based methods for creating safe, reliable, and robust software for CPS.

关键词： cyber-physical systems embedded systems programming languages type systems

Fabrication of Electrospun Levodopa-Carbidopa Fixed-Dose Combinations

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Advanced Fiber Materials 2020年第4期2卷 194-203页

作者： Haitham Bukhary Gareth r.williams Mine Orlu UCL School of Pharmacy University College London29‑39 Brunswick SquareLondon WC1N 1AXUK Department of Pharmaceutics College of PharmacyUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah 24381Saudi Arabia

Introduction Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a disabling disorder that signifi-cantly affects a patient’s quality of life[1].Treatments are available,but only 10%of PD patients fully adhere to their treatment regimens[2].Non-adherence is a serious problem linked to worsening symptoms and increased motor fluc-tuations[3-5].Levodopa(LD)remains the most effective treatment for PD[6].However,a single dosing treatment is only effective in the early phase of the *** the severe phase,4-5 years after diagnosis,the therapeutic window of dopamine becomes narrow,and due to its short half-life of between 0.7 and 1.4 h dosing of LD will be required every 2 h[7-9].One way to ameliorate this issue is to co-admin-ister LD with carbidopa(CD),which can increase LD’s oral bioavailability to 40-70%[10].

关键词： Electrospinning Nanofiber Fixed-dose combination Polypharmacy

Numerical Simulation of Interaction Between Laminar Flow and Elastic Sheet

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Transactions of Tianjin University 2012年第2期18卷 85-89页

作者：许栋 Munjiza A williams J J r School of Engineering and Material Science Queen Mary University of London Tianjin Key Laboratory of Harbour and Ocean Engineering Tianjin University

A numerical simulation of the interaction between laminar flow with low reynolds number and a highly flexible elastic sheet is presented. The mathematical model for the simulation includes a three-dimensional finitevolume based fluid solver for incompressible viscous flow and a combined finite-discrete element method for the three-dimensional deformation of solid. An immersed boundary method is used to couple the simulation of fluid and solid. It is implemented through a set of immersed boundary points scattered on the solid surface. These points provide a deformable solid wall boundary for the fluid by adding body force to Navier-Stokes equations. The force from the fluid is also obtained for each point and then applied on the boundary nodes of the solid. The vortex-induced vibration of the highly flexible elastic sheet is simulated with the established mathematical model. The simulated results for both swing pattern and oscillation frequency of the elastic sheet in low reynolds number flow agree well with experimental data.

关键词： fluid-structure interaction (FSI) numerical simulation immersed boundary method combined finite-discrete element method three-dimensional flow

XMT enabled prediction of structure and permeability of flocculated structures and sediments

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2005年第12期6卷 1367-1373页

作者： williams r.A. SELOMULYA C. JIA X. Institute of Particle Science ＆ Engineering School of Process Environmental ＆ Materials Engineering University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK ArC Centre for Functional Nanomaterials School of Chemical Engineering ＆ Industrial Chemistry University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia

3D visualisations of the microstructure of flocculated particulates and sediments using optical confocal laser mi- croscopy and high resolution X-ray microtomography (XMT) methods are described. Data obtained from in-situ measurements should enable direct computation of the properties of solids assembly (shape, size, contact area) and their permeability to fluids. A specific application relating to the formation of silica aggregates is described from which the behaviour of sediments containing these materials can be predicted on the basis of a bench-top test and the use of a Lattice Boltzman simulation. It is proposed that the method can potentially be used to predict trends such as the filtration behaviour of porous structures under different states of compression. This offers a significant benefit in assisting the formulation design of flocculated materials pertinent to a number of industrial sectors wishing to design optimal filtration or relevant operations.

关键词： Fluid flow Imaging Microstructure Porous media Visualization Tomography

Experimental evidence that soil heterogeneity enhances plant diversity during community assembly

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第5期7卷 461-469页

作者： Brandon M.williams Gregory r.Houseman Department of Biological Sciences Wichita State University1845 FairmountWichitaKS 67260USA

Aims Environmental heterogeneity is a primary mechanism explain-ing species coexistence and extant patterns of *** strong theoretical support and ample observational evidence,few experimental studies in plant communities have been able to demonstrate a causal link between environmental heterogene-ity and plant *** lack of experimental evidence sug-gests that either fine-scale heterogeneity has weak effects on plant diversity or previous experiments have been unable to effectively manipulate ***,we utilize a unique soil manipu-lation to test whether fine-scale soil heterogeneity will increase plant richness through species sorting among experimental patch *** This experiment was conducted in the tallgrass prairie region of south-central Kansas,*** utilized the inherent variation found in the vertical soil profile,which varied in both biotic and abiotic characteristics,and redistributed these strata into either homoge-neous or heterogeneous spatial arrangements in 2.4×2.4 m *** the soil manipulation,34 native prairie species were sown into all *** conducted annual censuses at peak biomass to quantify species composition and plant density by species within the experimental *** Findings After 2 years,species richness was significantly higher in heteroge-neous relative to homogeneous plots and this pattern was independ-ent of total plant *** the heterogeneous plots,13 species had higher establishment in a specific patch type representing one of the three soil ***,no species had greater estab-lishment in the mixed stratum,which comprised the homogene-ous plots,relative to the heterogeneous *** species sorting patterns suggest that fine-scale heterogeneity creates opportunities for plant establishment due to niche differences,which translates into increased plant diversity at the plot *** richness was more strongly related to plant density among patch

关键词： environmental heterogeneity species richness species sorting community assembly niche theory neutral theory

Hydrodesulphurization of Bonny light crude oil using nano Co–Mo supported on zeolite synthesized from Akoko clay

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Materials reports(Energy) 2022年第4期2卷 72-84页

作者： Abimbola G.Olaremu williams r.Adedoyin Department of Chemical Sciences Adekunle Ajasin UniversityAkungba-AkokoOndo StateNigeria Centre for Space Energy and Environmental ResearchAdekunle Ajasin UniversityAkungba-AkokoOndo StateNigeria

At present,petroleum remains the single largest global source of nearly all transportation fuel and the main source of industrial *** the legislative demand for cleaner fuel in automobile worldwide has forced scientists to develop and adopt new technologies to reduce the amount of sulphur in *** this study,a Co–Mo catalyst supported on zeolite synthesized from local clay was developed and tested in hydrodesulphurization reactions,using Bonny light crude oil *** Co–Mo was incorporated into the zeolite by wet impregnation method and its activity was evaluated in a batch *** catalyst was characterized and the efficiency was investigated in terms of product distribution and reaction *** a rise in the temperature,the sulphur in the crude oil gets released into the liquid and gas *** the case of gas effluents,the removal of sulphur depends on the reaction temperature,while in the liquid products,the removal of sulphur lies on the reaction time rather than the reaction *** use of this catalyst results in significant upgraded and enhanced oil production with an environmentally friendly fuel,which therefore recommended as an alternative to conventional industrial catalysts.

关键词： Co-Mo Bonny light Hydrodesulphurization(HDS) Zeolite Demetallisation Catalyst