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Recent advances in the magnetic reconnection, dipolarization, and auroral processes at giant planets from the perspective of comparative planetology

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第5期8卷 659-672页

作者： ZhongHua Yao RuiLong Guo Yong Wei Bertrand Bonfond Denis Grodent BinZheng Zhang william R.Dunn ZuYin Pu Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire STAR InstituteUniversitéde Liège Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment Institute of Space SciencesShandong University Department of Earth Sciences the University of Hong Kong Department of Physics and Astronomy University College London School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University

magnetic reconnection and dipolarization are crucial processes driving magnetospheric dynamics, including particle energization, mass circulation, and auroral processes, among others. Recent studies have revealed that these processes at Saturn and Jupiter are fundamentally different from the ones at Earth. The reconnection and dipolarization processes are far more important than previously expected in the dayside magnetodisc of Saturn and potentially Jupiter. Dayside magnetodisc reconnection was directly identified by using Cassini measurements(Guo RL et al., 2018b) and was found to be drizzle-like and rotating in the magnetosphere of Saturn(Delamere et al., 2015b; Yao ZH et al., 2017a; Guo RL et al., 2019). moreover, magnetic dipolarization could also exist at Saturn's dayside(Yao ZH et al., 2018), which is fundamentally different from the terrestrial situation. These new results significantly improve our understanding of giant planetary magnetospheric dynamics and provide key insights revealing the physics of planetary aurorae. Here, we briefly review these recent advances and their potential implications for future investigations.

关键词： magnetosphere magnetic reconnection magnetic depolarization

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A 3D In-vitro model of the human dentine interface shows long-range osteoinduction from the dentine surface

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International Journal of Oral Science 2024年第2期16卷 225-237页

作者： william macalester Asme Boussahel Rafael O.moreno-Tortolero mark R.Shannon Nicola West Darryl Hill Adam Perriman School of Cellular and molecular medicine Biomedical Sciences BuildingUniversity of BristolUniversity WalkBristolUnited Kingdom Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials HH Wills Physics LaboratoryUniversity of BristolTyndall AvenueBristolUnited Kingdom Centre for Protolife Research School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantocks CloseBristolUnited Kingdom max Planck-Bristol Centre for minimal Biology School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom Periodontology Bristol Dental SchoolUniversity of BristolLower Maudlin StreetBristolUnited Kingdom

Emerging regenerative cell therapies for alveolar bone loss have begun to explore the use of cell laden hydrogels for minimally invasive surgery to treat small and spatially complex maxilla-oral ***,the oral cavity presents a unique and challenging environment for in vivo bone tissue engineering,exhibiting both hard and soft periodontal tissue as well as acting as key biocenosis for many distinct microbial communities that interact with both the external environment and internal body systems,which will impact on cell fate and subsequent treatment ***,we design and bioprint a facile 3D in vitro model of a human dentine interface to probe the effect of the dentine surface on human mesenchymal stem cells(hmSCs)encapsulated in a microporous hydrogel *** demonstrate that the dentine substrate induces osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated hmSCs,and that both dentine andβ-tricalcium phosphate substrates stimulate extracellular matrix production and maturation at the gel-media interface,which is distal to the gel-substrate *** findings demonstrate the potential for long-range effects on stem cells by mineralized surfaces during bone tissue engineering and provide a framework for the rapid development of 3D dentine-bone interface models.

关键词： interface den surface

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Hydromechanical characterization of gas transport amidst uncertainty for underground nuclear explosion detection

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Journal of Rock mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第6期16卷 2019-2032页

作者： Wenfeng Li Chelsea W.Neil J william Carey meng meng Luke P.Frash Philip H.Stauffer Earth and Environmental Sciences Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87544USA Department of mineral Engineering New Mexico TechSocorroNM87801USA

Given the challenge of definitively discriminating between chemical and nuclear explosions using seismic methods alone,surface detection of signature noble gas radioisotopes is considered a positive identification of underground nuclear explosions(UNEs).However,the migration of signature radionuclide gases between the nuclear cavity and surface is not well understood because complex processes are involved,including the generation of complex fracture networks,reactivation of natural fractures and faults,and thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical(THmC)coupling of radionuclide gas transport in the *** this study,we provide an experimental investigation of hydro-mechanical(Hm)coupling among gas flow,stress states,rock deformation,and rock damage using a unique multi-physics triaxial direct shear rock testing *** testing system also features redundant gas pressure and flow rate measurements,well suited for parameter uncertainty *** porous tuff and tight granite samples that are relevant to historic UNE tests,we measured the Biot effective stress coefficient,rock matrix gas permeability,and fracture gas permeability at a range of pore pressure and stress *** Biot effective stress coefficient varies from 0.69 to 1 for the tuff,whose porosity averages 35.3%±0.7%,while this coefficient varies from 0.51 to 0.78 for the tight granite(porositymate).matrix gas permeability is strongly correlated to effective stress for the granite,but not for the porous *** experiments reveal the following key engineering implications on transport of radionuclide gases post a UNE event:(1)The porous tuff shows apparent fracture dilation or compression upon stress changes,which does not necessarily change the gas permeability;(2)The granite fracture permeability shows strong stress sensitivity and is positively related to shear displacement;and(3)Hydromechanical coupling among stress states,rock damage,and gas flow appears to be

关键词： Underground nuclear explosion uncertainty quantification Radionuclide transport Biot effective stress coefficient Fracture permeability matrix permeability

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Liquid injectivity in a SAG foam process:Effect of permeability

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 302-314页

作者： Jia-Kun Gong Yuan Wang Ridhwan-Zhafri B.Kamarul Bahrim Raj-Deo Tewari mohammad-Iqbal mahamad Amir Rouhi Farajzadeh william Rossen College of mechanics and materials Hohai UniversityNanjing210098JiangsuChina College of Water Conservancy&Hydropower Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing210098JiangsuChina PETRONAS Kuala Lumpur50088Malaysia Department of Geoscience and Engineering Delft University of Technology2628 CNDelftthe Netherlands Shell Global Solutions International B.V. 1031 HWAmsterdamthe Netherlands

Foam is utilized in enhanced oil recovery and CO_(2) ***-alternating-gas(SAG)is a preferred approach for placing foam into reservoirs,due to it enhances gas injection and minimizes corrosion in *** previous studies with similar permeability cores show that during SAG injection,several banks occupy the area near the well where fluid exhibits distinct ***,underground reservoirs are heterogeneous,often *** is crucial to understand the effect of permeability on fluid behaviour and injectivity in a SAG *** this work,coreflood experiments are conducted in cores with permeabilities ranging from 16 to 2300 *** observe the same sequence of banks in cores with different ***,the speed at which banks propagate and their overall mobility can vary depending on *** higher permeabilities,the gas-dissolution bank and the forced-imbibition bank progress more rapidly during liquid *** total mobilities of both banks decrease with *** utilizing a bank-propagation model,we scale up our experimental findings and compare them to results obtained using the Peaceman *** findings reveal that the liquid injectivity in a SAG foam process is misestimated by conventional simulators based on the Peaceman *** lower the formation permeability,the greater the error.

关键词： Foam Enhanced oil recovery Surfactant-alternating-gas Injectivity Permeability

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Spatiotemporal variation and evaluation of agriculture green development: a case study of Hainan Province, China

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 83-99页

作者： Tianxiang YU Jichen ZHOU Lin mA Fusuo ZHANG Zed RENGEL william JDAVIES Jianbo SHEN Department of Plant Nutrition College of Resources and Environmental SciencesCenter for ResourcesEnvironment and Food SecurityKey Laboratory of Plant-Soil interactionsMOENational Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University Sanya 572025China Soil Physics and Land management Group Wageningen UniversityP.O.Box 476700 AA Wageningenthe Netherlands Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources Center for Agricultural Resources ResearchInstitute of Genetic and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang 050021China Soil Science and Plant Nutrition UWA School of Agriculture and EnvironmentThe University of Western AustraliaPerth WA 6009Australia Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation 21000 SplitCroatia Lancaster Environment Centre University of LancasterLancaster LA14YQUK

The realization of green and sustainable development of agriculture is the common pursuit all over the world. Agriculture green development(AGD)program has been proposed as a sustainable development strategy in China,but insufficient is known about the quantitative evaluation of spatiotemporal variation in AGD at the regional scale. This study aimed to assess spatiotemporal patterns in AGD at the county/city-based regional level. For this purpose, a systematic index evaluation system was developed to assess the performance of socioeconomic, food production and environmental components in a key economic region(Hainan Province) of China. Hainan improved its AGD index(representing the overall performance toward achieving AGD) from 38.8 in 1988 to 40.9 in 2019. The socioeconomic development and agricultural productivity have improved with time;environmental quality declined due to overuse of chemicals from 1988 to 2013, but steadily improved after 2013, indicating positive effects of reducing chemical input. There was a higher AGD index in the coastal vs. central regions and the southern vs. northern regions. Scenarios featuring improved nutrient management or optimized diet structure and reduced waste improved economic benefits and social productivity while concurrently reducing environmental degradation. These results provide new insights for the future development of green and sustainable agriculture and formulation of agricultural policies in Hainan Province of China and even other developing countries that are facing or will soon face similar challenges.

关键词： Agriculture environmental impact green and sustainable development Hainan Province index evaluation system

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molecular Docking Studies on Streptomycin Antileishmanial Activity

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Open Journal of Physical Chemistry 2024年第2期14卷 36-48页

作者： Todd A. Young matthew George Jr. Ayele Gugssa william m. Southerland Yayin Fang Clarence m. Lee Department of Biology Howard University Washington DC United States Department of Biochemistry and molecular Biology Howard University Washington DC United States

Resistance to pentavalent antimonial drugs and the lack of vaccines make it urgent to find novel therapeutic options to treat Leishmaniasis, a tropical disease caused by the Leishmania protozoan parasite. The study reported here is to investigate if Streptomycin, an aminoglycoside, and Amphotericin B, the second-line treatment drug, exhibit antileishmanial activity through a similar mechanism. By using mOE (molecular Operating Environment), we performed molecular docking studies on these drugs binding to a range of targets including ribosome targets in Leishmania and H. sapiens. Our study shows that the two drugs do not bind to the same pockets in Leishmania targets but to the same pockets in the human ribosome, with some differences in interactions. moreover, our 2D maps indicated that Amphotericin B binds to the A-site in the human cytoplasmic ribosome, whereas streptomycin does not.

关键词： Leishmaniasis Streptomycin Amphotericin B molecular Docking Aminoglycosides Antileishmanial

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A Set of Almost Automorphic Functions and Applications

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Applied mathematics 2024年第1期15卷 9-21页

作者： william Dimbour Vincent Valmorin UmR Espace-Dev Université de Guyane Cayenne Guyane France Laboratoire mEmIAD Université des Antilles Pointe à Pitre Guadeloupe France

For a set S of real numbers, we introduce the concept of S-almost automorphic functions valued in a Banach space. It generalizes in particular the space of Z-almost automorphic functions. Considering the space of S-almost automorphic functions, we give sufficient conditions of the existence and uniqueness of almost automorphic solutions of a differential equation with a piecewise constant argument of generalized type. This is done using the Banach fixed point theorem.

关键词： Almost Automorphic Functions S-Almost Automorphic Functions Differential Equation with Piecewise Constant Argument of Generalized Type

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The Use of Biologic Treatments for Osteoarthritis: A Review

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Open Journal of Regenerative medicine 2024年第2期13卷 21-40页

作者： william Thornton Sion Glyn-Jones Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK

Background: The number of people presenting with osteoarthritis is increasing due, largely, to an ageing population and advances in medical treatments. This is driving the demand for new clinical solutions and treatments for the disease. Biologic therapies have been touted as an adjunct, or even alternative to established treatments for osteoarthritis. The term “biologics” refers to protein-based therapeutics that are derived from the proteins of living organisms. These treatments include, but are not limited to: autologous blood products such as platelet rich plasma (PRP), cell therapies such as autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) and mesenchymal stem cells, growth factors and cytokines, gene therapy. Aim: This study aims to provide a clear definition of these technologies and describe the evidence supporting their clinical efficacy to treat osteoarthritis. This is to provide clarity to both clinicians and patients on the range of technologies available. method: Literature databases Embase and Pubmed were searched for keywords such as “biologic”, “osteoarthritis”. Results: The literature identified 4 primary categories of biologic treatments for osteoarthritis: stem cell therapy, somatic cell therapy, protein therapy and gene therapy. The evidence level varied in its quality from treatment to treatment, as did the conclusions of published studies. Conclusion: Autologous chondrocyte therapy had the most convincing evidence to support its use as a treatment for osteoarthritis, however, current methods of use produced variable results. Other treatments such as platelet rich plasma and bone marrow derived stem cells show promise as potential future therapies, with more refinement, but evidence does not support their use currently. Other treatments including autologous stem cells should be avoided until there is a greater quantity and quality of evidence supporting their use.

关键词： Osteoarthritis Biologics Gene Therapy Stem Cell Protein Therapy

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Overview on signal transduction cascades regulation roles of garlic and its bioactive constituents

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第5期13卷 2353-2362页

作者： Ammad Ahmad Farooqi Iqra mobeen Rukset Attar Khalida I.Noel Baojun Xu william C.Cho Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering(IBGE) Islamabad 44000Pakistan Khursheed Rasheed Hospital Lahore Lahore 53720Pakistan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Yeditepe UniversityAtaşehir 34755Turkey Human Anatomy Department College of MedicineAl-Mustansiriyah UniversityBaghdad 10036Iraq Food Science and Technology Program Department of Life SciencesBNU-HKBU United International CollegeZhuhai 519087China Department of Clinical Oncology Queen Elizabeth HospitalHong Kong G514TFChina

High-throughput technologies in combination with modern exciting advancements in mass spectrometry-based proteomics and data analysis pipelines have empowered comprehensive characterization of disease phenotypes and their mechanistic regulation by dietary agents and bioactive molecules at unprecedented dimensionality and ***-ordinary breakthroughs in the field of nutrigenomics have leveraged our understanding altogether to a new level of *** researchers have extensively analyzed health promoting and pharmacologically significant properties of garlic(Allium sativum).Importantly,garlic and its biologically active chemicals targeted oncogenic signaling *** this mini-review we have attempted to summarize how garlic and its bioactive constituents regulated signal transduction cascades in cell culture studies and tumor-bearing mice.

关键词： Cancer Nutrigenomics Signaling Apoptosis Allium sativum

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Neuroprotection by resveratrol-glucuronide and quercetin-glucuronide via binding to polyphenol-and glycosaminoglycan-binding sites in the laminin receptor

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 819-820页

作者： Rayudu Gopalakrishna Jennifer Aguilar Emily Lee william J.mack Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Neurological Surgery Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA

The dietary polyphenolic compounds resveratrol and quercetin prevent neurodegenerative diseases in experimental models;however, they reach the brain only in nanomolar concentrations in the glucuronidated and sulfated ... 详细信息

关键词： resveratrol molar dated

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