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Comparative evaluation of impacts of climate change and droughts on river flow vulnerability in Iran

Water Science and Engineering 2020年第4期13卷 265-274页

作者： Zahra Noorisameleh Shahriar Khaledi Alireza Shakiba Parviz Zeaiean Firouzabadi william AGough mmonirul Qader mirza Faculty of Earth Sciences Shahid Beheshti UniversityTehran ***Iran Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences University of Toronto ScarboroughToronto M1C 1A4Canada Faculty of Geographical Sciences Kharazmi UniversityTehran 15719-14911Iran

Rivers in arid and semi-arid regions are threatened by droughts and climate *** study focused on a comparative evaluation of the impacts of climate change and droughts on the vulnerability of river flows in three basins with diverse climates in *** standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index(SPEI)and precipitation effectiveness variables(PEVs)extracted from the conjunctive precipitation effectiveness index(CPEI)were used to analyze the drought *** investigate hydrological droughts in the basins,the normalized difference water index(NDWI)and the streamflow drought index(SDI)were calculated and *** effects of droughts were assessed under various representative concentration pathway(RCP)*** in the number of wet days and precipitation depth restricted hydrological droughts,whereas an increasing number of dry days amplified their *** projected increases in dry days and precipitation over short durations throughout a year under future climate scenarios would produce changes in drought and flood periods and ultimately impact the frequency and severity of hydrological *** RCP 4.5,an increase in the frequencies of moderate and severe meteorological/hydrological droughts would further affect the Central Desert *** RCPs 2.6 and 8.5,the frequencies of severe and extreme droughts would increase,but the drought area would be smaller than that under RCP 4.5,demonstrating less severe drought *** to the shallow depths of most rivers,SDI was found to be more feasible than NDWI in detecting hydrological droughts.©2020 Hohai *** and hosting by Elsevier *** is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

关键词： Climate change River flow Precipitation Drought index Standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index Iran

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Exploratory study of non-invasive,high-resolution functional macular imaging in subjects with diabetic retinopathy

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2021年第1期14卷 57-63页

作者： Thalmon R.Campagnoli Gábor márk Somfai Jing Tian Delia Cabrera DeBuc william E.Smiddy Bascom Palmer Eye Institute Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFL 33136USA Department of Ophthalmology Semmelweis UniversityFaculty of MedicineBudapestHungary

AIm:To evaluate a high-resolution functional imaging device that yields quantitative data regarding macular blood flow and capillary network features in eyes with diabetic retinopathy(DR).mETHODS:Prospective,cross-sectional comparative case-series in which blood flow velocities(BFVs)and noninvasive capillary perfusion maps(nCPms)in macular vessels were measured in patients with DR and in healthy controls using the Retinal Functional Imager(RFI)***:A total of 27 eyes of 21 subjects were studied[9 eyes nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR),9 eyes proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)and 9 controls].All diabetic patients were type *** patients with NPDR and 5 eyes with PDR also had diabetic macular edema(DmE).The NPDR group included eyes with severe(n=3)and moderate NPDR(n=6),and were symptomatic.A significant decrease in venular BFVs was observed in the macular region of PDR eyes when compared to controls(2.61±0.6 mm/s and 2.92±0.72 mm/s in PDR and controls,respectively,P=0.019)as well as PDR eyes with DmE compared to NPDR eyes(2.36±0.51 mm/s and 2.94±1.09 mm/s in PDR with DmE and NPDR,respectively,P=0.01).CONCLUSION:The RFI,a non-invasive imaging tool,provides high-resolution functional imaging of the retinal microvasculature and quantitative measurement of BFVs in visually impaired DR *** isolated diminish venular BFVs in PDR eyes compared to healthy eyes and PDR eyes with DmE in comparison to NPDR eyes may indicate the possibility of more retinal vein compromise than suspected in advanced DR.

关键词： macular blood flow capillary perfusion map non-invasive vascular imaging high-resolution imaging diabetic retinopathy retinal function imager

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Vascularized omental tissue transfer for the treatment of lymphedema:a review

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2023年第1期10卷 46-55页

作者： Rachel Skladman william R.moritz Elijah J.Tenenbaum Joani m.Christensen Justin m.Sacks Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMO 63108USA

Lymphedema is a debilitating disorder caused by impaired drainage of the lymphatic *** the Western world,lymphedema most often arises secondary to the treatment of *** with lymphedema experience progressive swelling,pain,numbness,and tingling,and decreased quality of *** with persistent symptoms may be subject to chronic *** advent of microsurgery has enabled clinicians to transplant donor lymph nodes and their blood supply from a healthy site to the affected area in a procedure known as vascularized lymph node transplant(VLNT).One donor region is the *** omental lymph node transfer(VOLT)has been shown to decrease limb volume,circumference,and subjective symptoms of *** immunologic properties of the omentum make it a particularly useful lymph node donor site for patients with lymphedemarelated *** omentum may be harvested laparoscopically,with robotic assistance,or through a small laparotomy *** this review,we describe the relevant anatomy and history of VOLT as well as operative *** risks,benefits,and relevant outcome studies will be *** applications of robotic surgery to VOLT will be addressed.

关键词： Lymphedema VOLT VLNT laparoscopy laparotomy gastroepiploic vessels cellulitis

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高压直流换流站穿墙套管的局部放电在线测量(英文)

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高电压技术 2011年第11期37卷 2636-2642页

作者： Nathan D.Jacob william m.mcDermid Behzad Kordi Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of ManitobaWinnipegCanada Insulation Engineering & Testing Department Manitoba HydroWinnipegCanada

An online partial discharge(PD) measurement performed on a high voltage direct current(HVDC) wall bushing successfully identified the presence of internal *** wall bushing is a sulfur hexafluoride gas-insulated bushing,rated for 500 kV dc and terminated on a thyristor-controlled HVDC converter *** measurement of PD within the HVDC station environment is particularly challenging due to the high levels of electromagnetic noise caused by thyristor switching events and external air-corona from the neighboring high-voltage *** additional challenge is the""mixed"voltage stress on the bushing insulation,which has both ac and dc high-voltage *** are also fast transients during the firing of thyristors in the HVDC conversion process that cause added stress to the *** a result,the analysis and interpretation of PD data for HVDC equipment is more complex;PD pulses may occur in response to the ac,dc,or switching transient voltage *** this paper,an online PD measurement strategy for noise filtering and isolation of PD sources within the bushing are *** PD measurement data is plotted on a phase-resolved diagram where the line supply power cord voltage was used as a reference. The phase-resolved diagram appears to suggest that the fast transients,caused during switching,trigger some PD *** were also performed with the aid of a modern PD measurement instrument having noise separation *** findings from the online PD measurements are verified with physical evidence,found after the bushing was removed from service,suggested internal PD had occurred inside the bushing.

关键词： partial discharge(PD) electrical insulation high voltage direct current(HVDC) converters SF6 electromagnetic interference electromagnetic coupling

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A new model to estimate significant wave heights with ERS-1/2 scatterometer data

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2009年第1期27卷 112-116页

作者：过杰何宜军 william Perrie 申辉储小青 Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Wave CAS Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Bedford Institute of Oceanography

A new model is proposed to estimate the significant wave heights with ERS-1/2 scatterometer data. The results show that the relationship between wave parameters and radar backscattering cross section is similar to that between wind and the radar backscattering cross section. Therefore, the relationship between significant wave height and the radar backscattering cross section is established with a neural network algorithm, which is, if the average wave period is ≤7s, the root mean square of significant wave height retrieved from ERS-1/2 data is 0.51 m, or 0.72 m if it is >7s otherwise.

关键词： scatterometer significant wave height neural networks wind waves swell

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Ground-Based LiDAR Improves Phenotypic Repeatability of Above-Ground Biomass and Crop Growth Rate in Wheat

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Plant Phenomics 2020年第1期2卷 138-148页

作者： David m.Deery Greg J.Rebetzke Jose A.Jimenez-Berni Anthony G.Condon David J.Smith Kathryn m.Bechaz william D.Bovill CSIRO Agriculture and Food CanberraACTAustralia CSIRO Agriculture and Food YancoNSWAustralia NSW Department of Primary Industries YancoNSWAustralia

Highly repeatable,nondestructive,and high-throughput measures of above-ground biomass(AGB)and crop growth rate(CGR)are important for wheat improvement *** study evaluates the repeatability of destructive AGB and CGR measurements in comparison to two previously described methods for the estimation of AGB from LiDAR:3D voxel index(3DVI)and 3D profile index(3DPI).Across three field experiments,contrasting in available water supply and comprising up to 98 wheat genotypes varying for canopy architecture,several concurrent measurements of LiDAR and AGB were made from jointing to *** correlations at discrete events between AGB and the LiDAR-derived biomass indices were significant,ranging from 0.31(Pmass indices at discrete events was at least similar to and often higher than AGB,particularly under water *** correlations between calculated CGR for AGB and the LiDAR indices were moderate to high and varied between ***,across all experiments,the repeatabilities of the CGR derived from the LiDAR indices were appreciably greater than those for AGB,except for the 3DPI in the water-limited *** our experiments,the repeatability of either LiDAR index was consistently higher than that of AGB,both at discrete time points and when CGR was *** findings provide promising support for the reliable use of ground-based LiDAR,as a surrogate measure of AGB and CGR,for screening germplasm in research and wheat breeding.

关键词： Wheat Biomass LiDAR

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EEG/ERP evidence of possible hyperexcitability in older adults with elevated beta-amyloid

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2022年第1期11卷 835-844页

作者： Hannes Devos Kathleen Gustafson Ke Liao Pedram Ahmadnezhad Bradley Estes Laura E.martin Jonathan D.mahnken william m.Brooks Jeffrey m.Burns Department of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Scienceand Athletic TrainingUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Department of Neurology University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Department of Population Health University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Department of Biostatistics and Data Science University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA.

Background: Although growing evidence links beta-amyloid (Aβ) and neuronal hyperexcitability in preclinical mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a similar association in humans is yet to be established. The first aim of the study was to determine the association between elevated Aβ (Aβ+) and cognitive processes measured by the P3 event-related potential (ERP) in cognitively normal (CN) older adults. The second aim was to compare the event- related power between CNAβ+ and CNAβ−. methods: Seventeen CNAβ+ participants (age: 73 ± 5, 11 females, montreal Cognitive Assessment [moCA] score 26 ± 2) and 17 CNAβ- participants group-matched for age, sex, and mOCA completed a working memory task (n-back with n = 0, 1, 2) test while wearing a 256-channel electro-encephalography net. P3 peak amplitude and latency of the target, nontarget and task difference effect (nontarget−target), and event-related power in the delta, theta, alpha, and beta bands, extracted from Fz, Cz, and Pz, were compared between groups using linear mixed models. P3 ampli-tude of the task difference effect at Fz and event-related power in the delta band were considered main outcomes. Correlations of mean Aβ standard uptake value ratios (SUVR) using positron emission tomography with P3 amplitude and latency of the task difference effect were analyzed using Pearson Correlation Coefficient r. Results: The P3 peak amplitude of the task difference effect at Fz was lower in the CNAβ+ group (P = 0.048). Simi-larly, power was lower in the delta band for nontargets at Fz in the CNAβ+ participants (P = 0.04). The CNAβ+ partici-pants also demonstrated higher theta and alpha power in channels at Cz and Pz, but no changes in P3 ERP. Strong correlations were found between the mean Aβ SUVR and the latency of the 1-back (r = − 0.69;P = 0.003) and 2-back (r = − 0.69;P = 0.004) of the task difference effect at channel Fz in the CNAβ+ group. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the elevated amyloid in cognitively normal ol

关键词： Event-related potentials Electro-encephalography Working memory Older adults Preclinical Beta-amyloid

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Cost analysis of childhood glaucoma surgeries using the US medicaire allowable costs

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2023年第5期16卷 700-704页

作者： Abdelrahman m.Elhusseiny mohamed m.Khodeiry Nicolas A.Yannuzzi Ta C.Chang Richard K.Lee william E.Smiddy Department of Ophthalmology Bascom Palmer Eye InstituteUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFlorida 33136USA Department of Ophthalmology Harvey and Bernice Jones Eye InstituteUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansas 72205USA

AIm: To analyze and calculate the relative cost of various childhood glaucoma surgical interventions per mm Hg intraocular pressure(IOP) reduction($/mm Hg).mETHODS: Representative index studies were reviewed to quantitate the reduction of mean IOP and glaucoma medications for each surgical intervention in childhood glaucoma. A US perspective was adopted, using medicare allowable costs to calculate cost/mm Hg IOP reduction($/mm Hg) at 1y ***: At 1y postoperatively, the cost/mm Hg IOP reduction was $226/mm Hg for microcatheter-assisted circumferential trabeculotomy, $284/mm Hg for cyclophotocoagulation, $288/mm Hg for conventional ab-externo trabeculotomy, $338/mm Hg for Ahmed glaucoma valve, $350/mm Hg for Baerveldt glaucoma implant, $351/mm Hg for goniotomy, and $400/mm Hg for ***: microcatheter-assisted circumferential trabeculotomy is the most cost-efficient surgical method to lower IOP in childhood glaucoma, while trabeculectomy is the least cost-efficient surgical method.

关键词： glaucoma cost analysis trabeculotomy trabeculectomy intraocular pressure childhood glaucoma

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Stem cell therapy and diabetic erectile dysfunction:A critical review

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2021年第10期13卷 1549-1563页

作者： Cennikon Pakpahan Raditya Ibrahim william william Zakiyatul Faizah Juniastuti Juniastuti maria I Lusida Delvac Oceandy Department of Biomedical Sciences Universitas AirlanggaSurabaya 60132Indonesia Andrology Program Universitas AirlanggaSurabaya 60132Indonesia Department of medical Biology School of Medicine and Health Sciences Atma Jaya Catholic University of IndonesiaJakarta 14440Indonesia Institute of Tropical Disease Universitas AirlanggaSurabaya 60132Indonesia Institute for Tropical Disease Universitas AirlanggaSurabaya 60132Indonesia Division of Cardiovascular Sciences The University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester M139PTUnited Kingdom

Erectile dysfunction(ED)has been identified as one of the most frequent chronic complications of diabetes mellitus(Dm).The prevalence of ED is estimated to be about 67.4%in all Dm cases *** pathophysiological process leading to ED involves endothelial,neurological,hormonal,and psychological *** Dm,endothelial and neurological factors play a crucial *** in the blood vessels and erectile tissue due to insulin resistance are the hallmark of ED in *** current treatments for ED include phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors and penile prosthesis ***,these treatments are limited in terms of just relieving the symptoms,but not resolving the cause of the *** use of stem cells for treating ED is currently being studied mostly in experimental *** stem cells used are derived from adipose tissue,bone,or human *** of the studies observed an improvement in erectile quality in the experimental animals as well as an improvement in erectile ***,research on stem cell therapy for ED in humans remains to be ***,significant findings from studies using animal models indicate a potential use of stem cells in the treatment of ED.

关键词： Stem cells Diabetes mellitus Erectile dysfunction Stem cell therapy Diabetic erectile dysfunction

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The effect of performance demands on lower extremity biomechanics during landing and cutting tasks

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第3期8卷 228-234页

作者： Boyi Dai william E.Garrett michael T.Gross Darin A.Padua Robin m.Queen Bing Yu Division of Kinesiology and Health University of Wyoming Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Duke University Division of Physical Therapy University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Department of Exercise and Sport Science University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Kevin Granata Biomechanics Lab Department of Biomedical Engineering and MechanicsVirginia Tech

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) injuries commonly occur during the early phase of landing and cutting tasks that involve sudden decelerations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of jump height and jump speed on lower extremity biomechanics during a stop-jump task and the effect of cutting speed on lower extremity biomechanics during a side-cutting ***: Thirty-six recreational athletes performed a stop-jump task under 3 conditions: jumping fast, jumping for maximum height, and jumping for 60% of maximum height. Participants also performed a side-cutting task under 2 conditions: cutting at maximum speed and cutting at 60% of maximum speed. Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data were ***:The jumping fast condition resulted in increased peak posterior ground reaction force(PPGRF), knee extension moment at PPGRF,and knee joint stiffness and decreased knee flexion angle compared with the jumping for maximum height condition. The jumping for 60% of maximum height condition resulted in decreased knee flexion angle compared with the jumping for maxrimum height condition. Participants demonstrated greater PPGRF, knee extension moment at PPGRF, knee valgus angle and varus moment at PPGRF, knee joint stiffness, and knee flexion angle during the cutting at maximum speed condition compared with the cutting at 60% maximum speed ***: Performing jump landing at an increased jump speed resulted in lower extremity movement patterns that have been previously associated with an increase in ACL loading. Cutting speed also affected lower extremity biomechanics. Jump speed and cutting speed need to be considered when designing AC.L injury risk screening and injury prevention programs.

关键词： ACL injury Injury prevention Kinematics Kinetics Loading mechanism Risk factor

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