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Integrative Zoology 2011年第4期6卷 321-333页

作者： william g.breed Chris M.LEIgH Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia

The Spinifex hopping mouse(Notomys alexis Thomas,1922)is an arid adapted Australo–Papuan old endemic rodent that undergoes boom and bust population *** this communication,we review our findings on the timing of reproduction and the potential reproductive rate of this *** investigate the first question,the reproductive condition of adult females,and occurrence of immatures,in a population on a cattle station in central Australia was determined and,for the second,data from a laboratory colony compared to those previously published on closely related species in other *** findings show that,at least in the population at the times that monitoring was performed,reproductive activity was only taking place in spring and early summer,whereas the laboratory study indicates that females have a similar gestation length and litter size to those of most close relatives occurring in other *** have extremely small testes and store relatively few *** findings suggest that Notomys alexis might show some seasonality of reproduction at least in this region of central Australia and that this species does not have a higher reproductive rate than that of related species in other,more predictable,environments.

关键词： arid environment hopping mouse reproduction

Terrestrial invertebrate hosts of human pathogens in urban ecosystems

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Eco-Environment & Health 2024年第3期3卷 369-380页

作者： An Xie Yiyue Zhang Martin F.breed Xinli An Haifeng Yao Qiansheng Huang Jianqiang Su Xin Sun Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health Ningbo Observation and Research StationInstitute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in BeilunNingbo 315830China College of Science&Engineering Flinders UniversitySA 5042Australia

Terrestrial invertebrates in urban ecosystems are extremely species-rich,have many important roles in material flow and energy circulation,and are host to many human pathogens that pose threats to human *** invertebrates are widely distributed in urban areas,including both out-and in-door ***,humans are frequently in contact with them,which provides many opportunities for them to pose human health ***,comprehensive knowledge on human pathogen transfer via invertebrates is lacking,with research to date primarily focused on dipterans(e.g.,mosquitoes,flies).Here,we take a broad taxonomic approach and review terrestrial invertebrate hosts(***,flies,termites,cockroaches,mites,ticks,earthworms,collembola,fleas,snails,and beetles)of human pathogens,with a focus on transmission *** also discuss how urbanization and global warming are likely to influence the communities of invertebrate hosts and have flow-on risks to human ***,we identify current research gaps and provide perspectives on future directions.

关键词： Human health Human pathogens Invertebrates Urbanization Zoonoses

Whole-body heat exposure induces membrane changes in spermatozoa from the cauda epididymidis of laboratory mice

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第4期12卷 591-598页

作者： Harsha Wechalekar Brian P. Setchell Eleanor J. Peirce Mario Ricci Chris Leigh william g. breed Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia Division of Health Sciences University of South Australia City East Campus Adelaide South Australia 5000 Australia

This study was carried out to determine if exposure to hot environmental temperatures had a direct, detrimental effect on sperm quality. For this the effect of whole-body heat exposure on epididymal spermatozoa of laboratory mice was investigated. C57BL/6 mice （n = 7） were housed in a microclimate chamber at 37℃-38℃ for 8 h per day for three consecutive days, while control mice （n = 7） were kept at 23℃-24℃. Cauda epididymal spermatozoa were obtained 16 h after the last heat treatment. The results showed that sperm numbers were similar in the two groups （P = 0.23）, but after heat treatment, a significant reduction in the percentage of motile sperm was present （P 〈 0.0001）. Membrane changes of the spermatozoa were investigated by staining with phycoerythrin （PE）- conjugated Annexin V, which detects exteriorization of phosphotidylserine from the inner to the outer leaflet of the sperm plasma membrane, and 7-aminoactinomycin D （7-AAD）, which binds to the sperm nucleus when the plasma membrane is damaged. The percentage of spermatozoa showing positive staining with Annexin V-PE or 7-AAD or both, was significantly higher （P 〈 0.05） in heat-exposed mice compared with controls. These results show that whole-body heat exposure to 37℃-38℃ induces membrane changes in the epididymal spermatozoa of mice, which may lead to apoptosis.

关键词： laboratory mice sperm membrane damage whole-body heat

Reproductive biology of the greater bandicoot rat Bandicota indica(Rodentia:Muridae) in the rice fields of southern Thailand

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Current Zoology 2009年第1期55卷 48-55页

作者： N.THITIPRAMOTE J.SUWANJARAT W.g.breed Department of Biology Faculty of SciencePrince of Songkla University Discipline of Anatomical Sciences School of Medical SciencesFaculty of Health SciencesThe University of Adelaide

This study investigated some aspects of the reproductive biology of male and female greater bandicoot rats, Bandicota indica, in southern Thailand from September 2004 to September 2006. In females, body, uterine and preputial gland weights, occurrences of pregnancies and placental scars, and in males, testicular weights and histology, and sizes of accessory sex glands, were recorded. Pregnancies occurred predominantly, but not exclusively, in the wet season, with a higher incidence pregnancies in the second, than in the first, dry season. Uterine and preputial gland weights tended to be lower in the first, but not the second dry season, with placental scars occurring at all times of year. Males tended to have heavier testes in the wet season but some seminiferous tubules contained sperm even in the dry season. Seminal vesicles, but not prostates and preputial glands, tended to be heavier in animals in the wet season. We conclude that the greater bandicoot rat in southern Thailand shows maximal reproductive activity in the wet season with some reproductive activity, albeit variable from year to year, occurring in the dry season depending upon environmental conditions. This study has also shown that females, as well as males, have large preputial glands, and that males invariably have small testes regardless of the time of year. These observations suggest a similar timing of reproduction, but a different breeding biology and perhaps social organisation, from that of the sylnpatric ricefield rat, Rattus argentiventer.

关键词： greater bandicoot rat Bandicota indica Time of breeding Testis size

Model evaluations for winter orographic clouds with observations

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第1期56卷 76-83页

作者： LOU XiaoFeng.breed Dan State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LaSW) Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China Key Laboratory for Cloud Physics and Weather Modification of China Meteorological Administration Beifing 100081 China National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder C080305 USA

The Real-Time Four-Dimensional Data Assimilation (RT-FDDA) system is used for orographic snowpack *** model has three nested domains with the grid spacing of 18,6 and 2 *** evaluate the simulations of winter orographic clouds and precipitation,comparisons are made between model simulations and observations to determine how the model simulates the cloud distribution,cloud height,cloud vertical profiles and snow *** simulated results of the 02:00 UTC cycling with 2-km resolution are used in the *** observations include SNOTEL,ceilometer,sounding and satellite data,from the ground to *** verification of these observations indicates that the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) RT-FDDA system provides good *** is better to use data within the forecast period of 2-16 h *** the horizontal wind component near the ground has some bias,and the simulated clouds are a little higher and have a little more coverage than observed,the simulated precipitation is a little weaker than *** results of the comparison show that the WRF RT-FDDA model provides good simulations and can be used in orographic cloud seeding.

关键词：地形云云模型冬季模型模拟 WRF模式评价四维资料同化模拟降水

Design of the Airbag Inflation System Applicable to Conventional and Autonomous Vehicles

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Automotive Innovation 2021年第4期4卷 390-399页

作者： Nina F.Yurchenko David S.breed Shaowei Zhang Laboratory for Advanced Aerodynamics and Interdisciplinary Research Institute of HydromechanicsNational Academy of Sciences of Ukraine8/4 Zheliabov St.Kyiv 03680Ukraine Automotive Technologies International Inc.USA800 West AveUnit 545Miami BeachFL 33139USA Shanghai East Joylong Motor Airbag Co. Ltd.219#Qingda Road Pudong DistrictShanghaiChina

The emergency transformation of various aspects of life and business these days requires prompt evaluation of autonomous *** of the primary reassessments deals with the applicability of the vehicle passive safety system to the protec-tion of arbitrarily positioned *** mitigate possible risks caused by the simultaneous deployment of several big airbags,a new principle of their operation is ***,the aspirated inflator for a driver airbag is developed that can provide 50L-airbag inflation within 30-40 *** a result,about 3/4 of the air is to be entrained into an airbag from the vehicle *** process is initiated by a supersonic pulse jet(1/3 air volume)generated *** the Prandtl-Meyer problem formulation enables guiding linear and angular dimensions of the essential parts of the ***,a family of experimental models of varied geometry is fabricated and tested to determine their operational effectiveness in a range of motive pressure within~3-7 *** are performed on a specially designed facility equipped with compressed-air tanks and a high-speed valve to mimic the inflator operation with the pyrotechnic gas *** aspirated inflator operability is characterized using multivariate measurements of pressure fields,high-speed video-recording of the airbag inflation process,and evaluation of aspiration(entrainment)*** average volume aspiration ratio measured at 300 K is found to reach 2.8 and it’s expected to almost double at 1200 K.

关键词： Novel airbag system Aspirated inflator Air entrainment effectiveness Experimental investigations

growth inhibition mediated by PSP94 or CRISP-3 is prostate cancer cell line specific

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第5期12卷 677-689页

作者： Bhakti R. Pathak Ananya A. breed Vaishali H. Nakhawa Dhanashree D. Jagtap Smita D. Mahale Division of Structural Biology National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health Indian Council of Medical ResearchMumbai 400012 India

The prostate secretory protein of 94 amino acids （PSP94） has been shown to interact with cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 （CRISP-3） in human seminal plasma. Interestingly, PSP94 expression is redaced or lost in the majority of the prostate tumours, whereas CRISP-3 expression is upregulated in prostate cancer compared with normal prostate tissue. To obtain a better understanding of the individual roles these proteins have in prostate tumourigenesis and the functional relevance of their interaction, we ectopically expressed either PSP94 or CRISP-3 alone or PSP94 along with CRISP-3 in three prostate cell lines （PC3, WPE1-NB26 and LNCaP） and performed growth inhibition assays. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were used to screen prostate cell lines for PSP94 and CRISP-3 expression. Mammalian expression constructs for human PSP94 and CRISP-3 were also generated and the expression, localization and secretion of recombinant protein were assayed by transfection followed by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assay. The effect that ectopic expression of PSP94 or CRISP-3 had on cell growth was studied by clonogenic survival assay follokving transfection. To evaluate the effects of coexpression of the two proteins, stable clones of PC3 that expressed PSP94 were generated. They were subsequently transfected with a CRISP-3 expression construct and subjected to clonogenic survival assay. Our results showed that PSP94 and CRISP-3 could each induce growth inhibition in a cell line specific manner. Although the growth of CRISP-3-positive cell lines was inhibited by PSP94, growth inhibition mediated by CRISP-3 was not affected by the presence or absence of PSP94. This suggests that CRISP-3 may participate in PSP94-independent activities during prostate tumourigenesis.

关键词： β-microseminoprotein CRISP-3 clonogenic survival assay LNCaP PC3 WPE1-NB26

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电信快报 1997年第4期 15-17页

作者： g.A.breed 张寅

Eye contact and sociability data suggests that Australian dingoes were never domesticated

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Current Zoology 2022年第4期68卷 423-431页

作者： J william O Ballard Chloe gardner Lucille Ellem Sonu Yadav Richard I Kemp Department of Ecology Environmentand EvolutionLatrobe UniversityMelbourneVIC 3086Australia Department of BioSciences The University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC 3010Australia School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia Bargo Dingo Sanctuary BargoNSW 2574Australia School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences UNSW SydneySydneyNSW 2052Australia School of Psychology UNSW SydneySydneyNSW 2052Australia

Dogs were the first animal to become domesticated by humans,and they represent a classic model system for unraveling the processes of *** compare Australian dingo eye contact and socialization with Basenji and german Shepherd dog(gSD)*** dingoes arrived in Australia 5,000–8,000 BP,and there is debate whether they were domesticated before their *** Basenji represents a primitive breed that diverged from the remaining.breeds early in the domestication process,while gSDs are a breed dog selected from existing domestic dogs in the late *** conducted a 4-phase study with unfamiliar and familiar investigators either sitting passively or actively calling each *** found 75%of dingoes made eye contact in each *** contrast,86%of Basenjis and 96%of gSDs made eye *** also exhibited shorter eye-gaze duration than breed dogs and did not respond to their name being called ***,quantified as a canid coming within 1m of the experimenter,was lowest for dingoes and highest for *** sociability duration,dingoes spent less time within 1m of the experimenter than either breed *** compared with previous studies,these data show that the dingo is behaviorally intermediate between wild wolves and Basenji dogs and suggest that it was not domesticated before it arrived in ***,it remains possible that the accumulation of mutations since colonization has obscured historical behaviors,and dingoes now exist in a feralized retamed *** morphological and genetic data are required to resolve this conundrum.

关键词： Basenji dingo domestication german Shepherd dog eye gaze sociability

Canopy Temperature Depression as a Potential Selection Criterion for Drought Resistance in Wheat

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2005年第10期4卷 793-800页

作者： FAN Ting-lu Maria Balta Jackie Rudd william A Payne Dry land Agriculture Institute Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Lanzhou 730070 P.R.China Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Texas A＆M University Bushland TX79012 USA

Field studies were conducted at Bushland, Texas, USA, in 2004 to examine usefulness of canopy temperature depression （CTD）, the difference of air-canopy temperature, in screening wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） genotypes for yield under dryland and irrigated. Forty winter wheat genotypes were grown under irrigation and dryland. CTDs were recorded after heading between 1 330 and 1 530 h on 6 clear days for dryland and 9 days for irrigation. Drought susceptible index （DSI） for each genotype was calculated using mean yield under dryland and irrigated conditions. genotypes exhibited great differences in CTD under each environment. The dryland CTDs averaged 1.33℃ ranging from -0.67 to 2.57℃, and the average irrigation CTD were 4.59℃ ranging from 3.21 to 5.62℃. A low yield reduction was observed under dryland conditions relative to irrigated conditions for high-CTD genotypes. CTD values were highly negatively correlated with DSI under dryland, and genotypes of CTDs = 1.3℃ in dryland condition were identified as drought resistant. For 21 genotypes classified as drought resistant by DSI, their CTDs were 1.68℃ for dryland and 4.35℃ for irrigation on average; for 19 genotypes classified as drought susceptible by DSI, average CTD was 0.94℃ in dryland and 4.85℃ in irrigation. The high-yield genotypes consistently had high CTD values, and the low-yield ones had low CTD values for all measurements in dryland. After heading, genotypes maintained consistent ranking for CTD. Regression results for CTD and yield suggested that the best time for taking CTD measurement was 3-4 weeks after heading in irrigation but any time before senescence in dryland. Crop water stress index （CWSI） calculated from CTD data was highly correlated with CWSI calculated from yield, which suggesting traditional costly CWSI measurement may be improved by using portable infrared thermometers. Most importantly, grain yield was highly correlated with CTD under dryland （R^2 = 0.79-0.86） and irrigation （R^2 = 0.46-0

关键词： Canopy temperature depression Crop water stress index Drought susceptible index Winter wheat