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Artificial intelligence analysis of videos to augment clinical assessment:an overview

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 717-718页

作者： David C.Wong Stefan williams University of Leeds Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust LeedsUK

Observation is a fundamental part of the practice of clinical *** of movement is particularly important for the *** such as Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,stroke,epilepsy,and many others affect a person’s movement in characteristic *** some conditions,changes in the patient’s voice can be included in this-changes in sound caused by changes in the movements of *** clinician’s detection of a characteristic abnormality,and their judgment of its severity,plays a central role in both diagnosis and the assessment of prognosis or response to ***,that practice depends upon a limited resource of experienced *** addition,these experts are limited by human visual judgment,which cannot reliably or precisely detect and measure small or subtle changes in movement(williams et al.,2023).

关键词： clinical epilepsy diagnosis

The Artificial Disc Nucleus and Other Strategies for Replacement of the Nucleus Pulposus:Past,Present and Future Designs for an Emerging Surgical Solution

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Engineered Regeneration

Engineered Regeneration 2024年第2期5卷 269-281页

作者： greg Sacks Vincent DeStefano Claire Parker Ryan Lebens Harry Mushlin Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University Stony BrookNYUSA

Nucleus Pulposus(NP)Replacement is a developing surgical methodology for the treatment of pathology related to degeneration of intervertebral discs(IVDs).This article provides necessary context regarding the patholo-gies treated with this technology,the biomechanical structure and function of the IVD,and the procedures this technology aims to ***,it provides an overview and discussion of commercial and experimental preformed and in situ curing prosthesis designs reported in the scientific literature and summarizes the results of biomechanical and clinical studies evaluating their *** and updated information on the most recent research into NP replacement with novel hydrogel and tissue engineering(TE)strategies is *** of the NP allows for potential improvement in the treatment of degenerative spinal pathologies through minimally invasive surgical techniques.

关键词： Nucleus Pulposus Intradiscal Prosthesis Hydrogel Artificial Disc Implant Spine Surgery

Improving photochemical indicators for attributing ozone sensitivities in source apportionment analysis

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第9期143卷 235-246页

作者： Xiaohui Du Wei Tang Zhongzhi Zhang Yang Yu Yang Li Ling Huang greg Yarwood Fan Meng Atmospheric Environment Institute Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100857China Asia Center for Air Pollution Research United Nations Environment Programme Asia and the Pacific OfficeNishi-kuNiigata-shi 9502144Japan School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Ramboll NovatoCalifornia 94945USA

Comprehensive Air Quality Model with extensions(CAMx)-Decoupled Direct Method(DDM)simulations of first-order ozone(O_(3))sensitivity to nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))and volatile organic compounds(VOCs)emissions were performed and combined with modelled P_(H_(2)O_(2))/P_(HNO_(3))ratios to obtain a range of thresholds for determining O_(3)-sensitivity regimes for different areas of *** the new threshold ranges for photochemical indicators,the method for determining O_(3)formation in the Ozone Source Apportionment Technology(OSAT)module within CAMx was improved by a dynamically varied threshold of P_(H_(2)O_(2))/P_(HNO_(3))*** O_(3)concentration contributions in the newly added transition regime were apportioned to NO_(x)and VOCs emissions in proportion to the relationship between the P_(H_(2)O_(2))/P_(HNO_(3))ratio and first-order O_(3)*** source contributions of O_(3)concentrations from different emission sectors from June to September 2019 were compared using the original and improved *** results showed that the O_(3)concentration contributions changed significantly in the NO_(x)-limited regime,with a maximum decrease of 21.89%,while the contributions increased by up to 7.57%in the VOC-limited regime,and were within 15μg/m^(3)in the transition *** modified OSAT module enabled a more sophisticated attribution of O_(3)to precursor emissions and may have far-reaching implications for informing O_(3)pollution control policy.

关键词： O_(3) modeling O_(3)-sensitivity regimes Ozone source apportionment technology Photochemical indicators

Glycolysis and glucose metabolism as a target for bioenergetic and neuronal protection in glaucoma

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1637-1638页

作者： Pete A.williams Robert J.Casson Department of Clinical Neuroscience Division of Eye and VisionSt.Erik Eye HospitalKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Ophthalmic Research Laboratories Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia

Vision is arguably our most valued sense,yet approximately 340 million people globally suffer blindness or moderate visual impairment,highlighting the need to further develop and advance treatments for ophthalmic *** refers to a group of ocular disorders united by a clinically characteristic optic neuropathy with associated retinal ganglion cell loss.

关键词： metabolism glaucoma globally

Model Predictive Current Control for Low-Cost Shunt Active Power Filter

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第4期10卷 1589-1598页

作者： Ali A.Abdel-Aziz Mohamed A.Elgenedy Barry W.williams the Electronic and Electrical Engineering Department Strathclyde UniversityGlasgowG11XQUK School of Computing Engineering and the Built Environment(SCEBE)Glasgow Caledonian UniversityGlasgowG40BAUK

Performance of a three-phase shunt active power filter(SAPF)relies on the capability of the controller to track the reference ***,designing an accurate current controller is crucial to guarantee satisfactory SAPF *** paper presents a model predictive current controller(MPCC)for a low-cost,four-switch,shunt active power filter for power quality improvement.A four-switch,B4,converter topology is adopted as an SAPF,hence offering a simple,robust,and low-cost *** addition,to further reduce overall cost,only two interfacing filter inductors,instead of three,are used to eliminate switching current *** proposed SAPF model MPCC is detailed for implementation,where simulation and experimental results validate effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm showing a 20%improvement in total harmonic distortion compared with a conventional hysteresis band current controller.

关键词： Four-switch converter harmonic distortion model predictive current control power quality shunt active power filter

Three-stage pyrolysis–steam reforming–water gas shift processing of household,commercial and industrial waste plastics for hydrogen production

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2024年第1期6卷 25-37页

作者： Rayed Alshareef Robert Sait-Stewart Mohamad A.Nahil Paul T.williams School of Chemical and Process Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK

Five common single plastics and nine different household,commercial and industrial waste plastics were processed using a three-stage(i)pyrolysis,(ii)catalytic steam reforming and(iii)water gas shift reaction system to produce *** of plastics produces a range of different hydrocarbon species which are subsequently catalytically steam reformed to produce H_(2)and CO and then undergo water gas shift reaction to produce further H_(2).The process mimics the commercial process for hydrogen production from natural *** of the single polyalkene plastics(high-density polyethylene(HDPE),low-density polyethylene(LDPE),and polypropylene(PP))produced similar H_(2)yields between 115 mmol and 120 mmol per gram *** though PS produced an aromatic product slate from the pyrolysis stage,further stages of reforming and water gas shift reaction produced a gas yield and composition similar to that of the polyalkene plastics(115 mmol H_(2)per gram plastic).PET gave significantly lower H_(2)yield(41 mmol per gram plastic)due to the formation of mainly CO,CO_(2)and organic acids from the pyrolysis stage which were not conducive to further reforming and water gas shift reaction.A mixture of the single plastics typical of that found in municipal solid waste produced a H_(2)yield of 102 mmol per gram *** the gas yields and composition from the single plastics enabled an estimation of the yields from a simulated waste plastic mixture and a‘real-world’waste plastic mixture to be *** different household,commercial and industrial waste plastic mixtures produced H_(2)yields between 70 mmol and 107 mmol per gram *** H_(2)yield and gas composition from the single waste plastics gave an indication of the type of plastics in the mixed waste plastic samples.

关键词： Waste plastic Hydrogen Catalyst Pyrolysis reforming Water gas shift

Exploring the effects of coronary artery disease as a preexisting comorbidity on mortality in hospitalized septic patients:a retrospective observation study

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Emergency and Critical Care Medicine 2024年第2期4卷 47-51页

作者： Anmol Multani greg Stahl Kerry Johnson Scott Goade Robert D.Arnce College of Osteopathic Medicine Kansas City UniversityJoplinMOUSA Department of Data Improvement Freeman Health SystemJoplinMOUSA Department of Mathematics Missouri Southern State UniversityJoplinMOUSA Department of Pharmacy Freeman Health SystemJoplinMOUSA

Background:Sepsis has high prevalence and mortality rate,and it is imperative to identify populations at risk of poor sepsis *** patients with preexisting chronic comorbidities are shown to have worse sepsis *** identifying comorbidities with greater influence on sepsis progression,we can direct limited resources to septic patients with comorbidities and reduce health care *** comorbidities can impact the risk of developing sepsis and having worse *** artery disease(CAD)is a common comorbidity,especially in the elderly,and a leading cause of death *** wished to investigate the influence of CAD as a comorbidity on sepsis and hypothesized that preexisting CAD would increase mortality in hospitalized septic ***:We conducted retrospective observational study using patient data from Freeman Health System in Joplin,*** analyzed patient records from Freeman Health System database from January 1,2019,to June 30,*** patients were identified using the International Classification of Diseases,Tenth Revision sepsis *** identify septic patients with preexisting CAD,we used International Classification of Diseases,Tenth Revision codes for *** compared mortality rates for septic patients with and without ***:Two-sample proportion test was conducted to test the difference in mortality between septic patients with and without preexisting *** difference in mortality for the total population was−0.016(P=0.553).In the male and female subgroups,the differences in mortality were 0.0122(P=0.739)and−0.0511(P=0.208),*** differences in mortality in patients aged 40 to 64 years and 65 years and older were−0.0077(P=0.870)and 0.0007(P=0.983),*** statistical tests failed to find significant differences when comparing septic patients with and without preexisting *** was no significant difference in the age and sex ***:Our study showed that CAD alone was n

关键词： Comorbidity Coronary artery disease Inflammation Mortality rate in sepsis prognosis Sepsis

Pyrroloquinoline quinone:a potential neuroprotective compound for neurodegenerative diseases targeting metabolism

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 41-53页

作者： Alessio Canovai Pete A.williams Department of Biology University of PisaPisaItaly Department of Clinical Neuroscience Division of Eye and VisionSt.Erik Eye HospitalKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden

Pyrroloquinoline quinone is a quinone described as a cofactor for many bacterial dehydrogenases and is reported to exert an effect on metabolism in mammalian cells/*** quinone is present in the diet being available in foodstuffs,conferring the potential of this compound to be supplemented by dietary *** quinone’s nutritional role in mammalian health is supported by the extensive deficits in reproduction,growth,and immunity resulting from the dietary absence of pyrroloquinoline quinone,and as such,pyrroloquinoline quinone has been considered as a“new vitamin.”Although the classification of pyrroloquinoline quinone as a vitamin needs to be properly established,the wide range of benefits for health provided has been reported in many *** this respect,pyrroloquinoline quinone seems to be particularly involved in regulating cell signaling pathways that promote metabolic and mitochondrial processes in many experimental contexts,thus dictating the rationale to consider pyrroloquinoline quinone as a vital compound for mammalian *** the regulation of different metabolic mechanisms,pyrroloquinoline quinone may improve clinical deficits where dysfunctional metabolism and mitochondrial activity contribute to induce cell damage and *** quinone has been demonstrated to have neuroprotective properties in different experimental models of neurodegeneration,although the link between pyrroloquinoline quinone-promoted metabolism and improved neuronal viability in some of such contexts is still to be fully ***,we review the general properties of pyrroloquinoline quinone and its capacity to modulate metabolic and mitochondrial mechanisms in physiological *** addition,we analyze the neuroprotective properties of pyrroloquinoline quinone in different neurodegenerative conditions and consider future perspectives for pyrroloquinoline quinone’s potential in health and disease.

关键词： metabolism mitochondria neurodegenerative disease neuroprotection pyrroloquinoline quinone retinal diseases

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青少年抑郁个体化识别与干预的三级框架

Science Bulletin 2024年第7期69卷 867-871页

作者：周媛陈旭古若雷项玉涛 greg Hajcak 王刚 Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders&National Center for Mental DisordersBeijing Anding HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100088China CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science Institute of PsychologyBeijing 100101China Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Unit of Psychiatry Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration&Institute of Translational MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacaoMacao 999078China Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences University of MacaoMacao 999078China School of Education and Counseling Psychology Santa Clara UniversitySanta Clara CA 95053USA Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China

Depression in adolescents is a significant public health challenge with a high prevalence and negative *** the United States,the lifetime and 12-month prevalence rates of major depressive disorder(MDD)among 13-to 18-year-olds were 11.0%and 7.5%,respectively,prior to *** COVID-19pandemic has further exacerbated the global trend of increasing rates of adolescent depression.

关键词： prevalence adolescent lifetime