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Techno-Economic and Sustainability Analysis of Potential Cooling Methods in Irish Data Centres

Journal of Electronics Cooling and Thermal Control 2021年第3期10卷 35-54页

作者： Lee gibbons Tim Persoons Sajad Alimohammadi School of Mechanical and Design Engineering Technological University Dublin Dublin Ireland Department of Mechanical Manufacturing & Biomedical Engineering Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland

11% of Irish electricity was consumed by data centres in 2020. The Irish data centre industry and the cooling methods utilised require reformative actions in the coming years to meet EU Energy policies. The resell of heat, alternative cooling methods or carbon reduction methods are all possibilities to conform to these policies. This study aims to determine the viability of the resell of waste heat from data centres both technically and economically. This was determined using a novel application of thermodynamics to determine waste heat recovery potential in Irish data centres, and the current methods of heat generation for economical comparison. This paper also explores policy surrounding waste heat recovery within the industry. The recoverable Carnot Equivalent Power (rCEP) is theoretically calculated for the three potential cooling methods for Irish data centres. These are air, hybrid, and immersion cooling techniques. This is the maximum useable heat that can be recovered from a data centre rack. This study is established under current operating conditions which are optimised for cooling performance, that air cooling has the highest potential rCEP of 0.39 kW/rack. This is approximately 8% of the input electrical power that can be captured as useable heat. Indicating that Irish data centres have the energy potential to be heat providers in the Irish economy. This study highlighted the technical and economic aspects of prevalent cooling techniques and determined air cooling heat recovery cost can be reduced to 0.01 €/kWhth using offsetting. This is financially competitive with current heating solutions in Ireland.

关键词： Ireland Data Centres Techno-Economic Novel Cooling Methods Heat resell Sustainability Energy Demand

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Management of achilles tendon injury: A current concepts systematic review

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2015年第4期6卷 380-386页

作者： Vivek Gulati Matthew Jaggard Shafic Said Al-Nammari Chika Uzoigwe Pooja Gulati Nizar Ismail Charles gibbons Chinmay Gupte Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Imperial College

Achilles tendon rupture has been on the rise over recent years due to a variety of reasons. It is a debilitating injury with a protracted and sometimes incomplete recovery. Management strategy is a controversial topic and evidence supporting a definite approach is limited. Opinion is divided between surgical repair and conservative immobilisation in conjunction with functional orthoses. A systematic search of the literature was performed. Pubmed, Medline and EmB ase databases were searched for Achilles tendon and a variety of synonymous terms. A recent wealth of reporting suggests that conservative regimens with early weight bearing or mobilisation have equivalent or improved rates of re-rupture to operative regimes. The application of dynamic ultrasound assessment of tendon gap may prove crucial in minimising re-rupture and improving outcomes. Studies employing functional assessments have found equivalent function between operative and conservative treatments. However, no specific tests in peak power, push off strength or athletic performance have been reported and whether an advantage in operative treatment exists remains undetermined.

关键词： Orthopaedic surgery Achilles tendon injury Sports injury Tendon rupture Conservative management

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Franchising and Trademark Protection in China

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China's Foreign Trade 2012年第3期 92-92页

作者： william gibbons

With the downturn in the US economy well into its fourth year, American and Canadi- an franchisors are increasingly looking to international markets to securenew franchisees. As the worlds＇ second larg- est economy a... 详细信息

关键词：特许经营商标保护中国美国经济国际市场加盟商

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STS的任务、方向与作用——科学、技术、社会关系

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科学管理研究 1990年第3期8卷 78-80页

作者： Michael gibbons Philip Gummett 刘启华南京化工学院社会科学部

技术性失业、遗传工程与核战争恐怖是科学、技术在一定程度上已卷入其中的当代人类三大忧虑。它们仅仅是需要通过审查科学与技术的社会联系、政治联系和经济联系来进行理解的大量当代问题中的部分事例。这种审查又需要我们重新反思:当... 详细信息

技术性失业、遗传工程与核战争恐怖是科学、技术在一定程度上已卷入其中的当代人类三大忧虑。它们仅仅是需要通过审查科学与技术的社会联系、政治联系和经济联系来进行理解的大量当代问题中的部分事例。这种审查又需要我们重新反思:当我们谈论“科学”和“技术”时,我们意指的是什么,也就是说,我们要思考这些领域的人类活动是如何发展的,要思考在科学、技术发展史上的某一时刻,当确认西方社会文明已经科学化时,我们对其意义达到什么程度上的理解。历史学家Herbert Butterfield在其《近代科学的起源》

关键词：科学与社会新科学科学家科学活动技术发展史近代科学历史学家技术与社会技术性失业宗教改革

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role of advanced glycation end products in cardiovascular disease

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World Journal of Cardiology 2012年第4期4卷 90-102页

作者： Zeinab Hegab Stephen gibbons Ludwig Neyses Mamas A Mamas Manchester Academic Health Science Centre University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchester M13 9WLUnited Kingdom Manchester Heart Centre Manchester Royal InfirmaryManchester M13 9WLUnited Kingdom

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are produced through the non enzymatic glycation and oxidation of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Enhanced formation of AGEs occurs particularly in conditions associated with hyperglycaemia such as diabetes mellitus (DM). AGEs are believed to have a key role in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease in patients with DM through the modification of the structure, function and mechanical properties of tissues through crosslinking intracellular as well as extracellular matrix proteins and through modulating cellular processes through binding to cell surface receptors [receptor for AGEs (rAGE)]. A number of studies have shown a correlation between serum AGE levels and the development and severity of heart failure. Moreover, some studies have suggested that therapies targeted against AGEs may have therapeutic potential in patients with heart failure (HF). The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of AGEs in cardiovascular disease and in particular in heart failure, focussing on both cellular mechanisms of action as well as highlighting how targeting AGEs may represent a novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment of HF.

关键词： Advanced glycation end products Diabetes Cardiovascular disease Atherosclerosis Heart failure

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Increased Effluent Dosage Effects on On-Site Wastewater Treatment Systems of Differing Architecture Type

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2015年第6期6卷 651-670页

作者： Andrew gibbons Kristofor r. Brye Sam Dunn Edward E. Gbur Andrew N. Sharpley Wen Zhang Department of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA Franklin County Health Unit Ozark AR USA Agricultural Statistics Laboratory University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA Department of Civil Engineering University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA

Approximately 20% of homes nationwide use an on-site treatment system as a form of household wastewater management. However, approximately 10% to 20% of on-site treatment systems malfunction each year, many of which have either failed or exceeded the soil’s long-term acceptance rate (LTAr), causing environmental and human health risks. The objective of this field study was to evaluate the effects of soil condition (e.g., wet and dry) and product architecture type [i.e., chamber, gravel-less-pipe (GLP), polystyrene-aggregate, and pipe-and-aggregate] on in-product solution storage and biomat thickness in a profile-limited soil in northwest Arkansas under increased loading rates and to estimate the LTAr for each product. During Phase I of this study (March 13 to October 4, 2013), effluent loading rates were approximately doubled, while rates were approximately quadrupled during Phase II (October 8, 2013 to May 29, 2014), from the maximum allowable loading rate for each product. The pipe-and-tire-chip, 46-cm-wide trench pipe-and-gravel, and the 25-cm diameter GLP products had the greatest (p rs had the lowest (p roduct solution storage during wet-soil conditions of Phase I monitoring. The 25-cm diameter GLP product had the greatest (p r had the lowest (p roduct solution storage during Phase II. results of this study indicate that some alternative products may be able to effectively handle effluent loading rates in excess of those currently allowed by the State of Arkansas. Further research will be required to confirm these interpretations.

关键词： On-Site Wastewater Ozark Highlands Profile-Limited Soil Wastewater Treatment

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A comprehensive cardiovascular disease lifestyle treatment controlled trial among high-risk African Americans

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2013年第9期3卷 526-533页

作者： Sharon K. Davis rakale Quarells Gary H. gibbons Morehouse School of Medicine Social Epidemiology Research Center Cardiovascular Research Institute Atlanta USA National Institutes of Health National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Bethesda USA National Institutes of Health National Human Genome Research Institute Bethesda USA

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a comprehensive lifestyle intervention on modifiable cardiovascular risk factors among high-risk African Americans. Methods: The study included a randomized treatment/controlled intervention trial among 136 African Americans residing in Atlanta, GA who were overweight and had elevated blood pressure. The treatment group was exposed to 3-months of a multi-component intervention and the control to an abbreviated 6-week intervention after the completion of the treatment group’s intervention. The main outcomes included mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean waist circumference, mean body mass index (BMI), mean number of times exercise per week, mean number of servings of fruits and vegetables per day, and mean level of daily stress. Data were collected at baseline and at 6-month follow-up. Separate linear regressions were used with an established significance level of P P P = 0.002). Conclusion: These results show that a comprehensive lifestyle intervention can improve cardiovascular risk factor profile among high risk African Americans. Caregivers should encourage patients to participate in such programs and public health policymakers should allocate resources to community based health oriented organizations to implement comprehensive lifestyle program.

关键词： African American Cardiovascular Disease risk Factors Lifestyle Modification

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迟发性直立性低血压:立位耐受不良的常见原因

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世界核心医学期刊文摘(神经病学分册) 2006年第12期 9-10页

作者： gibbons C.H. Freeman r. 郭俊 Dr.Autonomic and Peripheral Nerve Laboratory Department of NeurologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center1 Deaconess RoadBostonMA 02215United States

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the prevalence,symptoms,and neurophysiologic features of delayed orthostatic hypotension(OH).METHODS:Blood pressures(BP)were measured at 1minute intervals on 230 patients during 60°head-up tilt for 45 minutes and standing for 5 *** was defined as a sustained fall in BP(≥20 mm Hg systolic or ≥10 mm Hg diastolic)and delayed OH as a sustained BP fall occurring beyond 3 minutes of standing or upright tilt table ***-to-beat BP,tests of cardiovagal function,and sympathetic-adrenergic function were ***:Of patients with OH,only 46%had OH within 3 minutes of head up tilt;15%had OH between 3 and 10 minutes;and 39%had OH only after 10 minutes of tilt table *** magnitude and the temporal distribution of the BP fall did not differ between those with and without symptoms of orthostatic *** with OH beyond 10 minutes tended to be younger(p r BP falls during phase II of the Valsalva maneuver(p reater phase IV overshoot(p rthostatic hypotension occurred in 54%of our tested population and was associated with milder abnormalities of sympathetic adrenergic function,suggesting this disorder may be a mild or early form of sympathetic adrenergic failure.

关键词：直立性低血压迟发性立位耐受

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在再结晶多晶硅膜中制造合并3-D纵向双极-MOS器件

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微电子学与计算机 1990年第2期7卷 14-16页

作者： J.C.Sturm J.F.gibbons 石广元

本文研究了成形激光束再结晶多晶硅膜的少数载流子性质,在这种膜中成功地制造出纵向双极晶体管和一种3-D 合并纵向双极-MOS 器件,并提出了关于该器件的简单模型.横向晶体管的实验确定了p 型再结晶膜中少数载流子的扩散长度为4μm.使用... 详细信息

本文研究了成形激光束再结晶多晶硅膜的少数载流子性质,在这种膜中成功地制造出纵向双极晶体管和一种3-D 合并纵向双极-MOS 器件,并提出了关于该器件的简单模型.横向晶体管的实验确定了p 型再结晶膜中少数载流子的扩散长度为4μm.使用多晶硅发射极技术,在0.75μm 厚的膜中制造出基区宽度为0.2μm 的纵向双极npn 晶体管.描述了晶体管的增益与氢退火步骤有密切关系.用Ar:H等离子退火减少基区-发射区的空间电荷区域的复合,有可能使共发射极电流增益(β)为100.

关键词： MOS器件多晶硅膜晶体管

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关于人类大脑进化的新观点

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世界科学 2002年第9期 16-17页

作者： Ann gibbons ,范宗理

2002年4月10～14日,在纽约的布法罗举行了约1200名研究人员参加的美国体质人类学家协会第71届年会。大脑进化是这次会议的最热门话题,内容包括供给脑进化所必需的饮食和采用先进的技术检查进化中大脑形状的改变。

关键词：人类大脑右半球颅腔黑猩猩黑猿福克尼安德特人古人脂肪酸

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