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Food Bioscience 2022年第3期47卷 403-412页

作者： Sneh Punia Bangar william scott Whiteside Fatih Ozogul Kyle D.Dunno George Armstrong Cavender Paul Dawson Department of Food Nutrition and Packaging SciencesClemson UniversitySC 29634USA Department of Seafood Processing Technology Faculty of FisheriesCukurova UniversityBalcaliAdana01330Turkey Department of Packaging Science Rochester Institute of TechnologyRochesterNYUSA

Packaging material has an important role in extending the shelf-life of *** study investigated the effectiveness of cellulose nanocrystals(CNCs)derived from Kudzu(Pueraria montana)vine to reinforce to starch-based *** addition,the essential oil was incorporated into these nanocomposite films to evaluate further improvement in film properties and *** packaging materials,including the pearl millet starch(PMS),PMS reinforced with Kudzu CNCs,and PMS reinforced with Kudzu CNCs stabilized pickering emulsion containing clove bud oil(CBO),was used to develop biodegradable nanocomposite *** films were investigated for their thermal,morphological,mechanical,and barrier *** addition,the films were used as packaging material to improve the shelf life of the grapes for 15 days at 5℃.PMS films reinforced with Kudzu CNCs stabilized pickering emulsion of CBO were most effective in extending the shelf life of red grapes up to 15 days at 5℃ by maintaining the weight,firmness,and soluble solids in grapes for a longer duration during *** study suggests that PMS+Kudzu CNCs+EO films have the potential for commercial packaging of fruits during short storage periods without adversely affecting their quality and sensory attributes.

关键词： Packaging material Nanocomposites Cellulose nanocrystals Red grapes Shelf life

Designing a Multimedia Information System Using Internet Techology

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计算技术与自动化 2003年第Z1期22卷 252-254页

作者： Nkolenta william scott College of Information Science & Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083

This paper presents major technical requirements for designing and developing future distributed multimedia information system using Internet technology. The key requirements of this system are to allow users to search, access, and communicate multimedia documents consisting of text, audio, video and image. We emphasize the role of object-oriented technology for information management and real-time communication protocols to guarantee QoS. it presents a reference architecture for Web-based real-time distributed multimedia system which provides several functionalities including real-time distributed multimedia system which provides several functionalities including real-time streaming, multimedia indexing and searching, and distributed object management.

关键词： Qos Quality of service HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

Comparison of Three Macroinvertebrate Sampling Methods for Use in Assessment of Water Quality Changes in Flashy Urban Streams

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2020年第8期11卷 585-609页

作者： Roger Yeardley Jr. scott Jacobs Ken Fritz william Thoeny Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati USA Pegasus Technical Services c/o U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati USA

The unique challenges associated with sampling of macroinvertebrates in flashy urban streams create a methods gap. These streams form isolated pools for much of the year, interspersed with spates that scour and deposit excessive amounts of sediment. Commonly used stream grab sampling methods, such as nets and Hess and Surber fixed-area samplers, work well in wadable streams with perennial flow. Deployed samplers (Hester-Dendy, gravel tray) can be used in waters with or without flow. We evaluated three methods which don’t require stream flow: modified Hester-Dendy (MHD), gravel tray, and bucket (a type of cylinder grab sample method), for their potential use in bioassessment of a project involving daylighting of a 180-m culvert on Congress Run, a flashy urban tributary to Mill Creek in Cincinnati, Ohio. Method efficacy was measured using three criteria: usability (level of effort and recoverability of samplers), variability, and community retrieval completeness. The bucket method required the lowest level of effort and had the highest sample recovery. The bucket sampler had the lowest variability for most metrics, including the critical metric of taxa richness, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 20.9%. The MHD and tray samplers had taxa richness CVs of 42.9% and 53.9%, respectively. The bucket sampler also had the lowest CV (27.4%) for a multi-metric index. The bucket sampler performed best with respect to community retrieval completeness, with higher pooled and average taxa richness. The total number of taxa collected from all the replicate bucket grab samples (42) was greater than that collected by the HD and tray samplers combined (27). Multivariate analyses showed significant grouping with respect to methods and location. This study supports the bucket grab sampler method as a candidate for sampling of flashy urban streams.

关键词： Macroinvertebrate Methods Stream Urban Sampling Flow Hydrology

Physiological and Morphological Responses of Susceptible and Resistant Barleys to Bird Cherry-Oat Aphid Feeding

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第10期14卷 1115-1129页

作者： Rafael Hayashida John scott Armstrong william Wyatt Hoback Dolores Mornhinweg Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK USA United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Peanut and Cereal Crops Research Unit Stillwater OK USA

The bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi [Linnaeus, 1758]) is considered a key pest of cereal crops worldwide, causing direct damage through sap feeding and by acting as a vector for viral diseases. Managing aphids is challenging because of their biology and potential resistance to insecticides. Developing resistant barley genotypes is a sustainable strategy for managing BCOA. In this study, we assessed responses of susceptible “Morex” and resistant “BCO R001” barley, Hordeum vulgare L. genotypes to different initial BCOA densities (0, 50, 100 or 200 ***-1). Physiological and morphological parameters were measured weekly for four weeks after infestation. Chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, plant aerial fresh and dry weight were greater for the resistant cultivar at lower aphid abundances and up to three weeks after infestation. Carbon assimilation curves (A/Ci) of infested “BCO R001” were similar to controls 15 days post infestation, differing from Morex. However, BCOA infestation of 50 ***-1 for two weeks negatively impacted the fitness of both genotypes. Initial resistance by BCO R001 to BCOA infestation can allow growers and natural enemies more time contributing to more effective and sustainable management of BCOA infestations.

关键词： Plant Tolerance Hemiptera Piercing-Sucking Injury Cereal Crops

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纤维长度和粗度及其对成纸性能的影响

中国造纸 1992年第4期11卷 35-42页

作者：宋俊富潘定如 william.E.scott 南京林业大学北京林业大学 Miami Univ. ohio U. S. A

本文研究了针、阔叶木未打浆纤维的粗度、长度及其长度分布特性对成纸性能的影响。同时,探讨了纤维长度和粗度之间的关系,并对两者的测定值和计算值进行了比较。结果表明,在纤维重均长度和粗度之间几乎成线性关系。纤维长度和粗度的计... 详细信息

本文研究了针、阔叶木未打浆纤维的粗度、长度及其长度分布特性对成纸性能的影响。同时,探讨了纤维长度和粗度之间的关系,并对两者的测定值和计算值进行了比较。结果表明,在纤维重均长度和粗度之间几乎成线性关系。纤维长度和粗度的计算值非常接近于测定值。回归分析显示:纤维长度是影响撕裂因子的主要因素(R^2=0.81),而纤维粗度是影响不透明度的主要原因(R^2=0.87)。

关键词：纤维长度粗度成纸性能

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超宽带雷达探测隐身飞机的潜力

空天技术 1990年第4期 33-36+61页

作者： william B.scott 郭福涛

随着隐身飞机的出现而出现了反隐身技术。是重点发展隐身飞机还是重点发展反隐身的雷达技术,文中谈了美国军方、工业界和国会议员在此问题上的争议。全文重点讨论超宽带雷达探测隐身飞机和雷达反射截面很小的非隐身掠海飞行导弹的巨大潜... 详细信息

随着隐身飞机的出现而出现了反隐身技术。是重点发展隐身飞机还是重点发展反隐身的雷达技术,文中谈了美国军方、工业界和国会议员在此问题上的争议。全文重点讨论超宽带雷达探测隐身飞机和雷达反射截面很小的非隐身掠海飞行导弹的巨大潜力,介绍美国目前研究宽带雷达的研究机构、研究现状、遇到的难题、取得的进展、科学家的新思维。美国空军主任科学家罗伯特·w·塞尔登认为,对抗隐身飞机的关键是雷达网络加计算机的进步。

关键词：隐身飞机雷达电子对抗

Application of a Groundwater Classification System and GIS Mapping System for the Lower Ruby Valley Watershed, Southwest Montana

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2013年第8期5卷 775-791页

作者： scott M. Payne Ian A. Magruder william W. Woessner Department of Geosciences University of Montana Missoula USA KirK Engineering & Natural Resources Inc. Sheridan USA

Classification of groundwater conditions at the watershed scale synthesizes landscape hydrology, provides a mapped summary of groundwater resources, and supports water management decisions. The application of a recently developed watershed-scale groundwater classification methodology is applied and evaluated in the 100,000 hectare lower Ruby Valley watershed of southwestern Montana. The geologic setting, groundwater flow direction, aquifer productivity, water quality, anthropogenic impact to water levels, depth to groundwater, and the degree of connection between groundwater and surface water are key components of the classification scheme. This work describes the hydrogeology of the lower Ruby Valley watershed and illustrates how the classification system is applied to assemble, analyze, and summarize groundwater data. The classification process provides information in summary tables and maps of seamless digital overlays prepared using geographical information system (GIS) software. Groundwater conditions in the watershed are classified as low production bedrock aquifers in the mountainous uplands that recharge the moderate productivity basin-fill sediments. Groundwater levels approach the surface near the Ruby River resulting in sufficient groundwater discharge to maintain stream flow during dry, late summer conditions. The resulting classification data sets provide watershed managers with a standardized organizational tool that represents groundwater conditions at the watershed scale.

关键词： Aquifers Hydrogeology Watershed Groundwater Management Geographical Information Systems Rivers/Streams Surface Water/Groundwater Connection Land Use

The Versatility of Acellular Fetal Bovine Dermal Matrix for Head and Neck Surgical Reconstruction in Children

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2014年第18期5卷 1119-1124页

作者： Jeremiah C. Tracy william S. Kim Andrew R. scott Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Tufts Medical Center Boston USA Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery Floating Hospital for Children Boston USA

Objectives: To describe the versatility of acellular fetal bovine dermal matrix as an alternative to human cadaveric allograft for head and neck reconstructive procedures in children. Study Design: Case series with chart review. Methods: A database of pediatric operative procedures was queried for the use of acellular fetal bovine dermal matrix over a 16-month period. Indications for reconstruction were assessed and initial parental and surgeon satisfaction with the product were noted. Results: During the time period of 3/2012 and 7/2013 a total of 8 reconstructive procedures were performed on pediatric patients using acellular fetal bovine dermal matrix. Indications for use varied and included open and transnasal endoscopic repair of encephaloceles and soft tissue reconstructions including lateral pharyngeal wall repair, cleft palate repair, and facial recontouring operations. Acellular fetal bovine dermal matrix had a subjectively increased ease of use as compared to the surgeon’s prior experience with human cadaveric acellular dermis. Every parent vocalized a greater comfort level with the use of a bovine product over the alternative of human cadaveric tissue. The cost of acellular fetal bovine dermal matrix is slightly lower than the cost of human cadaveric acellular dermis. Conclusions: Acellular fetal bovine dermal matrix appears to be an acceptable alternative to human cadaveric acellular dermis for various forms of head and neck soft tissue reconstruction in children. Further prospective studies are warranted to assess for any differences in the long-term efficacy of this product as compared to other forms of allograft reconstruction.

关键词： Acellular Fetal Bovine Dermal Matrix (SurgiMend) Human Cadaveric Acellular Dermal Allograft (AlloDerm) Skull Base Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Repair Pediatric Atrophic Scar Parotidectomy Defect Parry Romberg Cleft Palate

Passive expansion of sub-maximally dilated transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts and assessment of clinical outcomes

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World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第12期9卷 603-612页

作者： Michael C Hsu Charles N Weber S william Stavropoulos Timothy W Clark scott O Trerotola Richard D Shlansky Goldberg Michael C Soulen Gregory J Nadolski Department of Radiology Division of Interventional RadiologyMount Sinai Hospital Department of Radiology Division of Interventional RadiologyHospital of the University of Pennsylvania

AIM To assess for passive expansion of sub-maximally dilated transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts(TIPS) and compare outcomes with maximally dilated *** Polytetrafluoroethylene covered TIPS(Viatorr) from July 2002 to December 2013 were retrospectively reviewed at two hospitals in a single institution. Two hundred and thirty patients had TIPS maximally dilated to 10 mm(m TIPS), while 43 patients who were at increased risk for hepatic encephalopathy(HE), based on clinical evaluation or low pre-TIPS portosystemic gradient(PSG), had 10 mm TIPS sub-maximally dilated to 8 mm(sm TIPS). Group characteristics(age, gender, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, post-TIPS PSG and clinical outcomes were compared between groups, including clinical success(ascites or varices), primary patency,primary assisted patency, and severe post-TIPS HE. A subset of fourteen patients with sm TIPS underwent follow-up computed tomography imaging after TIPS creation, and were grouped based on time of imaging( 6 mo). Change in diameter and crosssectional area were measured with 3D imaging software to evaluate for passive *** Patient characteristics were similar between the sm TIPS and m TIPS groups, except for pre-TIPS portosystemic gradient, which was lower in the sm TIPS group(19.4 mm Hg ± 6.8 vs 22.4 mm Hg ± 7.1, P = 0.01). Primary patency and primary assisted patency between sm TIPS and m TIPS was not significantly different(P = 0.64 and 0.55, respectively). Four of the 55 patients(7%) with sm TIPS required TIPS reduction for severe refractory HE, while this occurred in 6 of the 218 patients(3%) with m TIPS(P = 0.12). For the 14 patients with follow-up computed tomography(CT) imaging, the median imaging follow-up was 373 d. There was an increase in median TIPS diameter, median percent diameter change, median area, and median percent area change in patients with CT follow-up greater than 6 mo after TIPS placement compared to follow-up within 6 mo(

关键词： Variceal hemorrhage Portal hypertension Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts Ascites Sub-maximal dilation Underdilated Passive expansion Hepatic encephalopathy

Baseline effects of lysophosphatidylcholine and nerve growth factor in a rat model of sciatic nerve regeneration after crush injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第5期13卷 846-853页

作者： Ryan L.Wood Keaton S.Karlinsey Austin D.Thompson Mark N.Rigby Greggory D.Boatright william G.Pitt Beverly L.Roeder scott C.Steffensen Alonzo D.Cook Department of Chemical Engineering Brigham Young University Neuroscience Center Brigham Young University Department of Biology Brigham Young University Department of Psychology Brigham Young University

Schwann cells play a major role in helping heal injured nerves. They help clear debris, produce neurotrophins, upregulate neurotrophin receptors, and form bands of Büngner to guide the healing nerve. But nerves do not always produce enough neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors to repair themselves. Nerve growth factor（NGF） is an important neurotrophin for promoting nerve healing and lysophosphatidylcholine（LPC） has been shown to stimulate NGF receptors（NGFR）. This study tested the administration of a single intraneural injection of LPC（1 mg/mL for single LPC injection and 10 mg/mL for multiple LPC injections） at day 0 and one（day 7）, two（days 5 and 7）, or three（days 5, 7, and 9） injections of NGF（160 ng/mL for single injections and 80 ng/mL for multiple injections） to determine baseline effects on crush ed sciatic nerves in rats. The rats were randomly divided into four groups： control, crush, crush-NGF, and crush-LPC-NGF. The healing of the nerves was measured weekly by monitoring gait; electrophysiological parameters： compound muscle action potential（CMAP） amplitudes; and morphological parameters： total fascicle areas, myelinated fiber counts, fiber densities, fiber packing, and mean g-ratio values at weeks 3 and 6. The crush, crush-NGF, and crush-LPC-NGF groups statistically differed from the control group for all six weeks for the electrophysiological parameters but only differed from the control group at week 3 for the morphological parameters. The crush, crush-NGF, and crush-LPC-NGF groups did not differ from each other over the course of the study. Single injections of LPC and NGF one week apart or multiple treatments of NGF at 5, 7 and 9 days post-injury did not alter the healing rate of the sciatic nerves during weeks 1-6 of the study. These findings are important to define the baseline effects of NGF and LPC injections, as part of a larger effort to determine the minimal dose regimen of NGF to regenerate peripheral nerves.

关键词： lysophosphatidylcholine neurotrophic factor growth factor sciatic nerve crush peripheral nerve regeneration