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Neonatal lamb mortality:major risk factors and the potential ameliorative role of melatonin

journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第2期12卷 451-461页

作者： Tom Flinn David O.Kleemann Alyce M.Swinbourne jennifer M.Kelly Alice C.Weaver Simon K.Walker Kathryn L.Gatford Karen L.Kind william h.e.j.van wettere Davies Livestock Research Centre School of Animal and Veterinary SciencesThe University of AdelaideRoseworthySAAustralia Turretfield Research Centre South Australian Research and Development InstituteRosedaleSAAustralia Robinson Research Institute Adelaide Medical SchoolThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia

high incidences of pre-weaning mortality continue to limit global sheep production,constituting a major economic and welfare *** significant advances in genetics,nutrition,and management,the proportion of lamb deaths has remained stable at 15–20%over the past four *** is mounting evidence that melatonin can improve outcomes in compromised ovine pregnancies via enhanced uterine bloodflow and neonatal *** review provides an overview of the major risk factors and underlying mechanisms involved in perinatal lamb mortality and discusses the potential of melatonin treatment as a remedial *** pregnant ewes with melatonin enhances uterine bloodflow and fetal oxygenation,and potentially birthweight and neonatal thermogenic *** freely crosses the ovine placenta and blood-brain barrier and provides neuroprotection to the fetal lamb during periods of chronic and acute hypoxia throughout gestation,with improved behavioural outcomes in hypoxic *** current literature provides strong evidence that maternal melatonin treatment improves outcomes for lambs which experience compromised in utero development or prolonged parturition,though to date this has not been investigated in livestock production *** such there is a clear basis for continued research into the effects of maternal melatonin supplementation during gestation on pre-weaning survival under extensive production conditions.

关键词： Lamb survival Melatonin Neonatal mortality Reproduction Sheep

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Review of the impact of heat stress on reproductive performance of sheep

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第3期12卷 859-876页

作者： william h.e.j.van wettere Karen L.Kind Kathryn L.Gatford Alyce M.Swinbourne Stephan T.Leu Peter T.hayman jennifer M.Kelly Alice C.Weaver David O.Kleemann Simon K.Walker The University of Adelaide School of Animal and Veterinary SciencesDavies Livestock Research CentreRoseworthy CampusMudla Wirra RdRoseworthySouth Australia 5371Australia The University of Adelaide Robinson Research InstituteAdelaide Medical SchoolNorth TerraceAdelaideSouth Australia 5000Australia The University of Adelaide School of AgricultureFood and WineWaite Research InstituteUrrbraeSouth Australia 5064Australia South Australian Research and Development Institute Primary Industries and Regions SAGovernment of South AustraliaClimate ApplicationsWaite Research PrecinctUrrbraeSouth Australia 5064Australia South Australian Research and Development Institute Primary Industries and Regions SAReproductive BiologyLivestock SciencesTurretfield Research Centre129 Holland RdRosedaleSouth Australia 5350Australia

heat stress significantly impairs reproduction of sheep,and under current climatic conditions is a significant risk to the efficiency of the meat and wool production,with the impact increasing as global temperatures *** from field studies and studies conducted using environmental chambers demonstrate the effects of hot temperatures(≥32℃)on components of ewe fertility(oestrus,fertilisation,embryo survival and lambing)are most destructive when experienced from 5 d before until 5 d after *** controlled studies also demonstrate that ram fertility,as measured by rates of fertilisation and embryo survival,is reduced when mating occurs during the period 14 to 50 d ***,the contribution of the ram to heat induced reductions in flock fertility is difficult to determine *** primarily on temperature controlled studies,it is clear that sustained exposure to high temperatures(≥32℃)during pregnancy reduces lamb birthweight and will,therefore,decrease lamb survival under field *** is concluded that both ewe and ram reproduction is affected by relatively modest levels of heat stress(≥32℃)and this is a concern given that a significant proportion of the global sheep population experiences heat stress of this magnitude around mating and during *** this,strategies to limit the impacts of the climate on the homeothermy,behaviour,resource use and reproduction of extensively grazed sheep are limited,and there is an urgency to improve knowledge and to develop husbandry practices to limit these impacts.

关键词： Fertility heat stress Oogenesis Pregnancy Sheep Spermatogenesis

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日粮中添加甲基供体对妊娠母猪妊娠状况和产仔数的影响

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中国饲料 2015年第20期 37-43页

作者： W.h.e.j.van wettere R.j.Smits P.e.hughes 澳大利亚阿德莱德大学动物和兽医科学澳大利亚克洛瓦Rivalea有限公司澳大利亚阿德莱德大学猪和家禽生产研究所

B族维生素和甲基供体物质的摄入量可以影响母猪的繁殖性能。本试验选取1079头长×大二元母猪（胎龄为2~9）,采用2×2×2析因法试验设计,研究母猪妊娠期日粮中甜菜碱和B族维生素（叶酸和维生素B12）的添加剂量对不同胎龄（2~3胎龄和4胎... 详细信息

B族维生素和甲基供体物质的摄入量可以影响母猪的繁殖性能。本试验选取1079头长×大二元母猪（胎龄为2~9）,采用2×2×2析因法试验设计,研究母猪妊娠期日粮中甜菜碱和B族维生素（叶酸和维生素B12）的添加剂量对不同胎龄（2~3胎龄和4胎龄及以上）母猪的产仔数和妊娠状况的影响,甜菜碱和B族维生素的两个添加水平分别为0、3 g/kg和0、20 mg/kg叶酸＋150μg/kg B12。试验过程中,记录母猪返情率和早期流产率（〈30 d）、后期流产率（〉30 d）,同时记录母猪总产仔数、产活仔数、产死仔数、产木乃伊数。在妊娠第3、30、107天,从每个处理组中选取20头母猪,进行空腹采血,分析血浆中同型半胱氨酸的含量。试验结果表明,B族维生素添加组的母猪早期流产率为3%,低于未添加B族维生素组（7%）,差异显著（P〈0.001）。母猪胎龄与添加甜菜碱、B族维生素对窝产仔数有明显的交互作用。甜菜碱添加组母猪窝产仔数较无甜菜碱添加组、4胎龄母猪组均增加0.5头（P〈0.05）。B族维生素添加组中2胎龄和3胎龄母猪产仔猪数均明显高于其他试验处理组（P〈0.05）。添加B族维生素,母猪血浆中同型半胱氨酸含量在妊娠第3天和第107天分别降低2.2μm和2.8μm（P〈0.001）,而添加甜菜碱组母猪血浆中同型半胱氨酸仅在妊娠第3天显著降低（P〈0.05）。总之,妊娠日粮中添加B族维生素能够降低母猪早期妊娠失败率和增加低胎龄母猪的窝产仔数,而添加甜菜碱则可以增加高胎龄母猪的窝产仔数。

关键词： B族维生素甜菜碱妊娠母猪产仔性能

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Differences in sensitivity of native and exotic fish species to changes in river temperature

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Current Zoology 2011年第6期57卷 852-862页

作者： R.S.e.W. LeUVeN A.j. heNDRIKS M.A.j. hUIjBReGTS h.j.R. LeNDeRS j. MATTheWS van DeR VeLDe Radboud University Nijmegen Institute for Water and Wetland Research Department of Environmental Science Heyendaal- seweg 135 NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands Radboud University Nijmegen Institute for Water and Wetland Research Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology Heyendaalseweg 135 NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis P.O. Box 9517 NL-2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands

This paper describes the effects that temperature changes in the Rhine river distributaries have on native and exotic fish diversity. Site-specific potentially affected fractions （PAFs） of the regional fish species pool were derived using species sensitivity distributions （SSDs） for water temperature. The number of fish species in the river distributaries has changed remarkably over the last century. The number of native rheophilous species declined up until 1980 due to anthropogenic disturbances such as commercial fishing, fiver regulation, migration barriers, habitat deterioration and water pollution. In spite of progress in river re- habilitation, the native rheophilous fish fauna has only partially recovered thus far. The total number of species has strongly in- creased due to the appearance of more exotic species. After the opening of the Rhine-Main-Danube waterway in 1992, many fish species originating from the Ponto-Caspian area colonized the Rhine basin. The yearly minimum and maximum river tempera- tures at Lobith have increased by circa 4 ~C over the period 1908-2010. exotic species show lower PAFs than native species at both ends of the temperature range. The interspecific variation in the temperature tolerance of exotic fish species was found to be large. Using temporal trends in river temperature allowed past predictions of PAFs to demonstrate that the increase in maximum river temperature negatively affected a higher percentage of native fish species than exotic species. Our results support the hy- pothesis that alterations of the river Rhine＇s temperature regime caused by thermal pollution and global wanning limit the full recovery of native fish fauna and facilitate the establishment of exotic species which thereby increases competition between native and exotic species. Thermal refuges are important for the survival of native fish species under extreme summer or winter temperature conditions

关键词： Aquatic invaders Global warming heat discharges Lethal temperature River Rhine Thermal heterogeneity

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Architectural factors influencing the sense of home in nursing homes： An operationalization for practice

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2017年第2期6卷 111-122页

作者： A. eijkelenboom h. Verbeek e. Felix j. van hoof eGM architecten Wilgenbos 20 3311 JX Dordrecht The Netherlands Maastricht University CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care Department of Health Services Research Duboisdomein 30 6229 GT Maastricht The Netherlands Vitalis WoonZorg Groep Vitalis Brunswijck Generaal Bradleylaan I 5623kM Eindhoven The Netherlands Fliednerstraat 2 5631 BN Eindhoven The Netherlands Fontys University of Applied Sciences Institute of Allied Health Professions Dominee Theodor Fontys University of Applied Sciences Fontys EGT - Centre for Health Care and Technology Dominee

Various studies have shown that the architecture and design of a nursing home can have a profound impact on the sense of home of old people residing in the nursing home, next to psychological and social factors. however, adequate guidance on how these factors can be operationalized in practice is not provided for architects and interior designers. This study investigated which architectural factors contribute to a sense of home and how these can be implemented in the design guidelines. Two existing data sets were used, combining the most recent evidence from the literature and experiences of residents, family caregivers, and professional staff of Dutch nursing homes. These analyses resulted in theoretical implications for the private space, quasi-public space, the took and feel of the nursing home, and the outdoors. Furthermore, these analyses were used for the design of a demonstration apartment that integrates the factors of the sense of home. This description was concluded by a checklist for practice, in which design guidelines were formulated. A holistic understanding of which factors influence the sense of home could tead to improvements of the sense of home of nursing home residents.

关键词： Sense of home Aging-in-ptace Order peopte Residents Atzheimer Caregiver Architecture

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Postoperative surgical site infection in cholesteatoma surgery with and without mastoid obliteration, what can we learn?

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journal of Otology 2022年第1期17卷 25-30页

作者： F.L.j.Cals h.F.e.van der Toom R.M.Metselaar A.van Linge M.P.van der Schroeff R.j.Pauw Department of Otorhinolaryngology and head and Neck Surgery Erasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands

Introduction:This study aims to describe the occurrence of postoperative complications related to cholesteatoma surgery and to determine factors influencing the most common complication,*** surgical site infection(SSI)in cases with and without mastoid *** and methods:Retrospective analyses were performed on surgically treated cholesteatomas in our hospital between 2013 and *** characteristics,peri-and postoperative management and complications were *** cases were divided into two groups based on whether mastoid obliteration was performed or ***:A total of 336 cholesteatoma operations were performed,of which 248 cases received mastoid *** total 21 complications were observed,of which SSI was the most common(15/21).No difference in occurrence of any postoperative complication was seen between the obliteration and noobliteration group(p=0.798),especially not in the number of SSI(p=0.520).Perioperative and/or postoperative prophylactic antibiotics were not associated to the development of an SSI in both *** the no-obliteration group a younger age(p=0.015),as well as primary surgery(p=0.022)increased the risk for *** the obliteration group the use of bioactive glass(BAG)S53P4 was identified as independent predictor of SSI(p=0.008,OR 5.940).Discussion:SSI is the most common postoperative complication in cholesteatoma *** causes of SSI are multifactorial,therefore further prospective research is needed to answer which factors can prevent the development of an SSI in cholesteatoma surgery.

关键词： Cholesteatoma Mastoid obliteration Postoperative surgical site infection Complications Bioactive glass S53P4

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Assessment of predatory ability of native and non-native freshwater gammaridean species： A rapid test with water fleas as prey

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Current Zoology 2011年第6期57卷 836-843页

作者： B.e.M.W. STOFFeLS j.S. TUMMeRS G. van DeR VeLDe D. PLATVOeT h.W.M. heNDRIKS R.S.e.W. LeUVeN Radboud University Nijmegen Institute for Water and Wetland Research Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology Heyendaalseweg 135 NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis P.O. Box 9517 NL-2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis Mauritskade 57 NL-1092 AD Amsterdam The Netherlands Radboud University Nijmegen Faculty of Science Department of Mathematics Heyendaalseweg 135 NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands Radboud University Nijmegen Institute for Water and Wetland Research Department of Environmental Science Heyendaal seweg 135 NL-6525 AJ Nijrnegen The Netherlands

Predation rate with relation to species, sex and water temperature was tested among four different gammaridean spe- cies： Dikerogammarus villosus, Gammarus roeselii, Gammarus pulex and Gammarus fossarum. Tests were performed in micro- cosms in climate-controlled rooms at five different temperatures. Daphnia magna, a common water flea, served as prey. On ave- rage D. villosus showed the highest consumption rate of Daphnia magna over the entire temperature range, followed in decreas- ing order by G pulex, G roeselii and G fossarum. The predation rate of all species showed a distinct peak at 20~C. Correction of predation rates for body size gave somewhat different results. D. villosus is then still the most predatory of all gammaridean spe- cies tested followed by G. pulex, G. fossarum and G roeselii. The outcome of the Daphnia tests is consistent with results of other studies with different prey. This supports that the Daphnia test is a good and quick indicator of the predatory abilities in gam- maridean species at varying temperatures, and allows the prediction of how changing temperature regimes influence invasion impacts

关键词： Daphnia Temperature Predation rate Amphipods Invasions

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highly active and durable Pd-Cu catalysts for oxygen reduction in alkaline exchange membrane fuel cells

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Frontiers in energy 2017年第3期11卷 299-309页

作者： Xiong PeNG Travis j. OMASTA justin M. ROLLeR william e. MUSTAIN Department of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering University of Connecticut 191 Auditorium Drive Storrs CT 06269 USA

A Pd-Cu catalyst, with primary B2-type phase, supported by VulcanXC-7R carbon was synthesized via a solvothermal method. The catalysts were physically and electrochemically characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, trans- mission electron microscopy （TeM） and both cyclic and linear sweep voltammetry using a rotating disk electrode （RDe）. During the RDe testing, the half-wave potential of the Pd-Cu/Vulcan catalyst was 50 mV higher compared to that of commercial Pt/C catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction （ORR） in alkaline media. The Pd-Cu/Vulcan exhibited a specific activity of 1.27 mA/cm2 and a mass activity of 0.59 A/mgpd at 0.9 V, which were 4 and 3 times greater than that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst, respectively. The Pd-Cu/Vulcan catalyst also showed higher in-situ alkaline exchange membrane fuel cell （AeMFC） performance, with operating power densities of 1100 MW/cm2 operating on h2/O2 and 700 MW/cm2 operating on h2/Air （CO2-free）, which were markedly higher than those of the commercial Pt/C. The Pd-Cu/ Vulcan catalyst also exhibited high stability during a short-term, in-situ AeMFC durability test, with only around 11% performance loss after 30 hours of operation, an improve- ment over most AeMFCs reported in the literature to date.

关键词： alkaline exchange membrane (AeM) fuel cell Pd-Cu oxygen reduction high performance water

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effect of nitrogen application level on cotton fibre quality

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journal of Cotton Research 2022年第1期5卷 80-114页

作者： van DeR SLUIjS Marinus h.j Textile Technical Services 35 Helena StreetBelmontGeelongVIC 3216Australia Deakin University Pigdons RoadWaurn PondsGeelongVIC 3216Australia

The nitrogen(N)requirements of cotton are well understood and have been extensively studied since 1887,with practical guides,decision support systems,models and recent reviews providing information on the importance of providing cotton crops with a sufficient supply of nutrients and improving nitrogen use *** that the financial return to the grower depends on both the cotton quantity and quality and the growing importance of the latter,this review focusses specifically on information and knowledge about the effect of nitrogen application level on fibre quality.

关键词： Cotton Nitrogen Fibre quality

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endovascular treatment in anterior circulation stroke beyond 6.5 hours after onset or time last seen well:results from the MR CLeAN Registry

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第4期6卷 572-580,I0037-I0048页

作者： Luuk Dekker esmee Venema F Anne V Pirson Charles B L M Majoie Bart j emmer Ivo G h jansen Maxim j h L Mulder Robin Lemmens Robert-jan B Goldhoorn Marieke j h Wermer jelis Boiten Geert j LycklamaàNijeholt Yvo B W e M Roos Adriaan C G M van es hester F Lingsma Diederik W j Dippel Wim h van Zwam Robert j van Oostenbrugge Ido R van den Wijngaard on behalf of the MR CLeAN Registry investigators Neurology Leiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands Neurology Erasmus MCRotterdamThe Netherlands Public health Erasmus MCRotterdamThe Netherlands Neurology Maastricht University Medical Centre+MaastrichtThe Netherlands Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam University Medical CentreLocation AMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands Neurology University Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium Neurosciences Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain InstituteUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium VIB Center for Brain&Disease ResearchLaboratory of NeurobiologyLeuvenBelgium Neurology Haaglanden Medical CentreDen HaagThe Netherlands Radiology Haaglanden Medical CentreDen HaagThe Netherlands Neurology Amsterdam University Medical CentreLocation AMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands Radiology Leiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands Radiology Maastricht University Medical Centre+MaastrichtThe Netherlands

Background Randomised controlled trials with perfusion selection have shown benefit of endovascular treatment(eVT)for ischaemic stroke between 6 and 24 hours after symptom onset or time last seen ***,outcomes after eVT in these late window patients without perfusion imaging are largely *** assessed their characteristics and outcomes in routine clinical *** The Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands Registry,a prospective,multicentre study in the Netherlands,included patients with an anterior circulation occlusion who underwent eVT between 2014 and *** perfusion was no standard imaging *** used adjusted ordinal logistic regression analysis to compare patients treated within versus beyond 6.5 hours after propensity score matching on age,prestroke modified Rankin Scale(mRS),National Institutes of health Stroke Scale,Alberta Stroke Programme early CT Score(ASPeCTS),collateral status,location of occlusion and treatment with intravenous *** included 3-month mRS score,functional independence(defined as mRS 0-2),and *** Of 3264 patients who underwent eVT,106(3.2%)were treated beyond 6.5 hours(median 8.5,IQR 6.9-10.6),of whom 93(87.7%)had unknown time of stroke *** perfusion was not performed in 87/106(80.2%)late window *** window patients were younger(mean 67 vs 70 years,phad slightly lower ASPeCTS(median 8 vs 9,petter collateral status(collateral score 2-3:68.3%vs 57.7%,p=0.03).No differences were observed in proportions of functional independence(43.3%vs 40.5%,p=0.57)or death(24.0%vs 28.9%,p=0.28).After matching,outcomes remained similar(adjusted common OR for 1 point improvement in mRS 1.04,95%CI 0.56 to 1.93).Conclusions Without the use of CT perfusion selection criteria,eVT in the 6.5-24-hour time window was not associated with poorer outcome in selected patients with favourable clinical and CT/C

关键词： treatment beyond Registry

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